Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]
Histamine catabolism is a critical process for regulating the inflammatory response and other physiological functions mediated by this biogenic amine. The primary enzyme responsible for histamine breakdown is diamine oxidase (DAO), also known as histaminase, which is found in various tissues, including the intestinal mucosa, liver, and kidney. DAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of histamine, converting it to imidazole acetaldehyde. This reaction requires molecular oxygen and generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. Imidazole acetaldehyde is further metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to imidazole acetic acid, the final inactive product of histamine degradation. The activity of DAO can be influenced by various factors, including age, diet, and certain medications. Reduced DAO activity can lead to histamine intolerance, characterized by a range of symptoms, including headaches, flushing, and gastrointestinal distress. Histamine catabolism is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of histamine, which could lead to adverse health consequences.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histamine N-methyltransferase | A histamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50135] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tacrine | tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| diphenhydramine | antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug. Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects. | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| metoprine | metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist | ||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| amodiaquine hydrochloride |