Page last updated: 2024-12-10

(all-e) phytoene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

You're asking about **(all-E) phytoene**, which is a key molecule in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Here's a breakdown:

**What is (all-E) phytoene?**

* **A Carotenoid Precursor:** (all-E) phytoene is a colorless, unsaturated hydrocarbon that acts as the initial precursor in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids. Carotenoids are a vast class of pigments that provide the yellow, orange, and red colors in plants, fruits, and other organisms.
* **Structure:** It's characterized by a long chain of conjugated double bonds arranged in an *all-E* configuration, meaning that all the double bonds have their substituents on the same side of the molecule.
* **Biosynthesis:** Phytoene is synthesized in a multi-step enzymatic process involving the condensation of two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

**Why is (all-E) phytoene important for research?**

* **Carotenoid Production:** Understanding the biosynthesis of phytoene is crucial for manipulating carotenoid production in crops and other organisms. By increasing the levels of phytoene, researchers can enhance the production of valuable carotenoids with nutritional and medicinal properties.
* **Metabolic Engineering:** Phytoene can be a target for metabolic engineering, aiming to optimize the production of specific carotenoids. This can have applications in areas like:
* **Food and Nutrition:** Enhancing the carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables to improve their nutritional value.
* **Pharmaceuticals:** Producing carotenoids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial properties.
* **Studying Carotenoid Metabolism:** Phytoene can serve as a marker for studying the regulation and function of carotenoid metabolism in various organisms.
* **Biofuel Production:** Phytoene is a precursor to biofuel production, as it can be converted into biodiesel through specific chemical processes.
* **Disease Research:** Some research suggests that phytoene might have protective effects against certain diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

**Overall, (all-E) phytoene is a vital molecule in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and a promising target for research in various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and bioenergy.**

(all-E) phytoene: C40 carotenoid biosynthesized in bacteria; minor descriptor (75-84); EP to CAROTENOIDS (85); on-line & Index Medicus search CAROTENOIDS (75-85); RN given refers to (all-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

all-trans-phytoene : The all-trans-isomer of phytoene. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5280784
CHEMBL ID1988265
CHEBI ID8191
CHEBI ID26119
MeSH IDM0262927

Synonyms (34)

Synonym
(6e,10e,14e,16e,18e,22e,26e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene
CHEBI:8191 ,
7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'-octahydro-psi,psi-carotene
7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-psi,psi-carotene
LMPR01070254
nsc-378840
nsc378840 ,
all-trans-phytoene
C05413
phytoene ,
540-04-5
trans-phytoene
(all-e) phytoene
phytoene, (all-e)-
2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene
CHEBI:26119
7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-psi,psi-caro
all-trans-7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-lycopene
(all-e)-phytoene
psi,psi-carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-
nsc 378840
unii-87e4nj6n51
87e4nj6n51 ,
CHEMBL1988265
lycopene, 7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-, all-trans-
7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-psi,psi-carotene #
.psi.,.psi.-carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-
phytoene, all-trans-
2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-dotriacontanonaene, 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl- lycopene, 7,7',8,8',11,11',12,12'-octahydro-, all-trans-
DTXSID40202309
trans-phytoene (technical grade)
(contain ~30% cis isomer)
Q27107901
7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-octahydro-psi,psi-carotene

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Methods for producing isotopically labeled PE, PF, and LYC tracers from tomato plant cell culture offer a unique tool for further understanding the differential bioavailability and metabolism of these 3 prominent tomato carotenoids and how they may affect health."( Nutritional aspects of phytoene and phytofluene, carotenoid precursors to lycopene.
Clinton, SK; Engelmann, NJ; Erdman, JW, 2011
)
0.37
"The mechanisms as well the genetics underlying the bioavailability and metabolism of carotenoids in humans remain unclear."( Strong and weak plasma response to dietary carotenoids identified by cluster analysis and linked to beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Clevidence, BA; Edwards, AJ; Wang, TT, 2013
)
0.39
" Bioavailability assessed by carcass (14)C-content was 23% for PE and 8% for LYC."( Differential bioavailability, clearance, and tissue distribution of the acyclic tomato carotenoids lycopene and phytoene in mongolian gerbils.
Clinton, SK; Erdman, JW; Moran, NE, 2013
)
0.39
" In this work, we review much of the existing knowledge concerning their chemical characteristics, physico-chemical properties, analysis, distribution in foods, bioavailability and likely biological activities."( A comprehensive review on the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene.
Benítez-González, A; Mapelli-Brahm, P; Meléndez-Martínez, AJ; Stinco, CM, 2015
)
0.42
" Our objective was to compare the bioavailability of lycopene from tangerine to red tomato juice, and elucidate physical deposition forms of these isomers in tomatoes by light and electron microscopy."( Enhanced bioavailability of lycopene when consumed as cis-isomers from tangerine compared to red tomato juice, a randomized, cross-over clinical trial.
Clinton, SK; Cooperstone, JL; Francis, DM; Haufe, TC; King, SA; Lesinski, GB; Ralston, RA; Riedl, KM; Schwartz, SJ; Schweiggert, RM; Timmers, CD, 2015
)
0.42
" Compared with previous results for lycopene, phytoene bioavailability was nearly double at 58% ± 19%, the clearance rate from chylomicrons was slower, and the rates of deposition into and utilization by the slow turnover tissue compartment were nearly 3 times greater."( Absorption and Distribution Kinetics of the 13C-Labeled Tomato Carotenoid Phytoene in Healthy Adults.
Cichon, MJ; Clinton, SK; Erdman, JW; Grainger, EM; Moran, NE; Novotny, JA; Riedl, KM; Rogers, RB; Schwartz, SJ, 2016
)
0.43
"The objective was to assess the potential bioavailability of phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF) from tomato powders used as raw materials for supplements as compared to the pulp of a common tomato and a cherry tomato."( Comparative study of the bioaccessibility of the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene in powders and pulps of tomato: microstructural analysis and effect of addition of sunflower oil.
Mapelli-Brahm, P; Meléndez-Martínez, AJ; Stinco, CM, 2018
)
0.48
" Given the importance of chromoplasts in the deposition of carotenoids in plants and their release during digestion, this information can be valuable in investigations on the regulation of the biosynthesis and the bioavailability of tomato carotenoids."( Study of commercial quality parameters, sugars, phenolics, carotenoids and plastids in different tomato varieties.
Beltrán-Sinchiguano, E; Corell, M; Coyago-Cruz, E; Hernanz, D; Mapelli-Brahm, P; Meléndez-Martínez, AJ; Moriana, A; Stinco, CM, 2019
)
0.51
" We thus compared carotene bioavailability in mice after gavage with carotene-rich oil-in-water emulsions."( Comparison of the bioavailability and intestinal absorption sites of phytoene, phytofluene, lycopene and β-carotene.
Borel, P; Desmarchelier, C; Halimi, C; Mapelli-Brahm, P; Margier, M; Meléndez-Martínez, AJ; Nowicki, M; Reboul, E, 2019
)
0.51
" The results demonstrated that OT-L could be an excellent raw material to produce tomato products with high bioavailability and bioactivity."( Carotenoid composition and antioxidant activities of Chinese orange-colored tomato cultivars and the effects of thermal processing on the bioactive components.
Jiang, X; Ma, L; Xiong, W; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, S, 2021
)
0.62
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phytoene
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Carotenoid biosynthesis525

Research

Studies (178)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199019 (10.67)18.7374
1990's28 (15.73)18.2507
2000's40 (22.47)29.6817
2010's62 (34.83)24.3611
2020's29 (16.29)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.66

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index9.66 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.23 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.89 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (9.66)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials7 (3.91%)5.53%
Reviews13 (7.26%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other159 (88.83%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]