Clonorchiasis

Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Synonym
Clonorchis Infection
Clonorchis sinensis Infection
Opisthorchis sinensis Infection
Clonorchiasis

Excerpt	Reference
"Clonorchiasis is endemic in South East Asia."	( Cheng, AF; Ip, M; Leung, N, 1995)
"In Korea, Clonorchis sinensis infection is still highly prevalent because case detection in the field is difficult and the detected cases used to be incompletely cured due to treatment failure."	( Choi, BI; Choi, MH; Hong, ST; Lee, M; Lee, SH; Seo, M; Sim, JS; Yoon, K; Yun, CK, 1998)
"Since clonorchiasis is endemic in most river basins, praziquantel has been widely used for 30 years in Korea."	( Hong, ST; Lee, JM; Lim, HS, 2011)
"Clonorchiasis is of considerable public health importance, particularly in the People's Republic of China (PR China), where most of the 15 million individuals infected with Clonorchis sinensis are currently concentrated."	( Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)
"Clonorchiasis is a globally important, neglected food-borne disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C."	( Bian, M; Chen, T; Chen, X; He, L; Huang, Y; Li, S; Li, X; Liang, C; Liang, P; Ling, J; Mao, Q; Qu, H; Ren, M; Wang, X; Yu, X, 2014)
"Clonorchiasis is the common parasitic infection in the general population of the Republic of Korea, however, taeniasis is scarcely reported recently."	( Jung, JS; Kim, SH; Nam, KI; Park, KH; Shin, JH; Won, EJ, 2019)
"Clonorchiasis is an important food-borne parasitic disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection."	( Fang, YY; He, YT; Huang, XH; Lai, YS; Li, LD; Luo, L; Zeng, QS, 2022)
"Clonorchiasis is an important foodborne parasitic disease."	( Ding, J; Duan, S; Gao, Y; Han, S; Hu, X; Jiang, X; Li, X; Sun, B; Zhang, X, 2022)
"Clonorchiasis is an important foodborne parasitic disease."	( Ding, J; Duan, S; Gao, Y; Han, S; Hu, X; Jiang, X; Li, X; Sun, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
"Seventy patients with clonorchis sinensis infection were divided randomly into two groups and treated with levo-praziquantel and praziquantel in the same dosage of 12."	( Liu, YH; Wang, XG; Yan, XH, 1992)
"A study on mass treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections with praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) was performed in order to find out the most effective and convenient administration scheme of this drug."	( Lee, SH, 1984)
"In Korea, Clonorchis sinensis infection is still highly prevalent because case detection in the field is difficult and the detected cases used to be incompletely cured due to treatment failure."	( Choi, BI; Choi, MH; Hong, ST; Lee, M; Lee, SH; Seo, M; Sim, JS; Yoon, K; Yun, CK, 1998)
"The first choice for treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections is praziquantel."	( Chau, L; De, N; Kager, PA; Tinga, N; Toan, ND; Vien, HV; Vries, PJ, 1999)
"Thirty-four clonorchiasis patients treated with praziquantel 25 mg/kg/day for three days showed a cure rate in 30 days of 97."	( Anantaphruti, MT; De, NV; Fungladda, W; Imamee, N; Nontasut, P; Thong, TV; Waikagul, J, 2003)
"Of the 84 Clonorchiasis sinensis-infected patients enrolled, 58 were treated with ENBD (as observing group, ENBD group), 26 received operations (control group, operation group)."	( Chen, SJ; Lin, Y; Liu, XM; Liu, ZQ; Zhi, FC, 2004)
"A pilot clonorchiasis control project was implemented to evaluate the efficacies of various chemotherapy strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection in Heilongjiang Province, China."	( Cho, SY; Choi, MH; Feng, Z; Hong, ST; Ji, Z; Lee, SH; Li, Z; Park, SK; Rim, HJ; Xu, L; Yu, G, 2010)
"Chemotherapy of clonorchiasis with praziquantel (PZQ) is effective but about 15% of treated cases have been reported uncured."	( Choi, MH; Chung, BS; Hong, ST; Kim, CH; Lee, JK; Li, S, 2011)
"Any evidence of clonorchiasis, such as eggs, DNAs, or images, may lead to recommendations of chemotherapy in endemic areas."	( Fang, Y; Hong, ST, 2012)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	65 (30.37)	23.3326
1990's	36 (16.82)	12.5806
2000's	43 (20.09)	18.1394
2010's	57 (26.64)	28.8240
2020's	13 (6.07)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
adenine	low	1	0
ammonium hydroxide	low	1	0
quinacrine	low	1	0
benzene	low	1	0
carbamates	low	1	0
formaldehyde	low	1	0
iodine	low	1	0
nitrates	low	1	0
nitrites	low	2	0
toluene	low	1	0
albendazole	medium	15	2
bithionol	low	4	0
chloroquine	low	10	0
ether	low	1	0
guaifenesin	low	1	0
hexachlorophene	low	4	0
hexylresorcinol	low	1	0
iodoquinol	low	1	0
mebendazole	medium	7	1
metronidazole	low	3	0
niclosamide	low	1	0
praziquantel	medium	113	14
iodoacetic acid	low	1	0
tinidazole	low	1	0
prednisolone	low	1	0
2-acetylaminofluorene	low	1	0
diethylnitrosamine	low	2	0
glutamine	low	2	0
cyanides	low	1	0
niridazole	low	1	0
leucine	low	1	0
dimethylnitrosamine	low	7	0
hexachloro-4-xylene	medium	8	1
valine	low	1	0
threonine	low	1	0
isoleucine	low	1	0
methylprednisolone	low	1	0
penicillanic acid	low	1	0
adamantane	low	3	0
cyanamide	low	1	0
lithocholic acid	low	1	0
limestone	low	1	0
emetine	low	2	0
dithiazanine	low	5	0
gentian violet	low	1	0
diphenylamine	medium	2	1
manganese	low	1	0
cadmium	low	1	0
tetrachloroethylene	low	2	0
amoscanate	medium	2	1
flubendazole	low	2	0
piperacillin	low	1	0
triclabendazole	low	2	0
trazodone hydrochloride	low	1	0
1,7-phenanthroline	low	1	0
artemisinin	low	1	0
artemether	low	6	0
artesunic acid	low	7	0
cyanates	low	1	0
11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid	low	1	0
biotin	low	1	0
cholic acid	low	1	0
glycogen	low	2	0
bromochloroacetic acid	low	1	0
sesquiterpenes	low	1	0
dicyclanil	low	1	0
tribendimidine	medium	14	2
bilirubin	low	2	0
lysophosphatidylcholines	low	1	0
antimony	low	5	0
barium	low	1	0
cysteine	low	1	0
dextrothyroxine	low	1	0
mefloquine	low	1	0
phosphatidylcholines	low	1	0
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination	low	1	0
interleukin-8	low	2	0
heme	low	1	0
transforming growth factor beta	low	2	0
agar	low	1	0
cyclin d1	low	1	0
exudates	low	3	0
entecavir	low	1	0
guanine	low	1	0
concanavalin a	low	1	0

Protein Targets (671)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	11	0	0	11
geminin	21	0	0	21
lamin isoform A-delta10	17	0	0	17
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	3	0	0	3
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal	0	1	1	2
Luciferase	12	0	0	12
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	19	0	0	19
AR protein	22	0	0	22
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	13	0	0	13
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	17	0	0	17
progesterone receptor	16	0	0	16
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	16	0	0	16
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	22	0	0	22
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	25	0	0	25
pregnane X nuclear receptor	22	0	0	22
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	27	0	0	27
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	13	0	0	13
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	16	0	0	16
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	6	0	0	6
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	9	0	0	9
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	19	0	0	19
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	7	0	0	7
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	16	0	0	16
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	6	0	6
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	12	0	0	12
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	2	0	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	6	0	6
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	14	1	15
Glutamate receptor 2	12	0	0	12
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	6	1	7
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	6	0	6
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	6	0	6
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	15	0	0	15
Ataxin-2	17	0	0	17
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	7	0	0	7
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	11	0	0	11
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	14	0	0	14
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	13	0	0	13
Endolysin	0	0	3	3
Acetylcholinesterase	0	5	0	5
Chain A, MTA/SAH nucleosidase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-trichosanthin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ricin A chain	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein 3	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
TDP1 protein	21	0	0	21
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	13	0	0	13
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	7	0	0	7
heat shock protein beta-1	8	0	0	8
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
snurportin-1	1	0	0	1
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein	2	0	0	2
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	19	0	19
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	0	1	0	1
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	0	1	0	1
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	8	0	0	8
Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP15	0	1	0	1
Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2	0	2	0	2
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	6	0	0	6
glp-1 receptor, partial	5	0	0	5
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	13	0	0	13
ATAD5 protein, partial	5	0	0	5
Fumarate hydratase	6	0	0	6
GLI family zinc finger 3	17	0	0	17
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	5	0	0	5
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	17	0	0	17
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	13	0	0	13
polyprotein	6	0	0	6
67.9K protein	8	0	0	8
caspase-3	5	0	0	5
IDH1	8	0	0	8
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	15	0	0	15
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	14	0	0	14
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	9	0	0	9
Histone H2A.x	10	0	0	10
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	7	0	0	7
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	5	0	0	5
chromobox protein homolog 1	6	0	0	6
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3	2	0	0	2
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	10	0	0	10
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	5	0	0	5
plasminogen precursor	5	0	0	5
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	5	0	0	5
Vif	0	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	9	0	0	9
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	9	0	0	9
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	5	0	0	5
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	1	0	0	1
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	4	0	0	4
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	13	0	13
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	13	0	13
Interferon beta	14	0	0	14
Cellular tumor antigen p53	18	0	0	18
Integrin beta-3	6	0	0	6
Integrin alpha-IIb	6	0	0	6
Methionine aminopeptidase	0	3	0	3
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	1	3	0	4
Inositol monophosphatase 1	5	0	0	5
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	12	0	12
G	8	0	0	8
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	8	0	0	8
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	8	0	0	8
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	8	0	0	8
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	8	0	0	8
USP1 protein, partial	12	0	0	12
nonstructural protein 1	8	0	0	8
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	0	2	0	2
Chain A, Integrase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Integrase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, T4 LYSOZYME	0	0	1	1
Chain A, GCN4P1	0	0	1	1
Chain B, GCN4P1	0	0	1	1
Chain C, GCN4P1	0	0	1	1
Chain A, T4 LYSOZYME	0	0	1	1
Chain A, T4 LYSOZYME	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 3C-like proteinase	0	1	0	1
pregnane X receptor	5	0	0	5
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	13	0	0	13
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	4	0	0	4
Chain A, HADH2 protein	8	0	0	8
Chain B, HADH2 protein	8	0	0	8
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	5	0	0	5
Chain A, Cruzipain	7	0	0	7
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	6	0	0	6
Microtubule-associated protein tau	9	0	0	10
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	10	0	0	10
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	9	0	0	9
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	6	0	0	6
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor	2	0	0	2
Caspase-7	4	0	0	4
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	0	2	0	3
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	0	2	0	3
Chain A, Avidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Protein (streptavidin)	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Protein (streptavidin)	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin Complex With Biotin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Circularly Permuted Core-streptavidin E51/a46	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain D, Core-streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Avidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	5	0	0	5
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	3	0	0	3
nonstructural protein 1	0	1	0	1
green fluorescent protein, partial	0	1	0	1
insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 1	0	0	1	1
Streptavidin	0	0	1	1
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta	0	0	0	1
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	3	0	0	3
interleukin 8	3	0	0	3
acetylcholinesterase	6	0	0	6
calpain II, partial	0	2	0	2
15-lipoxygenase, partial	5	0	0	5
Mcl-1	0	2	0	2
SMAD family member 2	9	0	0	9
SMAD family member 3	9	0	0	9
Estrogen receptor 1	0	2	0	2
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	8	0	0	8
envelope glycoprotein	0	2	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6	7	0	0	7
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	5	0	0	5
activating transcription factor 6	10	0	0	10
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	4	0	0	4
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	8	0	0	8
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12	4	0	0	4
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	10	0	0	10
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	10	0	0	10
estrogen receptor beta isoform 1	0	2	0	2
huntingtin isoform 2	7	0	0	7
DNA polymerase beta	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	4	0	0	4
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	7	0	0	7
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	8	0	0	8
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	4	0	0	4
lethal factor (plasmid)	10	0	0	10
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	8	0	0	8
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	3
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	5	0	0	5
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	0	0	2	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	2	0	3
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	5	0	5
Transthyretin	0	2	1	3
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	0	3	0	3
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	3	0	3
60 kDa chaperonin	0	4	0	4
Replicase polyprotein 1a	0	4	3	7
Adenosine receptor A3	0	8	0	8
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	4	0	4
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	8	0	0	8
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	8	0	8
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	8	1	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	8	0	0	8
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	12	1	13
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	8	0	0	8
Substance-K receptor	0	6	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	8	0	0	8
Thromboxane-A synthase	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	8	0	0	8
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	2	0	2
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	6	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	8	0	0	8
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	4	0	4
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	6	0	6
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	8	0	8
Histamine H2 receptor	6	0	1	7
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	8	0	0	8
Spike glycoprotein	9	2	3	14
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	4	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	8	0	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	8	0	0	8
Pup--protein ligase	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	4	0	4
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	1	0	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	0	3	0	3
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase	0	4	0	4
60 kDa chaperonin	0	4	0	4
10 kDa chaperonin	0	4	0	4
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2	0	1	0	1
GABA theta subunit	8	0	0	8
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	8	0	0	8
M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase	0	2	0	2
large T antigen	0	3	0	3
thioredoxin reductase	10	0	0	10
PPM1D protein	6	0	0	6
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase	0	2	0	2
Spike glycoprotein	0	2	3	5
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	2	3	5
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b	0	2	0	2
flap endonuclease 1	10	0	0	10
Transmembrane protease serine 2	0	2	3	5
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	1	0	1
DNA ligase	0	1	0	1
Riboflavin-binding protein	0	1	2	3
Major prion protein	0	0	2	2
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	1	0	1
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II	0	2	0	3
Procathepsin L	0	2	3	5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	7	0	7
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	6	0	6
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	6	0	6
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	2	3	5
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	4	3	7
Spike glycoprotein	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	5	4	9
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	6	0	6
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	0	1	0	1
DNA ligase 1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	6	0	6
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	0	0	1	1
Beta-secretase 1	0	1	0	1
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 1	0	0	1	1
MO15-related protein kinase Pfmrk	0	1	0	1
DNA ligase A	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	3	0	3
Sigma intracellular receptor 2	0	2	0	2
Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	0	2	3	5
Cysteine proteinase falcipain 2a	0	1	0	1
Cysteine proteinase falcipain 2a	0	1	0	1
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2	0	2	0	2
Phospholipase A2	0	0	1	1
Vitamin D3 receptor	0	2	3	5
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	0	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	0	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	0	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	0	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	0	1	2
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	0	1	2	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	0	1	2
Bile acid receptor	0	1	2	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	0	1	2
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	4	0	6
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	4	0	7
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	4	0	5
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	4	0	5
Carbonic anhydrase	0	3	0	4
endonuclease IV	2	0	0	2
glucocerebrosidase	2	0	0	2
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	6	0	0	6
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	4	0	0	4
ORF73	0	0	1	1
ClpP	1	0	0	1
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	1	0	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4	0	0	0	1
NS5	0	0	1	1
Parkin	4	0	0	4
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	4	0	0	4
ras-related protein Rab-9A	3	0	0	3
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	3	0	0	3
Glucose transporter	0	1	0	1
Serine hydrolase RBBP9	0	1	0	1
Hexose transporter 1	0	1	0	1
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	1	3
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	0	1	0	1
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	0	1	0	2
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1	0	1	0	2
Capsid protein	0	0	1	1
EWS/FLI fusion protein	8	0	0	8
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
beta-amyloid peptide, A beta {N-terminal} [human, cerebrospinal fluid, conditioned medium of mixed-brain cell cultures, Peptide Partial, 33 aa]	1	0	0	1
alpha synuclein, partial	1	0	0	1
hypothetical protein, conserved	1	0	0	1
luciferase	1	0	0	1
Caspase-7	3	0	0	3
tumor necrosis factor	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	3	0	0	3
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	5	0	0	5
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	0	3	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	1	0	1
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Androgen receptor	0	7	0	7
D(1A) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	1	0	0	1
Histamine H2 receptor	0	5	2	7
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	6	0	6
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	4	0	4
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	1	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	1	0	0	1
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	3	0	0	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	1	0	0	1
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1	1	1	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	1	0	0	1
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2	1	0	0	1
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	5	0	0	5
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein	0	0	1	1
GLS protein	2	0	0	2
arylsulfatase A	5	0	0	5
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	1	0	1
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	2
Amino acid transporter	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	3	0	0	3
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	0	2	0	2
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	0	0	0	1
Ricin	0	1	0	1
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase	0	0	1	1
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	0	0	1	2
Shiga toxin subunit A	0	1	0	1
Guanine deaminase	0	0	0	1
PAX8	0	0	0	2
SUMO-1	0	1	0	1
Valosin-containing protein	0	1	0	1
TSHR protein	2	0	0	2
Smad3	2	0	0	2
PINK1	3	0	0	3
heat shock protein 90	0	0	1	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 1A	0	1	0	1
galactokinase	1	0	0	1
neuropeptide Y receptor type 1	0	0	1	1
neuropeptide Y receptor type 2	0	0	1	1
small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 isoform b precursor	0	1	0	1
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	3	0	0	3
enteropeptidase precursor	1	0	0	1
fatty acid synthase	0	1	0	1
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 4	0	1	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	3	0	0	3
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2	0	0	0	3
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	1	0	0	1
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1	0	1	0	1
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 1	0	1	0	1
Vpr	2	0	0	2
4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinase	1	0	0	1
replicative DNA helicase	0	0	0	1
recombinase A	0	0	1	1
streptokinase A precursor	0	0	2	2
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD	0	1	0	1
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB	0	1	0	1
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC	0	1	0	1
POsterior Segregation	0	0	1	1
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 2	0	1	0	1
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Tissue-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor	0	0	2	2
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP	0	1	0	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	0	4	0	4
Adenosine receptor A1	1	0	0	2
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	2	0	2
Alpha-synuclein	4	0	0	4
Estrogen receptor beta	0	0	2	2
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D	0	2	0	2
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	3	0	0	3
Zinc finger protein mex-5	0	0	1	1
phosphoglycerate kinase	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein 90, putative	0	0	0	3
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CA	0	0	0	1
H3 histone acetyltransferase	0	0	0	1
BZLF2	0	1	0	1
GALC protein	5	0	0	5
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	2	0	2
Tyrosinase	0	2	0	2
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12	0	1	0	1
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)	0	0	1	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	0	0	0	2
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	4	0	0	4
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	0	0	1
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	3	4
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	1	1	2
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	2	4
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	0	1
Histamine N-methyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	0	0	1
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	0	0	1
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	0	2
Carboxylic ester hydrolase	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	2	3
Genome polyprotein	0	1	0	1
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	0	2	0	2
Toll-like receptor 9	0	1	0	1
Toll-like receptor 7	0	1	0	1
citrate synthase 2, partial	0	0	1	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	1	0	0	1
signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced	1	0	0	1
LAP4	0	0	1	1
MEP2	0	0	1	1
Catechol O-methyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	3	0	3
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	2	0	3
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE	0	1	0	1
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leucine Aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme	0	1	0	1
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase	0	1	0	1
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein	1	0	0	1
carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 1 isoform 1	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	0	1	0	1
Platelet-activating factor receptor	1	0	0	1
Ephrin type-A receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Ephrin type-A receptor 2	0	1	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	2	0	0	2
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	0	3	0	3
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src	0	3	0	3
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	0	2	0	2
Calmodulin-domain protein kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	4	1	10
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	4	0	4
Glycine receptor subunit beta	0	4	0	4
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	4	0	4
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	4	0	4
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	0	0	1	1
Thioredoxin reductase	0	1	0	1
Flavodoxin	0	0	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	2	0	2
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase	0	1	0	1
Thrombopoietin	1	0	0	1
pyruvate kinase	1	0	0	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	1	0	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	2	0	0	2
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b	1	0	0	1
Aurora kinase A	0	1	0	1
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn	0	1	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	1	0	0	1
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta	0	1	0	1
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit	0	1	0	1
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	0	1	0	1
Protein kinase C alpha type	0	1	0	1
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	0	1	0	1
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3	0	1	0	1
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	0	1	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	0	1	0	1
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta	0	1	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
Angiopoietin-1 receptor	0	1	0	1
Anoctamin-1	0	1	0	1
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	2	0	0	2
Sodium/iodide cotransporter	0	1	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	1	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase OXA-7	0	0	0	1
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	0	1	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Class D beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-b-lactamase	0	0	0	1
BlaVIM-1	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase VIM-1	0	0	0	1
karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1), isoform CRA_b	0	0	1	1
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
luciferase	0	0	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor	0	2	0	2
Progesterone receptor	0	2	0	3
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	1	1	2
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	0	1	1
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Mineralocorticoid receptor	0	2	1	3
Androgen receptor	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	0	1
Glutamine synthetase	0	0	1	1
Nociceptin receptor	0	0	1	1
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor beta	0	2	0	2
N	0	1	0	1
dopamine D1 receptor	1	0	0	1
NPYLR7B	0	0	1	1
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	0	1	0	1
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Major prion protein	0	1	0	1
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega	0	1	0	1
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'	0	1	0	1
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta	0	1	0	1
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated	0	1	0	1
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated	0	2	0	2
Acidic phospholipase A2 2	0	1	0	1
Trypanothione reductase	0	2	0	2
Aldehyde oxidase 1	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Aldehyde oxidase	0	1	0	1
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase	1	0	0	1
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain	0	0	1	1
hepatitis C virus polyprotein	1	0	0	1
alpha-galactosidase	1	0	0	1
Cruzipain	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
beta-2 adrenergic receptor	1	0	0	1
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes	1	0	0	1
Aminopeptidase B	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 3	0	1	0	1
M1 family aminopeptidase	0	2	0	2
Cytosol aminopeptidase	0	2	0	2
72 kDa type IV collagenase	0	1	0	1
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	2	1	3
Aminopeptidase N	0	2	0	2
Aminopeptidase N	0	2	0	2
Aminopeptidase N	0	1	0	1
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein	0	1	0	1
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	0	1	0	1
Cytosol aminopeptidase	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	0	1	0	1
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
Aminopeptidase N	0	2	0	2
Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
Bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	0	1	0	1
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 2	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 8	0	1	0	1
Aminopeptidase B	0	1	0	1
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 5	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Arginase 1	0	1	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(4)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (214)

Protein Targets (671)

Clonorchiasis

Synonyms(4)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (214)

Drugs Studied (103)

Protein Targets (671)