hemopressin profile

hemopressin: hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	44560117
CHEMBL ID	510801
MeSH ID	M0448475

Synonym
bdbm50242451
hemopressin
CHEMBL510801 ,
hemopressin (rat)
568588-77-2
AKOS024456765
HY-P1090
CS-0027673
hemopressin(rat)
Q5712532
pvnfkflsh
(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-4-amino-2-[[(2s)-3-methyl-2-[[(2s)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amin
DTXSID301029393

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hemopressin acts as an inverse agonist in vivo and can cross the blood-brain barrier to both inhibit appetite and induce antinociception."	( Central functional response to the novel peptide cannabinoid, hemopressin. Dodd, GT; Hodkinson, DJ; Luckman, SM; Lutz, B; Srivastava, RK; Williams, SR; Worth, AA, 2013)	1.35
"Hemopressin (Hp) is a nonapeptide that selectively binds CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 receptors) and exerts antinociceptive action in inflammatory pain models."	( Hemopressin, an inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptors, inhibits neuropathic pain in rats. Dale, CS; Devi, LA; Ferreira, WA; Ferro, ES; Heimann, AS; Maique, ET; Miller, L; Ramos-Ortolaza, DL; Toniolo, EF, 2014)	2.57
"Hemopressin is a naturally occurring and therapeutically relevant peptide with applications in hypertension, pain, addiction, and obesity. "	( Site-specific Substitutions Eliminate Aggregation Properties of Hemopressin. Endsley, AN; Galande, AK; Jambunathan, K; Kibler, PD; Nayak, SK; Song, B, 2015)	2.1
"Hemopressin is a neuropeptide, derived from the degradation of the α(1)-chain of hemoglobin, and possesses several pharmacologic properties, such as the ability to block cannabinoid CB1 receptor activity, to cause dose-dependent hypotension and to inhibit food intake. "	( DOES hemopressin bind metal ions in vivo? Ceciliato, C; Guerrini, R; Kolkowska, P; Kozlowski, H; Krzywoszynska, K; Remelli, M; Salvadori, S; Valensin, D; Watly, J, 2016)	2.39
"Hemopressin is a short, nine amino acid peptide (H-Pro-Val-Asn-Phe-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ser-His-OH) isolated from rat brain that behaves as an inverse agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB(1), and is shown here to inhibit agonist-induced receptor internalization in a heterologous cell model. "	( The peptide hemopressin acts through CB1 cannabinoid receptors to reduce food intake in rats and mice. Dodd, GT; Luckman, SM; Lutz, B; Mancini, G, 2010)	2.18
"Hemopressin is a novel vasoactive nonapeptide derived from hemoglobin's alpha-chain as recently reported by Rioli et al. "	( Hypotensive effects of hemopressin and bradykinin in rabbits, rats and mice. A comparative study. Blais, PA; Côté, J; Fortier, A; Gendron, G; Gobeil, F; Larouche, A; Morin, J; Neugebauer, W; Regoli, D, 2005)	2.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hemopressin has been reported to block CB1 receptors in vitro, similar to the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant."	( Activation of spinal and supraspinal cannabinoid-1 receptors leads to antinociception in a rat model of neuropathic spinal cord injury pain. Hama, A; Sagen, J, 2011)	1.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hemopressin, so-called because of its hypotensive effect, belongs to the derivatives of the hemoglobin α-chain. "	( Further Characterization of Hemopressin Peptide Fragments in the Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems. Benyhe, S; Bojnik, E; Borsodi, A; Helyes, Z; Perera, PS; Szlavicz, E; Tomboly, C; Zador, F, 2015)	2.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The study confirms that administration of terlipressin, by either Haemopressin or Glypressin, is generally safe and indeed highly effective in the treatment of acute EVH."	( Open, randomized, comparative study of efficacy and safety between Haemopressin and Glypressin in treating acute esophageal varices hemorrhage. Hu, RH; Lee, PH, )	0.13

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0003	0.0002	0.1921	1.9953	AID386235
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (52)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID386235	Displacement of [3H]SR141716 from Long-Evans rat striatal membrane CB1 receptor	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386481	Antagonist activity at B2 bradykinin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of bradykinin-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386243	Antihyperalgesic effects in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of carrageenan-induced paw pressure at 10 ug/kg, intraplantar after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386265	Antagonist activity at AT1 angiotensin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386233	Antagonist activity at CB2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386246	Antihyperalgesic effects in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of carrageenan-induced paw pressure at 50 ug/kg, po after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386262	Antagonist activity at delta opioid receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386249	Antinociceptive activity in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of acetic acid-induced writhing at 500 ug/kg, po after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386260	Antagonist activity at CB2 receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386236	Antagonist activity at Long-Evans rat striatal membrane CB1 receptor assessed as blockade of Hu210-induced increase in GTPgammaS binding	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386248	Antinociceptive activity in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of acetic acid-induced writhing at 50 ug/kg, po after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386271	Antagonist activity at beta2 adrenergic receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of isoproterenol-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386483	Antagonist activity at alpha2A adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386259	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386244	Antihyperalgesic effects in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of carrageenan-induced paw pressure at 0.5 ug/kg, intrathecal after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386239	Antagonist activity at Long-Evans rat spleen CB2 receptor assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated decrease in adenylate cyclase activity	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386232	Antagonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386269	Antagonist activity at delta opioid receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of deltorphin 2-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386480	Antagonist activity at AT2 angiotensin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of angiotensin 2-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386484	Antagonist activity at beta2 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386252	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386268	Antagonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of DAMGO-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386478	Antagonist activity at AT2 angiotensin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386251	Effect on pentobarbital-induced sedation in C57BL/6 mouse at 500 mg/kg, ip after 1 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386272	Antagonist activity at AT1 angiotensin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of angiotensin 2-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386264	Antagonist activity at beta2 adrenergic receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386253	Antagonist activity at CB2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386242	Antagonist activity at CB2 receptor expressed in Neuro 2A cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated increase in number of neurite outgrowth at 10 uM after 16 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386267	Antagonist activity at CB2 receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386240	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in Neuro 2A cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386250	Effect on motor coordination in C57BL/6 mouse at 500 mg/kg, ip after 1 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386234	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386256	Antagonist activity at alpha2A adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of clonidine-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386482	Antagonist activity at delta opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386263	Antagonist activity at alpha2A adrenergic receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386485	Antagonist activity at AT1 angiotensin receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386238	Antagonist activity at Long-Evans rat spleen CB2 receptor assessed as blockade of Hu210-induced increase in GTPgammaS binding	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID1562903	Displacement of [3H]JWH-018 from CB1R/CB2R in Wistar rat brain membranes after 60 mins by liquid scintillation analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Preparation of bivalent agonists for targeting the mu opioid and cannabinoid receptors.
AID386270	Antagonist activity at alpha2A adrenergic receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of clonidine-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID1562904	Displacement of [3H]JWH-018 from CB1R in Wistar rat brain membranes at 10 uM after 60 mins by liquid scintillation analysis relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Preparation of bivalent agonists for targeting the mu opioid and cannabinoid receptors.
AID386241	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in Neuro 2A cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated increase in number of neurite outgrowth at 10 uM after 16 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386245	Antihyperalgesic effects in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of carrageenan-induced paw pressure at 5 ug/kg, intrathecal after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386254	Antagonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of DAMGO-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386477	Antagonist activity at flag tagged recombinant CB1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-induced increase in phospho ERK1/2 level	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386266	Antagonist activity at CB1 receptor expressed in SKNSH cells assessed as blockade of Hu210-induced increase in antibody recognition at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386258	Antagonist activity at AT1 angiotensin receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of angiotensin 2-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386247	Antihyperalgesic effects in Wistar rat assessed as reduction of carrageenan-induced paw pressure at 100 ug/kg, po after 3 hrs	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386237	Antagonist activity at Long-Evans rat striatal membrane CB1 receptor assessed as blockade of Hu210-mediated decrease in adenylate cyclase activity	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386261	Antagonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386255	Antagonist activity at delta opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of deltorphin 2-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386479	Antagonist activity at B2 bradykinin receptor expressed in SKNSH cells at 100 nM by ELISA	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
AID386257	Antagonist activity at beta2 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as blockade of isoproterenol-mediated decrease in secreted alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 uM after 6 hrs relative to control	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51	Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	7 (14.58)	29.6817
2010's	32 (66.67)	24.3611
2020's	9 (18.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (2.04%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (12.24%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (2.04%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	41 (83.67%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.31	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	3.16	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.59	2	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	3.5	7	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.06	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.06	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.03	1	clonidine; imidazoline
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.03	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	3.16	1	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.03	1	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
urethane [no description available]	7.1	1	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.1	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.6	1	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.13	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.47	2	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.25	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.06	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.51	2	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
substance p [no description available]	2.31	1	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.03	1	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
sr141716 [no description available]	4.1	4	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	3.16	1	dipeptide
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.03	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
bradykinin [no description available]	7.43	2	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	2.1	1	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.1	1
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.11	1
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	7.13	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.11	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
sr140333b SR140333B: a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.07	1
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.54	2	N-acylindole
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.47	2	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin: a TRPV1 antagonist	2.11	1	methoxybenzenes; phenols
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.07	1	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.07	1	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.48	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.21	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.21	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain	3.61	2	oligopeptide
endomorphin 2 endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain	3.61	2
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.1	1
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	2.03	1	peptide
tyrosyl alanyl-glycyl-phenylalaninamide tyrosyl alanyl-glycyl-phenylalaninamide: tetrapeptide opiate	2.21	1
sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist	2.07	1
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	2.21	1	indolecarboxamide
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.6	1
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	3.16	1
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.1	1	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.71	8
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.05	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Aura [description not available]	2.76	2
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	7.76	2
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.84	3
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.84	3
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.25	1
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	2.31	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.54	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.31	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.54	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.49	2
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.31	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.54	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.49	2
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.53	2
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.15	1
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	3.68	3
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	3.68	3
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.48	2
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.48	2
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.52	2
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.1	1
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	7.52	2
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.13	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.13	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.75	3
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.13	1
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.05	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.06	1
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	2.06	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.06	1
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.06	1
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	2.06	1
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.06	1
Torsade de Pointes [description not available]	2.06	1
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	2.06	1
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.06	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	2.06	1
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	2.06	1
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.06	1
Ache [description not available]	3.36	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.36	2
Allodynia [description not available]	2.96	4
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.06	1
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.06	1
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.07	1
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.07	1

hemopressin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (13)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Protein Targets (1)

Activation Measurements

Bioassays (52)

Research

Studies (48)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.36

Study Types

hemopressin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (13)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Toxicity

Protein Targets (1)

Activation Measurements

Bioassays (52)

Research

Studies (48)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.36

Study Types

Related Drugs (52)

Related Conditions (47)