Encephalopathy, Kuru

A prion disease found exclusively among the Fore linguistic group natives of the highlands of NEW GUINEA. The illness is primarily restricted to adult females and children of both sexes. It is marked by the subacute onset of tremor and ataxia followed by motor weakness and incontinence. Death occurs within 3-6 months of disease onset. The condition is associated with ritual cannibalism, and has become rare since this practice has been discontinued. Pathologic features include a noninflammatory loss of neurons that is most prominent in the cerebellum, glial proliferation, and amyloid plaques. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p773)

Synonym
Encephalopathy, Kuru
Kuru
Kuru Encephalopathy

Excerpt	Reference
"Kuru is an acquired prion disease largely restricted to the Fore linguistic group of the Papua New Guinea Highlands, which was transmitted during endocannibalistic feasts."	( Alpers, M; Beck, JA; Campbell, T; Collinge, J; Fisher, EM; Goldstein, D; Mead, S; Poulter, M; Stumpf, MP; Uphill, JB; Whitfield, J, 2003)
"Kuru is a subacute neurodegenerative disease presenting with limb ataxia, dysarthria, and a shivering tremor."	( Cervenakova, L; Gajdusek, DC; Goldfarb, LG, 2004)

Excerpt	Reference
"Kuru has emerged at the beginning of the 1900s in a small indigenous population of New-Guinean Eastern Highlands, reached epidemic proportions in the mid-1950s and disappeared progressively in the latter half of the century to complete absence at the end of the 1990s."	( Cervenakova, L; Gajdusek, DC; Goldfarb, LG, 2004)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	22 (64.71)	23.3326
1990's	3 (8.82)	12.5806
2000's	7 (20.59)	18.1394
2010's	1 (2.94)	28.8240
2020's	1 (2.94)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies
formic acid	low	1
chlorine	low	1
hydrochloric acid	low	1
phenytoin	low	1
isoniazid	low	1
metyrapone	low	1
thymidine	low	1
methionine	low	7
histidine	low	1
valine	low	3
cuprizone	low	1
hematoxylin	low	1
eosine yellowish-(ys)	low	1
streptomycin	low	1
4-methoxyamphetamine	low	1
fomesafen	low	1
pica	low	1
amphotericin b	low	1
triethyltin	low	1
alpha-synuclein	low	1
sodium ethylxanthate	low	2

Protein Targets (320)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	2	1	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	0	1	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	0	1	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	0	0	1	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain B, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Cruzipain	1	0	0	1
interleukin 8	1	0	0	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	3	0	0	3
GLS protein	3	0	0	3
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	2	0	0	2
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	2	0	0	2
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	5	0	0	5
tumor necrosis factor	1	0	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	5	0	0	5
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
lamin isoform A-delta10	3	0	0	3
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	3	0	3
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	3	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	3	0	3
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	1	0	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	2	0	2
Aurora kinase B	0	1	0	1
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	2	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	2	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	1	0	2
Luciferase	4	0	0	4
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
progesterone receptor	2	0	0	2
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	3	0	0	3
pregnane X nuclear receptor	3	0	0	3
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	3	0	0	3
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	2	0	0	2
Histone H2A.x	2	0	0	2
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	3	0	0	3
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	2	0	0	2
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	2	0	0	2
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS5	0	1	0	1
thioredoxin reductase	3	0	0	3
15-lipoxygenase, partial	1	0	0	1
WRN	1	0	0	1
Mcl-1	0	1	0	1
MPI protein	0	1	0	1
USP1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)	0	0	0	1
PPM1D protein	1	0	0	1
TDP1 protein	2	0	0	2
Microtubule-associated protein tau	2	0	0	2
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	0	0	1	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	1	0	0	1
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	1	0	0	1
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	3	0	0	3
hypothetical protein, conserved	1	0	0	1
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	3	0	0	3
G	2	0	0	2
67.9K protein	2	0	0	2
glucocerebrosidase	1	0	0	1
luciferase	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	2	0	0	2
pyruvate kinase	1	0	0	1
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase	0	1	0	1
CDK5	0	0	0	1
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	5	0	0	5
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a	1	0	0	1
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	1	0	0	1
major prion protein preproprotein Prp precursor	0	1	0	1
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein	0	0	1	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	1	0	0	1
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	1	0	0	1
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b	0	1	0	1
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor	0	0	1	1
chromobox protein homolog 1	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	1	0	0	1
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	3	0	0	3
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I	1	0	0	1
geminin	3	0	0	3
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Vif	0	1	0	1
Tat	0	1	0	1
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	3	0	0	3
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	0	1	0	1
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein	0	0	1	1
endoribonuclease toxin MazF	0	0	1	1
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	4	1	0	5
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	1	0	0	1
Interferon beta	2	0	0	2
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	2	0	0	2
Integrin beta-3	1	0	0	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	1	0	0	1
Pyruvate kinase PKM	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	4	1	0	5
Endothelin receptor type B	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	4	1	0	5
Endothelin-1 receptor	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	4	1	0	5
Histamine H2 receptor	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	4	1	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	4	1	0	5
Inositol monophosphatase 1	2	0	0	2
GABA theta subunit	4	1	0	5
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	4	1	0	5
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	2	0	0	2
phosphoglycerate kinase	1	0	0	1
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CA	0	0	0	1
H3 histone acetyltransferase	0	0	0	1
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	1	0	0	1
large T antigen	0	1	0	1
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
ATAD5 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	0	0	1
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	0	0	1
Histidine-binding periplasmic protein	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	1	0	2
Adenosine receptor A1	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	0	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	3	0	3
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	1	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family	0	1	0	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	2	0	0	2
GLI family zinc finger 3	4	0	0	4
AR protein	4	0	0	4
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	3	0	0	3
EWS/FLI fusion protein	1	0	0	1
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	3	0	0	3
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3	0	1	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	2	0	0	2
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	1	0	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	1	0	1
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase	0	1	0	1
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	1	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	2	0	2
Bile salt export pump	0	3	0	3
Myeloperoxidase	0	1	0	1
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase	0	1	0	1
DNA gyrase subunit A	0	1	0	1
DNA gyrase subunit B	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C8	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2A6	0	1	0	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	0	1	0	1
Endonuclease III-like protein 1	0	1	0	1
DNA gyrase subunit B	0	1	0	1
DNA gyrase subunit A	0	1	0	1
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	0	1	0	3
Pantothenate synthetase	0	1	0	1
Isocitrate lyase	0	1	0	1
Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA	0	1	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	1	0	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Endonuclease 8-like 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase	0	1	0	1
Adenylate cyclase type 5	0	0	0	1
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1	0	0	0	1
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2	0	0	0	1
Fatty acid synthase	0	1	0	1
GALC protein	1	0	0	1
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase	0	1	0	1
Aromatase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	0	1	0	1
endonuclease IV	1	0	0	1
arylsulfatase A	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	1	0	0	1
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3	1	0	0	1
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	1	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	0	1
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	1	0	0	1
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	1	0	0	1
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	1	0	0	1
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein beta-1	1	0	0	1
Protein-arginine deiminase type-4	0	2	0	2
Thymidine kinase	0	1	0	2
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic	0	2	0	4
Thymidine kinase	0	1	0	2
Thymidylate synthase	0	0	0	1
Thymidine phosphorylase	0	0	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	1	0	1
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	0	1	0	1
Thymidine phosphorylase	0	0	0	1
Thymidylate kinase	0	1	0	1
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic	0	0	0	2
Thymidine kinase	0	0	0	1
Thymidylate kinase	0	1	0	1
Thymidine kinase	0	1	0	2
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Thymidine kinase	0	0	0	1
Thymidine kinase	0	0	0	1
Chain A, Arginase 1	0	1	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(3)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Research

Studies (34)

Protein Targets (320)

Encephalopathy, Kuru

Synonyms(3)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Research

Studies (34)

Drugs Studied (29)

Protein Targets (320)