Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Drusen, Optic Disc

Optic disk bodies composed primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides that may produce pseudopapilledema (elevation of the optic disk without associated INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION) and visual field deficits. Drusen may also occur in the retina (see RETINAL DRUSEN). (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p355)

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Drusen, Optic Disc
Drusen, Optic Disk
Drusen, Optic Nerve
Optic Disc Drusen
Optic Disk Drusen

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"The optic disc drusen are often associated with shorter and hyperopic eyes."( Mariak, Z; Obuchowska, I, 2009)
"Optic disc drusen are benign calcified masses, often visible within the optic nerve head."( Cochereau, I; Khonsari, RH; Leruez, S; Milea, D; Wegener, M, 2010)

Research

Studies (41)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's5 (12.20)12.5806
2000's14 (34.15)18.1394
2010's19 (46.34)28.8240
2020's3 (7.32)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate0low10
amiodarone0low10
erythrosine0low10
2-propanol0low40
pentoxifylline0low10
prednisolone0low10
histidine0low10
tryptophan0low20
arginine0low10
thiophenes0low10
durapatite0low10
zinc oxide0low10
d-alpha tocopherol0low10
fluorescein0low10
tricalcium phosphate0low10
propiconazole0low50
brinzolamide0low10
picibanil0low10
beta carotene0low10
zeaxanthin0low10
lutein0low10
dorzolamide0low10
brimonidine tartrate0low10
indocyanine green0low40
ascorbic acid0low10
epidermal growth factor0low10
eye0low70
concanavalin a0low10

Protein Targets (424)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain B, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS50101
acid sphingomyelinase1001
thioredoxin reductase5005
USP1 protein, partial3003
TDP1 protein100010
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
flap endonuclease 16006
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
snurportin-13003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 13003
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)5005
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
geminin5005
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor0001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130101
Beta-lactamase0101
Transthyretin0011
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0112
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0112
Cyclin-A20101
Cannabinoid receptor 10011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20112
Choline O-acetyltransferase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit6006
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma8008
GLI family zinc finger 37007
AR protein120012
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A14004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1110011
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha6006
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha140014
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta5005
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a7007
activating transcription factor 64004
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)6006
Histone H2A.x5005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
heat shock protein beta-14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
lamin isoform A-delta108008
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
Glutamate receptor 25005
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
acetylcholinesterase5005
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
SMAD family member 24004
ATAD5 protein, partial5005
Fumarate hydratase2002
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
PPM1D protein1001
SMAD family member 34004
Thrombopoietin2002
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor5005
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
progesterone receptor6006
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]100010
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha100010
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
G2002
cytochrome P450 2D63003
polyprotein2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma8008
caspase-31001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 29009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
chromobox protein homolog 16006
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 28008
huntingtin isoform 22002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
peripheral myelin protein 223003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
lethal factor (plasmid)3003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2002
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30505
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40505
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Lysine-specific demethylase PHF20101
Bile salt export pump0606
Interferon beta3003
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0101
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Cellular tumor antigen p539009
Integrin beta-31001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10213
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A30202
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Androgen receptor0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12002
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Lethal factor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0213
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32002
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22002
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Endothelin-1 receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32002
Lysine-specific demethylase 5A0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62002
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Squalene synthase0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
C-C chemokine receptor type 20202
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Histamine H2 receptor2002
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 40202
Spike glycoprotein3003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22002
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Squalene monooxygenase0101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Lysine-specific demethylase 7A0101
GABA theta subunit2002
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10505
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Ataxin-25005
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2002
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial0011
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Histone lysine demethylase PHF80101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE5005
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
GLS protein3003
alpha-galactosidase1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
Cytochrome P450 3A40102
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0001
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30202
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase3003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor5005
IDH12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I2002
Polyphenol oxidase 20101
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0101
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0101
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
core protein, partial0101
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 15005
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10202
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IV0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 70001
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 120206
Carbonic anhydrase 10308
Carbonic anhydrase 204211
Carbonic anhydrase 30205
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40408
Carbonic anhydrase 60206
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0206
Carbonic anhydrase 70206
Carbonic anhydrase0204
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Carbonic anhydrase 90307
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 0204
Carbonic anhydrase0204
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Delta carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 0204
Carbonic anhydrase 130203
Carbonic anhydrase 40304
Carbonic anhydrase 150204
Carbonic anhydrase 130205
Carbonic anhydrase 140206
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0206
Microtubule-associated protein tau4004
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Androgen receptor0303
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Genome polyprotein 0112
Luciferase4004
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor6006
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 12002
Flavin reductase (NADPH)0011
large T antigen0101
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
Chain A, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0101
interleukin 81001
endonuclease IV2002
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
Skn7p0001
pregnane X receptor2002
nonstructural protein 12002
67.9K protein1001
arylsulfatase A3003
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 13003
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
Vpr1001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1001
Thymidylate synthase0101
Aromatase0101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 54004
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]0001
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Plasma kallikrein0002
Histidine-binding periplasmic protein0011
Adenosine receptor A10001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0002
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10202
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0002
retinoic acid receptor alpha isoform 10101
retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform a0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
dopamine D1 receptor1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
vasopressin V1b receptor1001
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Tumor necrosis factor0101
Cholinesterase0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Adenosine receptor A2b0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chitotriosidase-10213
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
Endochitinase B10213
luciferase0001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Estrogen receptor0202
Glucocorticoid receptor0218
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Glutamine synthetase0011
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Nociceptin receptor0011
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Estrogen receptor beta0202
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II0011
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Myeloperoxidase0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Stromelysin-10101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10102
Substance-P receptor0101
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase0102
SLC16A10 protein0001
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Tryprostatin B synthase0001
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]