Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome

A hereditary disease characterized by childhood onset HYPERTENSION, hypokalemic alkalosis, and low RENIN and ALDOSTERONE secretion. It results from a defect in the activity of the 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2 enzyme which results in inadequate conversion of CORTISOL to CORTISONE. The build up of unprocessed cortisol to levels that stimulate MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS creates the appearance of having excessive MINERALOCORTICOIDS.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Apparent
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (54)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's17 (31.48)18.1394
2010's24 (44.44)28.8240
2020's13 (24.07)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
hydrogen carbonate0low10
hydrochlorothiazide0low10
ketoconazole0low20
corticosterone0low20
spironolactone0low100
aldosterone0low150
tetrahydrocortisol0low20
tetrahydrocortisone0low20
medroxyprogesterone acetate0low20
glycyrrhizic acid0low40
amiloride0low30
iodinated glycerol0low140
chlorine0low10
itraconazole0low30
triazoles0low60
voriconazole0low40
gliclazide0low10
amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination0low10
abiraterone0low20
cortisone0low160
eplerenone0low10
posaconazole0low60
carbenoxolone sodium0low10
etomidate0low10
pituitrin0low10
angiotensinogen0low10

Protein Targets (333)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30707
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40707
Bile salt export pump010010
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0404
Cytochrome P450 3A40506
Steroid 21-hydroxylase0202
Aromatase0404
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0202
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0404
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0404
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
AR protein100010
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]100010
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
geminin7007
Sex hormone-binding globulin0044
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0303
Mineralocorticoid receptor 06411
Androgen receptor0607
Mineralocorticoid receptor0303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10102
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G3003
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain U, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
acetylcholinesterase2002
thioredoxin reductase3003
TDP1 protein6006
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A13003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha110011
glucocerebrosidase1001
arylsulfatase A2002
alpha-galactosidase1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 25005
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 11001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 26006
huntingtin isoform 21001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 18008
lamin isoform A-delta103003
Membrane primary amine oxidase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0404
Prothrombin0101
Coagulation factor X0101
Plasminogen0101
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0202
Tissue-type plasminogen activator0202
Cationic trypsin0101
Coagulation factor XI0101
Plasma kallikrein0101
Vitamin K-dependent protein C0101
Cellular tumor antigen p535005
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0202
Trypsin-10101
Trypsin-20101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10202
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 30202
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Trypsin-30101
Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 20202
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20303
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 50202
Solute carrier family 22 member 10303
Solute carrier family 22 member 20303
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger0101
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma8008
GLI family zinc finger 38008
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha8008
farnesoid X nuclear receptor6006
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6006
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma5005
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor5005
activating transcription factor 63003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10303
pregnane X receptor4004
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
GALC protein3003
Thrombopoietin1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
progesterone receptor6006
nonstructural protein 12002
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 17007
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
G6006
IDH13003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
chromobox protein homolog 13003
heat shock protein beta-13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi4004
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 6006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-54004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-44004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-64004
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-24004
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
GABA theta subunit4004
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 16006
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon4004
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial6006
endonuclease IV1001
dopamine D1 receptor1001
GLS protein1001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
flap endonuclease 11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Glucocorticoid receptor08311
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10606
Glycine receptor subunit beta0606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30606
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10202
cytochrome P450 2D61001
Estrogen receptor0437
Progesterone receptor0639
Androgen receptor0549
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Estrogen receptor beta0336
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20112
Transporter0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0101
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Beta-glucuronidase0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10112
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10112
Spike glycoprotein6006
High mobility group protein B10001
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 20112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Hsf1 protein0011
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
Carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20303
Albumin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0303
Glutamate receptor 25005
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
Fumarate hydratase2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
polyprotein2002
Cytochrome P450 1440022
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0022
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0022
Estrogen receptor beta0101
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0202
Cytochrome P450 26A10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Bile salt export pump0101
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Camphor 5-monooxygenase0001
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Beta-lactamase0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Epoxide hydrolase 10001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Cytochrome P450 2A20101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Translocator protein0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 7A1 0101
Estrogen receptor0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Substance-K receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Histamine H2 receptor0404
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor0112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 4F20101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0202
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0213
Cytochrome P450 7A10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase 0202
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
interleukin 81001
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
PINK11001
Parkin1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)1001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Androgen receptor0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Alpha-synuclein1001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0022
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
caspase-31001
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0022
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0022
Ataxin-22002
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0022
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
Smad31001
67.9K protein1001
Histone H2A.x1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Vpr1001
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0213
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]