Page last updated: 2024-10-14

Ala-Lys

Description

Ala-Lys : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the alpha-amino group of L-lysine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID7016106
CHEMBL ID191057
CHEBI ID132403
SCHEMBL ID1711244

Synonyms (19)

Synonym
alanyl-lysine
l-alanyl-l-lysine
alanyllysine
CHEBI:132403
l-ala-l-lys
ala-lys
(s)-6-amino-2-((s)-2-amino-propionylamino)-hexanoic acid
6-amino-2-(2-amino-propionylamino)-hexanoic acid
bdbm50169125
CHEMBL191057 ,
6366-77-4
SCHEMBL1711244
ala-lys-oh
(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
DTXSID30426799
a-k dipeptide
ak dipeptide
alanine-lysine dipeptide
alanine lysine dipeptide

Bioavailability

ExcerptReference
"The utilization of the membrane transport protein PEPT1 as a drug delivery system is a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs."( Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1.
Biegel, A; Brandsch, M; Gebauer, S; Hartrodt, B; Neubert, K; Thondorf, I, 2005
)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
marine metaboliteAny metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
dipeptideAny molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)280.00000.18000.19000.2000AID266249
Solute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki163.50000.18003.39339.8000AID238858; AID678827
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)280.00000.00020.660310.0000AID266249
Solute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki18.96960.79434.22108.0000AID612540; AID678822
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptidoglycan transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorptionSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathwaySolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
antibacterial innate immune responseSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
brush borderSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (9)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID612540Binding affinity to human PepT2 in SKTP cells2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15
Fragmental modeling of hPepT2 and analysis of its binding features by docking studies and pharmacophore mapping.
AID266248Ratio of %GSmax to EC50 for human PEPT1 activation2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID678827TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT1-expressing HeLa cells1995Biochimica et biophysica acta, Nov-22, Volume: 1240, Issue:1
Proton/peptide cotransporter (PEPT 2) from human kidney: functional characterization and chromosomal localization.
AID678863TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake (Gly-Sar: 30 uM, Ala-Lys: 500 uM) in PEPT2-expressing SK-N-SH cells1998The American journal of physiology, 10, Volume: 275, Issue:4
Electrophysiological characteristics of the proton-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 cloned from rat brain.
AID266249Binding affinity to human PEPT1 assessed as inhibition of [14C]Gly-Sar uptake in MDCK cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID678822TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT2-expressing HeLa cells1995Biochimica et biophysica acta, Nov-22, Volume: 1240, Issue:1
Proton/peptide cotransporter (PEPT 2) from human kidney: functional characterization and chromosomal localization.
AID266246Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID238858Binding affinity against membrane transport protein PEPT1 in human Caco-2 cells2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1.
AID266247Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells relative to Gly-Sar2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's2 (40.00)18.2507
2000's2 (40.00)29.6817
2010's1 (20.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]