| Compound | Description |
|---|
| pyruvic acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| l-lactic acid | |
| lysine | An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. |
| tyrosine | A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin. |
| methionine | A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions. |
| phenylalanine | An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. |
| ornithine | An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. |
| valine | A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. |
| arginine | An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer | |
| glycerol | A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. |
| hypoxanthine | A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway. |
| glycochenodeoxycholic acid | A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic. |
| hippuric acid | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591 |
| histidine | An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE. |
| isoleucine | An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels. |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid | BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver. |
| glycocholic acid | The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. |
| malic acid | |
| taurochenodeoxycholic acid | A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. |
| citrulline | |