Compounds > kadsurenone
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

kadsurenone

Description

Kadsurenone is a natural product with a complex structure that has been isolated from the roots of Kadsura coccinea. This compound has shown promising biological activity in various studies. Kadsurenone is known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antitumor effects. It has also been demonstrated to have antioxidant properties. Research on kadsurenone is ongoing to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases.'

kadsurenone: platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID122159
CHEMBL ID296958
CHEBI ID6097
SCHEMBL ID1110789
MeSH IDM0130012

Synonyms (27)

Synonym
PDSP2_000721
PDSP1_000731
kadsurenone
95851-37-9
CHEMBL296958 ,
(+)-kadsurenone
chebi:6097 ,
(kadsurenone)5-allyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-2h-benzofuran-6-one
5-allyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-2h-benzofuran-6-one
bdbm50001747
AC1L3U3M ,
(2s,3r,3as)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-5-prop-2-enyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-one
dzy9cv5vh7 ,
6(2h)-benzofuranone, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3a-dihydro-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(2-propenyl)-, (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-
unii-dzy9cv5vh7
SCHEMBL1110789
surecn1110789
(2s,3r,3as)-5-allyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-one
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6(2h)-one
DTXSID90914788
Q27107065
CS-0633861
HY-N10663
kadsurenone a
6(2h)-benzofuranone, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3a-dihydro-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(2-propen-1-yl)-, (2s,3r,3as)-
kadsurenone, (+)-
(2s,3r,3as)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3a-dihydro-3a-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(2-propen-1-yl)-6(2h)-benzofuranone

Research Excerpts

Overview

Kadsurenone is a neolignan with specific antagonistic activity of platelet-activating factor. It is derived from the stems of Piper kadsura.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Kadsurenone is a neolignan with specific antagonistic activity of platelet-activating factor, and is derived from the stems of Piper kadsura. "( Pharmacokinetics of kadsurenone and its interaction with cyclosporin A in rats using a combined HPLC and microdialysis system.
Huang, SP; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH; Wu, YT, 2009)		2.12

Treatment

Kadsurenone treated animals did not exhibit significantly altered 111In-labeled platelet accumulation when compared to controls. Pretreatment with Kadsure None exerted a quite complete protective effect in regard to the ECG changes.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Kadsurenone treated animals did not exhibit significantly altered 111In-labeled platelet accumulation when compared to controls (6158 +/- 2386 vs 9979 +/- 3852, mean +/- SEM)."( Platelet activating factor receptor blockade enhances recovery after multifocal brain ischemia.
Dutka, AJ; Hallenbeck, JM; Kochanek, PM; Kumaroo, KK, 1987)		0.99
"Pretreatment with Kadsurenone, administered either intravenously (0.014 M, 1 ml/kg) or intraperitoneally (0.14 M, 1 ml/kg), exerted a quite complete protective effect in regard to the ECG changes and caused a significant reduction in the magnitude of all the haemodynamic alterations observed after intravenous infusion of PAF (0.8 microgram/kg)."( Cardiovascular alterations in the rabbit infused with platelet activating factor (PAF): effect of kadsurenone, a PAF-receptor antagonist.
Alloatti, G; Camussi, G; Emanuelli, G; Mariano, F; Montrucchio, G; Tetta, C, 1986)		0.81

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The LC-MS/MS assay was successfully applied for oral pharmacokinetic evaluation of kadsurenone using the rat as an animal model."( Development of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of kadsurenone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Dong, N; Li, R; Shi, D; Wang, H; Yu, H; Zhang, N; Zhang, S, 2013)		0.86

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In this study, we quantitated the dose-response effects of topically applied PAF on microvascular permselectivity and investigated the biochemical pathways of this compound."( Effect of platelet-activating factor on microvascular permselectivity: dose-response relations and pathways of action in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation.
Dillon, PK; Durán, WN, 1988)		0.27
" All antagonists produced a shift to the right in the dose-response curve to Paf (0."( Antagonism of platelet activating factor-induced chemiluminescence in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages in differing states of activation.
Bittner, C; Lambrecht, G; Parnham, MJ, 1989)		0.28
" The monkey metabolites of the two drugs were isolated as their glucuronide conjugates from the urine of iv dosed males."( Metabolism of kadsurenone and 9,10-dihydrokadsurenone in rhesus monkeys and rat liver microsomes.
Arison, BH; Chabala, JC; Chang, MN; Chiu, SH; Eline, D; Hucker, HB; Smith, JL; Sweeney, BM; Thompson, KL; White, SD, )		0.49
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
benzofurans
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Ovis aries (sheep)IC50 (µMol)25.60000.00032.177410.0000AID443489
Platelet-activating factor receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)0.16500.00430.75777.8000AID154452; AID154453; AID154455; AID154456
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2Ovis aries (sheep)IC50 (µMol)246.00000.00101.453910.0000AID443490
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (22)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID154463Percent inhibition of [3H]-PAF to platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor from rabbit platelet membranes at 0.3 uM1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID154453Inhibitor concentration required to block 50 %of the specific [3H]PAF binding to rabbit platelet membranes.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID224348Inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet rich plasma1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
Analogues of platelet activating factor. 8. Antagonists of PAF containing an aromatic ring linked to a pyridinium ring.
AID443491Inhibition of potato LOX-5 assessed as inhibition of hydroperoxide production after 5 mins by EIA2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID454545Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Neolignans from Piper kadsura and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity.
AID167798Concentration needed to inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit PRP by 50%1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 35, Issue:9
Analogues of platelet activating factor. 6. Mono- and bis-aryl phosphate antagonists of platelet activating factor.
AID166950PAF antagonism was determined by rabbit platelet inhibition and neurophil aggregation and degranulation at 0.1 to 1 uM concentration.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID154464Percent inhibition of [3H]PAF binding to platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor from rabbit platelet membranes at 1.0 uM1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID443494Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelets assessed as inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID454544Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production at 20 uM after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Neolignans from Piper kadsura and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity.
AID443493Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelets assessed as inhibition of platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID154452Inhibition concentration required to block 50% of the specific [3H]PAF binding, obtained from Chiralpak column at low temperatures.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID154455Inhibitor concentration required to block 50% of the specific [3H]PAF binding to rabbit platelet membranes.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID154466Percent inhibition of [3H]-PAF binding to platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor from rabbit platelet membranes at 5.0 uM1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID443495Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelets assessed as inhibition of adenosin 5'-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID224180Concentration required to inhibit PAF (5*10e-8 M) induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet rich plasma(PRP) by 50%1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-25, Volume: 35, Issue:26
Analogues of platelet activating factor. 7. Bis-aryl amide and bis-aryl urea receptor antagonists of PAF.
AID426073Antiplatelet activity in rabbit platelets assessed as inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation treated 5 mins before PAF challenge2009Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 72, Issue:7
Macrophyllin-type bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid neolignans from the leaves of Pleurothyrium cinereum.
AID1386710Antagonist activity at rabbit PAF receptor assessed as inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 5 mins followed by PAF addition2018Journal of natural products, 09-28, Volume: 81, Issue:9
Tetrahydrobenzofuran-6(2 H)-one Neolignans from Ocotea heterochroma: Their Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Antagonistic Activity and in Silico Insights into the PAF Receptor Binding Mode.
AID443492Selectivity ratio of IC50 for ovine COX-1 to IC50 for ovine COX-22009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID154456Inhibitor concentration required to block 50% of the specific [3H]PAF binding, obtained as natural product.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationships of kadsurenone analogues.
AID443489Inhibition of ovine COX-1 assessed as inhibition of transformation of AA to PGH2 by EIA2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
AID443490Inhibition of ovine COX-2 assessed as inhibition of transformation of AA to PGH2 by EIA2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 19, Issue:24
COX, LOX and platelet aggregation inhibitory properties of Lauraceae neolignans.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199028 (58.33)18.7374
1990's11 (22.92)18.2507
2000's5 (10.42)29.6817
2010's4 (8.33)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.20

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.20 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.95 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.15 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.20)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews4 (7.84%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other47 (92.16%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
histamine
[no description available]		2.8840aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		1.9610imidazole
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		3.0750organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		2.6730benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
caffeine
[no description available]		1.9710purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.3720ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		1.9710
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.3720aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		2.0510carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		1.9610aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		2.8940triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		1.9610adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.1310amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		1.9610mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.45701,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		1.9710fluorescein isothiocyanate
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		1.9610elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		1.9710
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		2.1310L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		1.9810organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
kaurenoic acid
[no description available]		2.0510ent-kaurane diterpenoidanti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		1.9610aromatic ketone
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		9.4570
cv 6209
CV 6209: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		1.9810
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		73302-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran
2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran: orally active & competitive receptor antagonist of platelet activating factor; structure given in first source		4.1750
bn 52063
BN 52063: mixture of ginkolide A derivatives; platelet activating factor antagonist isolated from Ginkgo biloba tree		3.0810
rp 48740
3-(3-pyridinyl)-1H,3H-pyrrolo(1,2-c)thiazole-7-carboxamide: platelet activating factor antagonist		1.9710
u 66985
U 66985: structure given in first source		3.0610
ono 6240
[no description available]		3.4720
sri 63072
SRI 63072: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		1.9710
cl 184005
CL 184005: platelet activating factor antagonist; maybe useful in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial sepsis; structure given in first source		2.6730
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		3.4820
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		7.21410
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.3720oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		12.21410
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		1.9710tripeptide
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.3720icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		2.1310
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.0510caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		210alkali metal atom
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.3720prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		1.9610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		2.3820epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
Licarin A
[no description available]		2.0510benzofurans
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.3720cinnamic acids
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.3820thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.7730
acuminatin
acuminatin: from Epimedium acuminatum; Chemline give RN 41744-39-2 for acuminatin, but the compound has a different structure than the one given in journal. acuminatin : A neolignan that is 5-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran carrying additional 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, methyl and methoxy substituents at positions 2, 3 and 7 respectively.		2.48201-benzofurans;
dimethoxybenzene;
neolignan;
olefinic compound;
ring assembly		fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite
licarin b
licarin B: neolignan; RN given for (2S-(2alpha,3beta,5(E)))-isomer; isolated from seeds of Myristica fragrans; structure in first source		2.0510
l 652731
[no description available]		1.9810
pipernonaline
pipernonaline: derived from long pepper, Piper longum; structure in first source		2.1310benzodioxoles
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		1.9710benzoxazole
cinerin c
cinerin C: isolated from Pleurothyrium cinereum; structure in first source		2.7730
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		2.1310
cinerin a
cinerin A: isolated from Pleurothyrium cinereum; structure in first source		2.4520
denudatine
[no description available]		1.9610
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		4.6890
ginkgolide c
ginkgolide C: ginkolide; inactive to PAF receptor; structure given in first source		1.9710
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.0510
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9610guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		2.0510cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.4720
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.910
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.910
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.6630
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		01.9710
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		01.9710
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		01.9710
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		01.9710
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		01.9710
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		01.9610
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		06.9610
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.3720
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.3720
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9610
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		01.9610
Anasarca
[description not available]		01.9610
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		01.9610
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