Page last updated: 2024-11-13

preminent

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	24783652
SCHEMBL ID	2121069
MeSH ID	M0042776

Synonyms (13)

Synonym
SCHEMBL2121069
losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide
losartan-hydrochlorothiazide mixt
losartan - hydrochlorothiazide mixt.
preminent
hydrochlorothiazide, losartan drug combination
156154-37-9
2h-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide, mixt with 2-butyl-4-chloro-1-((2'-(1h-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'- biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-1h-imidazole-5-methanol
losarmepha-plus
DTXSID80166052
losartan/hydrochlorothiazide
Q6683498
potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,3-triaza-4-azanidacyclopenta-2,5-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol;6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2h-1lambda6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Single-pill fixed-dose combination therapy using Preminent(®) showed significant 24-h BP-lowering effects and was safe when compared with CodioMD(®). Since these adverse effects did not disappear after the return to Preminent('s') at the end of Stage C, we performed an additional 3-month follow-up.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Since these adverse effects did not disappear after the return to Preminent(®) at the end of Stage C, we performed an additional 3-month follow-up (extended stage)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-pill fixed-dose combinations of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension (SALT-VAT study). Inoue, A; Kuwano, T; Mitsutake, R; Miura, S; Morii, J; Saku, K; Shiga, Y; Uehara, Y, 2011)	0.61
"Single-pill fixed-dose combination therapy using Preminent(®) showed significant 24-h BP-lowering effects and was safe when compared with CodioMD(®)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-pill fixed-dose combinations of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension (SALT-VAT study). Inoue, A; Kuwano, T; Mitsutake, R; Miura, S; Morii, J; Saku, K; Shiga, Y; Uehara, Y, 2011)	0.62
" Serious adverse events were more frequent in E (2."	( Efficacy and safety of early versus late titration of fixed-dose irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide: ACTUAL study. Aoun, J; Girerd, X; Rosenbaum, D, 2011)	0.37
" Metabolic parameters maintained a limited range of changes after 3 years, and adverse events were markedly decreased after 1-year treatment."	( Three-year safety and effectiveness of fixed-dose losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in Japanese patients with hypertension under clinical setting (PALM-1 Extension Study). Ayabe, T; Eto, T; Etoh, T; Ichiki, Y; Kato, J; Kita, T; Kitamura, K; Tamaki, N; Yokota, N, 2012)	0.38
" High adherence rates and few adverse effects were observed in Very-Elderly patients receiving combination (n = 32) and high-dose (n = 34) therapies and in Young/Elderly patients receiving combination (n = 69) and high-dose (n = 66) therapies."	( Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination is safe and effective for morning hypertension in Very-Elderly patients. Anegawa, T; Fukuda, K; Fukumoto, Y; Imaizumi, T; Iwamoto, Y; Kai, H; Kajimoto, H; Uchiwa, H, 2018)	0.48

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Cmax, tmax, and other pharmacokinetics parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles for both test and reference formulations of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide 50 + 12."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison and bioequivalence evaluation of losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide tablet between Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers. Jain, R; Khuroo, A; Kumar, S; Kurachi, K; Monif, T; Reyar, S; Singla, AK, 2014)	0.4
" The ratios of least square means for AUC0-t and Cmax and the affiliated 90% confidence intervals were within acceptance range recommended by PMDA."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison and bioequivalence evaluation of losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide tablet between Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers. Jain, R; Khuroo, A; Kumar, S; Kurachi, K; Monif, T; Reyar, S; Singla, AK, 2014)	0.4
" Although Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers are ethnically different, results of these studies indicate that pharmacokinetic parameters of Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers are comparable to each other in terms of bioavailability of losartan, losartan carboxylic acid and hydrochlorothiazide."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison and bioequivalence evaluation of losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide tablet between Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers. Jain, R; Khuroo, A; Kumar, S; Kurachi, K; Monif, T; Reyar, S; Singla, AK, 2014)	0.4

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Randomized, open-label, crossover, bioavailability studies were conducted separately in healthy Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison and bioequivalence evaluation of losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide tablet between Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers. Jain, R; Khuroo, A; Kumar, S; Kurachi, K; Monif, T; Reyar, S; Singla, AK, 2014)	0.4
"The results of these bioavailability studies indicate that the test formulation of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide 50 + 12."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison and bioequivalence evaluation of losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide tablet between Asian Indian and Japanese volunteers. Jain, R; Khuroo, A; Kumar, S; Kurachi, K; Monif, T; Reyar, S; Singla, AK, 2014)	0.4

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This study examined the practical efficacy of a combination therapy of ARB with thiazide diuretics for lowering morning home blood pressure (MHBP) in comparison to high-dose ARB therapy in patients with morning hypertension administered an ordinal dosage of ARB."	( Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy surpasses high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker in the reduction of morning home blood pressure in patients with morning hypertension. Hanayama, Y; Makino, H; Nakamura, Y; Uchida, HA, 2012)	0.38

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (30)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (6.67)	29.6817
2010's	28 (93.33)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 86.20

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	86.20 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.83 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.97 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	148.13 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (86.20)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	15 (50.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (6.67%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (3.33%)	0.25%
Other	12 (40.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	5.32	4	3	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	7.04	6	5	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	3.47	1	1	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.47	1	1	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.13	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	10.04	30	15	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	10.04	30	15	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.06	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.15	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.06	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.06	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.5	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	3.48	1	1	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination Kinzalkomb: a fixed combination of telmisartan 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 125 mg for the treatment of hypertension	3.48	1	1
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	3.87	2	1	polypeptide

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	9.87	27	14
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	9.87	27	14
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.47	1	1
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	2.08	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.51	2	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.1	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.87	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.87	2	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	3.87	2	1
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	3.48	1	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	3.87	2	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.15	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.06	1	0
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	2.06	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	2.07	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	4.37	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	4.37	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.07	1	0

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