Compounds > 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine

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Description

3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AZT) is a nucleoside analog that was the first drug approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It was synthesized in 1964 by scientists at the Institute of Organic Chemistry in Moscow, Russia. AZT inhibits the activity of HIV reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that is essential for the virus to replicate. AZT works by mimicking the structure of thymidine, a natural nucleoside that is incorporated into viral DNA. When AZT is incorporated into viral DNA, it prevents the virus from replicating further. AZT is a very effective treatment for HIV/AIDS, but it can also have significant side effects, including bone marrow suppression, anemia, and liver problems. AZT is still widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, but it is now often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. The study of AZT has led to the development of many other antiretroviral drugs, and it has been instrumental in improving the lives of millions of people with HIV/AIDS.'

3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID55262
CHEMBL ID591804
SCHEMBL ID15531699
MeSH IDM0163839
PubMed CID3908006
MeSH IDM0163839

Synonyms (37)

Synonym
uridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy- and jps-783
nsc-380882
azdu
azddu & gm-csf
uridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-
1-[(2r,4s,5s)-4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
azddu
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine & granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
cs-87
inchi=1/c9h11n5o4/c10-13-12-5-3-8(18-6(5)4-15)14-2-1-7(16)11-9(14)17/h1-2,5-6,8,15h,3-4h2,(h,11,16,17)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1
zsnnbspefviuds-shyzeuofsa-
CHEMBL591804
navuridine
1-[(2r,4s,5s)-4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
azurd
unii-ps28w65479
navuridine [inn]
ps28w65479 ,
navuridine [mart.]
3'-azido-2',3'dideoxyuridine
ZSNNBSPEFVIUDS-SHYZEUOFSA-N
SCHEMBL15531699
1-(3-azido-2,3-dideoxypentofuranosyl)-4-hydroxypyrimidin-2(1h)-one
DTXSID901004737
mfcd00870324
1-((2r*,4s*,5s*)-4-azido-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
cs87
Q27286725
MS-23568
A855471
1-((2r,4s,5s)-4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione
AKOS040744855
uridine,3'-dideoxy-
84472-85-5
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
1-[4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
HMS3371J13

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" As an initial step in predicting human brain drug concentrations, hybrid pharmacokinetic models were developed to characterize the disposition of anti-HIV nucleosides following parent and prodrug administrations in mice."( Hybrid pharmacokinetic models to describe anti-HIV nucleoside brain disposition following parent and prodrug administration in mice.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Doshi, KJ; Etse, JT; Gallo, JM, 1991)		0.28
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of t1/2, CIt, and Vss were similar for both compounds at each dose; however, CIt and Vss decreased at the higher dose, indicating a dose dependency."( Comparative pharmacokinetics of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AZddU) in mice.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Doshi, KJ; Gallo, JM; Schinazi, RF, )		0.13
" However, the compound exhibits a relatively short half-life and incomplete oral bioavailability in humans."( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-O-valinate-hydrochloride as a prodrug of the anti-HIV nucleoside 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Cooperwood, JS; Huang, SH; Kong, L, 2003)		0.32

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" time curve (AUC) obtained from the serum concentration data were similar for both compounds after intravenous and intraperitoneal administrations; however, a difference in oral bioavailability for AZT and AZdU (49% and 76%, respectively) was noted."( Lymphatic distribution of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine in mice.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Fedorov, II; Manouilov, KK; White, CA, 1995)		0.29
" However, the compound exhibits a relatively short half-life and incomplete oral bioavailability in humans."( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-O-valinate-hydrochloride as a prodrug of the anti-HIV nucleoside 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Cooperwood, JS; Huang, SH; Kong, L, 2003)		0.32

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hr after dosing and nucleoside concentrations were determined by HPLC."( Lymphatic distribution of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine in mice.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Fedorov, II; Manouilov, KK; White, CA, 1995)		0.29
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (34)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID125177In vitro inhibitory activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MULV) replication, a mammalian T-lymphotropic retrovirus1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Synthesis and antiviral activity of various 3'-azido, 3'-amino, 2',3'-unsaturated, and 2',3'-dideoxy analogues of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides against retroviruses.
AID24310Time taken to decrease plasma concentration to half of its initial concentration after iv administration1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Nucleoside conjugates. 15. Synthesis and biological activity of anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates of ether and thioether phospholipids.
AID235704Selectivity index of CD50 to ED50 of MT-4 cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID98522Ability to effect the replication of L1210 cells in vitro; IN-Inactive1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside.
AID210869Inhibitory activity against thymidine kinase (TK) from L1210 cells1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 26, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological activity of various 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of 5-substituted pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides.
AID14573Pharmacokinetic parameter AUC in mice following a single dose intravenous administration of the compound1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9
Nucleoside conjugates. 15. Synthesis and biological activity of anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates of ether and thioether phospholipids.
AID98047In vitro inhibition against replication of L1210 murine cells; inactive1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 26, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological activity of various 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of 5-substituted pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides.
AID104310Effective dose achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID106768Cytotoxic dose required to reduce the viability of normal uninfected MT-4 cells by 50%1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyribo-5-chloropyrimidine analogues: reduced toxicity of 5-chlorinated 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.
AID13511AUC in brain1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Brain targeting of anti-HIV nucleosides: synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies of dihydropyridine derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
AID452270Cytotoxicity against human PBMC after 5 days2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
AID45016Concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of viral replication of human immunodeficiency virus in CEM-F cells1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID45017Concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of host cell replication of human immunodeficiency virus in CEM-F cells1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID13512AUC in serum1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Brain targeting of anti-HIV nucleosides: synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies of dihydropyridine derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
AID25126Half life of the compound1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Brain targeting of anti-HIV nucleosides: synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies of dihydropyridine derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
AID23323Relative brain exposure of the compound1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Brain targeting of anti-HIV nucleosides: synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies of dihydropyridine derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
AID452269Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human PBM cells after 5 days2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
AID235875Ratio of CD50 to ED50 rvaluated for inhibition of HIV replication in MT-4 cells1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10
Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of different sugar-modified pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.
AID154964Antiviral activity against HIV I strain (LAV) in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells; Range is 0.18 - 0.461989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 32, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral agents for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AID56582Inhibitory activity against deoxycytidine kinase from L1210 cells1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 26, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological activity of various 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of 5-substituted pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides.
AID81438Dose required to inhibit cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus replication in MT-4 cells.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10
Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of different sugar-modified pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.
AID125176Antiviral activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 32, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral agents for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AID81069Cytotoxic dose required to reduce the viability of normal uninfected MT-4 cells.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10
Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of different sugar-modified pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.
AID201886In vitro inhibition against replication of Sarcoma-80 cells; inactive1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 26, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological activity of various 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of 5-substituted pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides.
AID163315Concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of viral replication of Rauscher-Murine leukemia virus1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID152616In vitro anti-HIV activity was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Brain targeting of anti-HIV nucleosides: synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies of dihydropyridine derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
AID152642Cytotoxic effect in uninfected human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 32, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral agents for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AID152633Antiviral activity against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 32, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral agents for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AID230271Ratio of TICD50 to that of IC50 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID163316Concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of host cell replication of Rauscher-Murine leukemia virus1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID81411Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 31, Issue:2
Synthesis and antiviral activity of various 3'-azido analogues of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HTLV-III/LAV).
AID230269Ratio of TICD50 to that of IC50 of Rauscher-Murine leukemia virus (R-MuLv)1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8
Synthesis and antiviral activity of several 2,5'-anhydro analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-halouridines, and 3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus and Rauscher-murine leukemia
AID452272Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 5 days2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
AID452271Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 5 days2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (26)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199010 (38.46)18.7374
1990's12 (46.15)18.2507
2000's3 (11.54)29.6817
2010's1 (3.85)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.48 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.08 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Reviews1 (5.88%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other11 (100.00%)84.16%
Other16 (94.12%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
idoxuridine
[no description available]		1.9610organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
cordycepin
[no description available]		1.97103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		1.9610pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		1.9710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.6630dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.3720pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
alovudine
[no description available]		1.9710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		3.68100azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2',3'-dideoxycytidinene
2',3'-dideoxycytidinene: 2',3'-unsaturated derivative of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine; potent inhibitor of HTLV-III in vitro; structure given in first source		2.3720
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-bromouridine
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-bromouridine: a potent, selective inhibitor of HIV replication; a weak competitive inhibitor of thymidylate kinase		2.8840
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine: inhibits reproduction of AIDS virus in cultured cells		3.0650
2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		2.6630
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.6630
2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.3720pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxythymidine
5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3720
3'-azido-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside
3'-azido-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside: structure given in first source		2.0510
adenosine 2',3'-ribo-epoxide
adenosine 2',3'-ribo-epoxide: structure		1.9710
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.3620
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		2.6630
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source; a major metabolite of the antiviral agent, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine		2.6630
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		1.9710
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.420
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.3570
raluridine
raluridine: inhibitor of HIV; structure given in first source		1.9710
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source		1.9710
(2R,3S,5S)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxolanol
[no description available]		1.97103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		1.9710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
adenine
[no description available]		3.07106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		1.9910pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		3.0710piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
thymidine
[no description available]		1.9810pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		1.9710C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
valine
L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.		2.0110L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		6.9810pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.		1.9810UDP-D-glucuronic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.4820dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.4820pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		1.9810pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.22160azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.07106-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine: inhibits reproduction of AIDS virus in cultured cells		1.9810
1-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-6-(phenylthio)thymine
1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylsulfanyl)thymine : A pyrimidone that is thymine which is substituted at positions 1 and 6 by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl group and a phenylsulfanyl group, respectively.		1.9910aryl sulfide;
primary alcohol;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		1.9710
2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		1.9710
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase		1.9710
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source; a major metabolite of the antiviral agent, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine		1.9810
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine
[no description available]		6.9710
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		3.0710divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
5'-(1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine
5'-(1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine: structure given in first source		1.9710
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.3820
nadp
[no description available]		1.9810
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		1.9710morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		3.0710purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		04.68110
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.6630
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		01.9610
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9610
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		0210
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8910
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		02.8910