pirodavir profile

Pirodavir is an antiviral drug currently under investigation for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. It is a potent inhibitor of the influenza virus polymerase, a key enzyme responsible for viral replication. Pirodavir’s mechanism of action is distinct from that of other influenza antivirals, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and M2 inhibitors. Pirodavir is administered orally and has demonstrated promising antiviral activity in both preclinical and clinical studies. Its development is driven by the need for new and effective influenza treatments, particularly for drug-resistant strains and to broaden the therapeutic options available to patients. Research efforts are focused on evaluating its efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage regimens.'

pirodavir: antipicornavirus agent; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	71345
CHEMBL ID	298019
SCHEMBL ID	146440
MeSH ID	M0201342

Synonym
r-77975
pirodavir (usan/inn)
D05506
pirodavir
benzoic acid, 4-(2-(1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidinyl)ethoxy)-, ethyl ester
r77975
124436-59-5
ethyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methylpyridazin-3-yl)-4-piperidyl]ethoxy]benzoate
(methylpyridazine piperidine ethyloxyphenyl)ethylacetate
pirodavir4-{2-[1-(6-methyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethoxy}-benzoic acid ethyl ester
4-{2-[1-(6-methyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethoxy}-benzoic acid ethyl ester
4-{2-[1-(6-methyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethoxy}-benzoic acid ethyl ester (pirodavir)
4-{2-[1-(6-methyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethoxy}-benzoic acid ethyl ester(pirodavir)
bdbm50087765
CHEMBL298019 ,
r 77975
DB08012
ethyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methylpyridazin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]ethoxy]benzoate
ethyl p-(2-(1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidyl)ethoxy)benzoate
ethyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-ethoxy]benzoate
pirodavirum
bml697718k ,
pirodavir [usan:inn:ban]
unii-bml697718k
pirodavirum [inn-latin]
HY-13784
CS-1348
pirodavir [mart.]
pirodavir [inn]
pirodavir [usan]
SCHEMBL146440
ethyl 4-(2-(1-(6-methylpyridazin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl)ethoxy)benzoate
ethyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy ]benzoate
KCHIOGFOPPOUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ethyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]benzoate
AKOS025117571
ethyl p-(2-(1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidyl)ethoxy) benzoate
J-005079
EX-A218
AS-73886
mfcd00866965
NCGC00378843-02
pirodavir, >=98% (hplc)
pirodavir (r 77975)
ethyl 4-{2-[1-(6-methylpyridazin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]ethoxy}benzoate
FT-0722772
Q27097239
pirodavi
A13207
benzoic acid, 4-[2-[1-(6-methyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]-, ethyl ester
AC-35837
ZEA43659
DTXSID00869699
P2665

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pirodavir is a novel capsid-binding antipicornavirus agent with potent in vitro activity against both group A and group B rhinovirus serotypes."	( In vitro activity of pirodavir (R 77975), a substituted phenoxy-pyridazinamine with broad-spectrum antipicornaviral activity. Andries, K; Dewindt, B; Janssen, PA; Snoeks, J; Stokbroekx, R; van Eemeren, K; Willebrords, R, 1992)	1.32
"Pirodavir (R77975) is a capsid-binding, antipicornaviral agent with in vitro activity against most rhinovirus (RV) serotypes. "	( Safety and efficacy of intranasal pirodavir (R77975) in experimental rhinovirus infection. Andries, K; Hayden, FG; Janssen, PA, 1992)	2.01

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" We have developed orally bioavailable pyridazinyl oxime ethers that are as potent as pirodavir."	( In vitro activity of expanded-spectrum pyridazinyl oxime ethers related to pirodavir: novel capsid-binding inhibitors with potent antipicornavirus activity. Barnard, DL; Hubbard, VD; Reece, PA; Sidwell, RW; Smee, DF; Tucker, SP; Watson, KG, 2004)	0.78
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" One 2-pyridone-containing 3CP inhibitor is shown to be bioavailable in the dog after oral dosing (F = 48%)."	( Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 6. Structure-activity studies of orally bioavailable, 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetics. Batugo, MR; Brown, EL; Chen, L; Dragovich, PS; Ferre, RA; Fuhrman, SA; Gleeson, JP; Guzman, MC; Hendrickson, TF; Kosa, MB; Lee, CA; Liu, B; Maldonado, FC; Matthews, DA; Meador, JW; Patick, AK; Prins, TJ; Sakata, SK; Tuntland, T; Worland, ST; Zalman, LS; Zhou, R, 2002)	0.31

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8370	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Genome polyprotein	Human rhinovirus sp.	EC50 (µMol)	0.4400	0.0050	0.0932	0.4400	AID161553
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (106)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID84574	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 70	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID1698656	Selectivity index, ratio for CC50 of monkey Vero 76 cells to EC50 for Enterovirus 71 Tainin/4643/98 by neutral red uptake assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID673877	Ratio of EC50 for Human rhinovirus B to EC50 for Human rhinovirus A	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID79746	Antiviral activity using H1HeLa cells (ATCC) infected with HRV-14 (range)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-04, Volume: 43, Issue:9	Substituted benzamide inhibitors of human rhinovirus 3C protease: structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
AID673872	Antirhinoviral activity against Human rhinovirus B infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1181412	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 14 assessed as reduction in virus yield at 5 ug/ml added 4 to 5 hrs after infection by agar plaque assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID1528509	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus A 71 BrCr infected in human RD cells assessed as reduction in viral RNA level at 20 uM administered at onset of infection measured 8 hrs post-infection by RT-qPCR analysis relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1	Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors.
AID161553	Inhibition of HRV Protease 3CP (serotype 14).	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 45, Issue:8	Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 6. Structure-activity studies of orally bioavailable, 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetics.
AID622587	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 16 infected in human HeLa Ohio cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by CellTiter-Glo assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 21, Issue:20	Effect of lipophilicity modulation on inhibition of human rhinovirus capsid binders.
AID1698655	Cytotoxicity against monkey Vero 76 cells by neutral red uptake assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID246098	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 15 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1883320	Cytotoxicity against human RD cells assessed as cell viability measured after 5 days by MTS assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Organotropic dendrons with high potency as HIV-1, HIV-2 and EV-A71 cell entry inhibitors.
AID246105	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 63 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID252128	Percent inhibition of HRV strains at a concentration of 0.064 ug/mL; no. of strains=100	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1917970	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus-D68 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in virus induced cytopathic effect incubated for 4 hrs by plaque reduction assay
AID673878	Ratio of EC50 for antiviral-resistant Human rhinovirus B to EC50 for antiviral-resistant Human rhinovirus A	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID246083	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 2 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID246106	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 70 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID161529	cytotoxicity against HRV Protease 3CP (serotype 14)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 45, Issue:8	Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 6. Structure-activity studies of orally bioavailable, 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetics.
AID84744	Anti-HRV activity against HRV-14 strain	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84577	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 86	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84569	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 39	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID346793	Antiviral activity against HRV14 in human KB cells assessed as cytopathic effect by visual assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID246103	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 51 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID346791	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID246101	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 39 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID246102	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 45 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID84566	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 16	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID105845	Cellular toxicity in MRC-5 cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84571	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 51	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID1698651	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 Tainin/4643/98 infected in Vero 76 cells assessed as reduction in virus yield incubated for 72 hrs by visual inspection method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID84576	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 85	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84572	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 59	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246109	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 86 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1812625	Cytotoxicity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 3 days by MTS/PMS assay
AID1698654	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 Tainin/4643/98 infected in Vero 76 cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 72 hrs by neutral red uptake assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID673876	Antirhinoviral activity against minor receptor-resistant Human rhinovirus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID673874	Antirhinoviral activity against antiviral-resistant Human rhinovirus B infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID95482	Cellular toxicity in KB cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID1573996	Antiviral activity against Poliovirus Sabin 1 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining-based assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-24, Volume: 62, Issue:2	In Vitro Antiviral Activity of New Oxazoline Derivatives as Potent Poliovirus Inhibitors.
AID673871	Antirhinoviral activity against Human rhinovirus A infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1883323	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human RD cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against EV-A71	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Organotropic dendrons with high potency as HIV-1, HIV-2 and EV-A71 cell entry inhibitors.
AID1528507	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus A 71 BrCr infected in human RD cells assessed as reduction in viral RNA level at 20 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by viral infection and measured 8 hrs post-infection by RT-qPCR analysis relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1	Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors.
AID84908	Anti-HRV activity against HRV-2 strain	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84575	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 72	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246104	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 59 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID79748	Antiviral activity measured as minimal inhibitory concentration using H1HeLa cells (ATCC) infected with HRV-14	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-04, Volume: 43, Issue:9	Substituted benzamide inhibitors of human rhinovirus 3C protease: structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
AID346792	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human KB cells to EC50 for HRV2 by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID346789	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human KB cells to EC50 for HRV2 by visual assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID673875	Antirhinoviral activity against major receptor-resistant Human rhinovirus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID246110	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 89 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID84573	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 63	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84570	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 45	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID568502	Antiviral activity against HRV-14	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Pharmacophore-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel chloro-pyridazine piperazines as human rhinovirus (HRV-3) inhibitors.
AID673869	Antirhinoviral activity against Human rhinovirus 2 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1528489	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus A 71 BrCr infected in human RD cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect preincubated for 1 day followed by viral infection and measured after 3 days by MTS/PMS method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1	Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors.
AID246084	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 9 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID346795	Antiviral activity against HRV14 in human KB cells assessed as cytopathic effect by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID84564	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 14	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID1181407	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 14 assessed as reduction in virus yield after 24 to 36 hrs by agar plaque assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID673870	Antirhinoviral activity against Human rhinovirus 14 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1812626	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human RD cells to EC50 for antiviral activity against Enterovirus A71 infected in human RD cells
AID1181411	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 14 assessed as reduction in virus yield at 5 ug/ml added within 3 hrs after infection by agar plaque assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID84567	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 2	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246060	Median effective concentration against HRV serotypes; Number of serotypes 16	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID622588	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 14 infected in human HeLa Ohio cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by CellTiter-Glo assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 21, Issue:20	Effect of lipophilicity modulation on inhibition of human rhinovirus capsid binders.
AID346794	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human KB cells to EC50 for HRV14 by visual assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID1573997	Antiviral activity against Poliovirus Sabin 2 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining-based assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-24, Volume: 62, Issue:2	In Vitro Antiviral Activity of New Oxazoline Derivatives as Potent Poliovirus Inhibitors.
AID84568	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 29	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID346787	Antiviral activity against HRV2 in human KB cells assessed as cytopathic effect by visual assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID1528490	Cytotoxicity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTS/PMS assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1	Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors.
AID246100	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 29 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1883321	Antiviral activity against EV-A71 infected in RD cells assessed as protection against virus induced cytopatheic effect measured after 5 days by MTS assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Organotropic dendrons with high potency as HIV-1, HIV-2 and EV-A71 cell entry inhibitors.
AID84579	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 9	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID346796	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human KB cells to EC50 for HRV14 by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID1573998	Antiviral activity against Poliovirus Sabin 3 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining-based assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-24, Volume: 62, Issue:2	In Vitro Antiviral Activity of New Oxazoline Derivatives as Potent Poliovirus Inhibitors.
AID622589	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 2 infected in human HeLa Ohio cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by CellTiter-Glo assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 21, Issue:20	Effect of lipophilicity modulation on inhibition of human rhinovirus capsid binders.
AID246099	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 16 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID95483	Cellular toxicity against KB cells in HRV-14 strain	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246107	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 72 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1181409	Antiviral activity against Human rhinovirus 39 assessed as reduction in virus yield after 24 to 36 hrs by agar plaque assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID673873	Antirhinoviral activity against antiviral-resistant Human rhinovirus A infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1181410	Protective index, ratio of CD50 for human HeLa cells to ID50 for Human rhinovirus 39	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID1181406	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID84890	Anti-HRV activity against HRV-1A strain	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246097	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 14 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID1181408	Protective index, ratio of CD50 for human HeLa cells to ID50 for Human rhinovirus 14	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Synthesis of new compounds with promising antiviral properties against group A and B Human Rhinoviruses.
AID163808	Inhibitory activity against human rhinovirus-14 3C protease; Not applicable	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21	Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 8. Pharmacological optimization of orally bioavailable 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetics.
AID84578	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 89	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID673879	Ratio of EC50 for major receptor-resistant Human rhinovirus B to EC50 for minor receptor-resistant Human rhinovirus A	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-12, Volume: 3, Issue:4	An Orally Available 3-Ethoxybenzisoxazole Capsid Binder with Clinical Activity against Human Rhinovirus.
AID1503729	Inhibition of Human rhinovirus serotype 39 capsid infected in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect at 5 ug/ml treated with virus inoculum measured after 24 to 36 hrs relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 10-27, Volume: 80, Issue:10	Phenylpropenoids from Bupleurum fruticosum as Anti-Human Rhinovirus Species A Selective Capsid Binders.
AID1698652	Cytotoxicity against monkey Vero 76 cells by microscopic analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID1698653	Selectivity index, ratio for CC50 of monkey Vero 76 cells to EC50 for Enterovirus 71 Tainin/4643/98 by visual inspection method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.
AID346788	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by visual assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID1528491	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human RD cells to EC50 for Enterovirus A71 BrCr infected in human RD cells	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-09, Volume: 63, Issue:1	Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors.
AID84580	Percent inhibition of 100 HRV strains by the compound at a concentration of 0.064 ug/ml	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID84565	Anti-HRV activity against HRV serotype 15	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue:15	An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.
AID246108	Effective concentration against HRV serotype 85 (assay was run at least six times)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	2-Ethoxybenzoxazole as a bioisosteric replacement of an ethyl benzoate group in a human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid binder.
AID346790	Antiviral activity against HRV2 in human KB cells assessed as cytopathic effect by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Synthesis and evaluation of novel chloropyridazine derivatives as potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitors.
AID1812623	Antiviral activity against Enterovirus A71 BrCr infected in human RD cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 3 days by MTS/PMS assay
AID84559	In vitro antirhinoviral activity against human rhinovirus 25, inactive at 10 uM	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21	Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 8. Pharmacological optimization of orally bioavailable 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetics.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	8 (18.60)	18.2507
2000's	11 (25.58)	29.6817
2010's	17 (39.53)	24.3611
2020's	7 (16.28)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (4.65%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (2.33%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	40 (93.02%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.1	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sch-48973 [no description available]	2.21	1	0
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	3.93	12	0
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.05	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.1	1	0	alkylamine
uridine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.5	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.1	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.5	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.1	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.5	2	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.03	4	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	diazine; pyridazines
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.93	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.42	2	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.25	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.13	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3-deazaguanine 3-deazaguanine: structure	2.13	1	0
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	3.1	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	3.1	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
corydaline [no description available]	2.15	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
r 61837 R 61837: antirhinovirus cpd; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
win 56291 Win 56291: anti-rhinoviral drug; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
r 78206 R 78206: stabilizer of poliovirus virions & procapsids; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
mk 0608 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine: an antiviral agent	2.1	1	0
pradimicin a pradimicin A: from actinomycete strain No. P157-2; has inhibitory effect against HIV in vitro; structure given in first source. pradimicin A : A member of the class of pradimicins that is isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura hibisca No. P157-2 (ATCC 53557).	2.72	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic acid; disaccharide derivative; L-alanine derivative; p-quinones; polyphenol; pradimicin; secondary alcohol
viroxime [no description available]	3	4	0
rupintrivir rupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor	2.78	3	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	3.03	4	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	8.55	25	2
guanine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	4.87	4	2
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	4.87	4	2
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	2.58	2	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.1	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.13	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.05	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.05	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Microbial Superinvasion [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.92	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.92	1	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	2.92	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	2.92	1	0

pirodavir

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (54)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

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Other Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (106)

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Studies (43)

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Research Demand Index: 21.50

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pirodavir

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (54)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (106)

Research

Studies (43)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.50

Study Types

Related Drugs (32)

Related Conditions (21)