isoleucine transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]

Isoleucine transport is a crucial biological process that ensures the uptake and delivery of isoleucine, an essential amino acid, into cells. This process involves a series of complex molecular interactions and transport mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis and support essential metabolic functions.

The transport of isoleucine across the cell membrane is primarily mediated by specific transporter proteins, known as amino acid permeases. These permeases exhibit high selectivity for isoleucine, recognizing its specific chemical structure and facilitating its movement into the cell.

The process typically begins with the binding of isoleucine to the transporter protein on the extracellular surface of the cell membrane. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the transporter, opening a channel or pore that allows isoleucine to traverse the membrane. The movement of isoleucine across the membrane is driven by a concentration gradient, meaning that isoleucine moves from an area of high concentration outside the cell to an area of lower concentration inside the cell.

The energy required for isoleucine transport can be derived from several sources, including the electrochemical gradient of other ions, such as sodium or potassium. In some cases, the transport of isoleucine can be coupled to the movement of another molecule, such as glucose, in a process known as co-transport.

Once inside the cell, isoleucine is utilized for various essential metabolic processes, including:

* **Protein synthesis:** Isoleucine is a building block for protein synthesis, providing the amino acid residue necessary for the formation of specific protein chains.
* **Energy production:** Isoleucine can be catabolized, or broken down, to produce energy in the form of ATP through the citric acid cycle.
* **Metabolic regulation:** Isoleucine plays a role in regulating various metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of other amino acids and the regulation of glucose metabolism.

The efficient transport of isoleucine is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting essential metabolic functions. Disruptions in isoleucine transport can lead to various physiological consequences, including:

* **Growth retardation:** Inadequate isoleucine transport can limit protein synthesis and hinder growth and development.
* **Metabolic disorders:** Impaired isoleucine transport can disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to imbalances in amino acid levels and other metabolic abnormalities.
* **Neurological disorders:** Isoleucine is an essential amino acid for brain function, and disruptions in its transport can contribute to neurological impairments.

In summary, isoleucine transport is a complex and highly regulated process that ensures the uptake and utilization of this essential amino acid for various cellular functions. The efficient transport of isoleucine is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting essential metabolic processes, including protein synthesis, energy production, and metabolic regulation.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (19)