Page last updated: 2024-12-06

etidin

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Description

etidin: structure; geroprotective agent [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	70849
CHEMBL ID	1521734
CHEMBL ID	3194512
SCHEMBL ID	95164
MeSH ID	M0064236

Synonyms (101)

Synonym
AC-5634
STK723901
nsc-120573
nsc120573
mls000737519 ,
nsc-3344
ethidine
hantzsch ester
nsc3344
3, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-, diethyl ester
diludine
1149-23-1
2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-,diethyl ester
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
DIVK1C_001935
AG-205/25020007
CDS1_000895
OPREA1_780789
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-, diethyl ester
diludin
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
etidin
2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydropyridine
diethone
nsc 120573
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
einecs 214-561-6
rr 116
ai3-61863
2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
hantzsch's dihydropyridine
nsc 3344
IDI1_003946
smr000069117
MLS000060889
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
CHEMDIV2_005231
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, 95%
smr000528546
MAYBRIDGE1_005647
D3775
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
HMS557I15
HMS1383N17
AKOS000593008
A803270
ethyl 5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
HMS2884B15
HMS2399L03
unii-gwn6123bug
gwn6123bug ,
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-5-pyridinedicarboxylate
F0191-0461
FT-0600612
AM20080091
AB00545
S5221
CHEMBL1521734
CCG-207953
SCHEMBL95164
3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine
2,6-dimethyl-3,5-di(carboethoxy)-1,4-dihydropyridine
rr-116
1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester-2,6-dimethylpyridine
3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-, 3,5-diethyl ester
2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
3,5-dicarboethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine
3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy-3,5 pyridinedicarboxylate
diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3.5-pyridinedicarboxylate
1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate
diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate
diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3.5-pyridine dicarboxylate
diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate
diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl pyridine
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-l,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
SY016910
mfcd00005951
ethyl (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate)
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate #
2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine
CS-W018746
W-108595
CHEMBL3194512
DTXSID80150895
sr-01000314518
SR-01000314518-2
SR-01000314518-1
3,5-diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
GS-3120
VU0007198-5
1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbetboxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine
Q27279321
EN300-26986
Z57393194

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
acid sphingomyelinase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	14.1254	24.0613	39.8107	AID504937
ClpP	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	28.1838	1.9953	22.6730	39.8107	AID651965
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3872	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID743255
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.8419	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540253; AID540263
snurportin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.8419	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540253; AID540263
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.4256	12.0591	28.1838	AID504891
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.1619	5.8048	16.9962	25.9290	AID540253
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	100.0000	6.3096	60.2008	112.2020	AID720707
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.8913	1.9953	25.5327	50.1187	AID624287
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (24)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
associative learning	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Rap protein signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stress fiber assembly	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of endothelial barrier	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP binding	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (8)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeleton	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endomembrane system	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (29)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID678538	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi ATCC 700931	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678541	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678546	Antibacterial activity against ampicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678542	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678536	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter koseri ATCC 27028	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678540	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678539	Antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 32412	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678544	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678548	Ratio of ampicillin MIC to compound MIC for ampicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678543	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678547	Ratio of ampicillin MIC to compound MIC for ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678535	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678537	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 7761	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
AID678545	Antibacterial activity against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18	Design, solvent free synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 1,4 dihydropyridines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (16)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (18.75)	18.7374
1990's	2 (12.50)	18.2507
2000's	3 (18.75)	29.6817
2010's	6 (37.50)	24.3611
2020's	2 (12.50)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.24

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	22.24 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.00 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.65 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (22.24)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	19 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	1.98	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2	1	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.96	1
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.07	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.01	1	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	3.36	7	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester	hepatic steatosis inducing agent
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.38	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
embramine [no description available]	2	1	diarylmethane
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.11	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
alkenes [no description available]	2.11	1
pirlindole pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812	1.98	1	carbazoles
diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate: structure in first source	2.07	1
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	1.97	1
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2	1	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.05	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.05	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.01	1
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	2.01	1
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	2.01	1
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	1.96	1
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	1.98	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	1.98	1
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	1.97	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.96	1

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