glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine profile

Glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine (GGLH) is a complex sugar molecule found in collagen, a structural protein that provides support and strength to tissues throughout the body. It is formed by the sequential addition of glucose and galactose sugars to hydroxylysine, an amino acid modified by the addition of a hydroxyl group.
GGLH is important for the proper assembly and function of collagen. Its presence in collagen contributes to the stability and integrity of the collagen fibrils, the building blocks of connective tissues.
GGLH has been studied for its potential role in various biological processes, including:
- **Collagen biosynthesis and assembly:** GGLH is a crucial component of collagen, and its synthesis and modification are essential for the formation of functional collagen fibers.
- **Cellular signaling:** GGLH is thought to be involved in signaling pathways that regulate cellular processes related to collagen metabolism and tissue repair.
- **Disease pathogenesis:** Abnormalities in GGLH synthesis or degradation have been linked to various diseases, including connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Researchers study GGLH to better understand its role in collagen structure and function, its involvement in cellular signaling, and its potential contribution to various diseases. By studying GGLH, researchers hope to develop new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for conditions related to collagen metabolism.'

glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine: from sponge & sea anemone collagen [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Anemone	genus	A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpene saponins. The root of Anemone raddeana is the source of a Chinese folk medicine, zhu jie xian fu. The common name of liverwort is also used with other plants. This genus is unrelated to SEA ANEMONES.[MeSH]	Ranunculaceae	The buttercup plant family of the order RANUNCULALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. The leaves are usually alternate and stalkless. The flowers usually have two to five free sepals and may be radially symmetrical or irregular.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	122304
SCHEMBL ID	21828811
MeSH ID	M0041403

Synonym
glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine
(2s)-2,6-diamino-5-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2r,3r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid
32448-35-4
l-lysine, 5-((2-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-
hydroxylysine-glucose-galactose
1,2alpha-glucosylgalactosyl-o-hydroxylysine
hydroxylysine-galactose-glucose
glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine
(2s)-2,6-diamino-5-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2r,3r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}hexanoic acid
5-[o-a-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-d-galactopyranosyloxy]-l-lysine
2-o-a-d-glucopyranosyl-o-b-d-galactopyranosylhydroxylysine
5-[o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-galactopyranosyloxy]-l-lysine
l-5-((2-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-lysine
2-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-o-beta-d-galactopyranosylhydroxylysine
glucosido-galactosyl-hydroxylysine
glucosyl galactosyl-delta-hydroxylysine
l-5-((2-o-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-lysine
2-o-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-o-beta-delta-galactopyranosylhydroxylysine
glucosyl galactosyl-d-hydroxylysine
glucopyranosylgalactopyranosylhydroxylysine
5-[o-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-delta-galactopyranosyloxy]-l-lysine
Q27161771
SCHEMBL21828811

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	16 (48.48)	18.7374
1990's	9 (27.27)	18.2507
2000's	5 (15.15)	29.6817
2010's	3 (9.09)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (2.94%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	33 (97.06%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
glycine [no description available]	1.96	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	1.97	1	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	1.97	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	1.96	1	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
todralazine Todralazine: An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects.	1.96	1	phthalazines
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	8.21	6	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.01	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.37	2	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.37	2	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.21	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.21	1
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.07	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	1.96	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	1.96	1
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	1.96	1	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	2.68	3	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	2.39	2
galactosylhydroxylysine galactosylhydroxylysine: found in collagen & basement membranes; presence in urine can be used to determine collagen metabolism	5.56	23	5-glycosyloxy-L-lysine
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	1.98	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	3.06	5
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	5.91	33	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	1.98	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.38	2	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine: major cross-link of skin collagen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	2.21	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available]	1.96	1
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.	1.96	1
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.66	3
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.66	3
Alport Syndrome [description not available]	2.65	3
Nephritis, Hereditary A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	2.65	3
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.37	2
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.37	2
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	1.96	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	1.98	1
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	1.98	1
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available]	1.98	1
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	1.98	1
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	1.98	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.98	1
Bed Sores [description not available]	2.38	2
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	2.38	2
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	1.98	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	1.98	1
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2	1
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2	1
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	1.96	1
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	1.96	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	1.96	1
Low Bone Density [description not available]	1.97	1
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	1.97	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.97	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.97	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	1.96	1
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	1.96	1
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	1.96	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.96	1
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	1.96	1

glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine

Description

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Synonyms (23)

Research

Studies (33)

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Research Demand Index: 10.69

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