Compounds > afn 1252
Page last updated: 2024-11-12

afn 1252

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

API 1252: inhibits bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10407120
CHEMBL ID1652621
SCHEMBL ID724937
SCHEMBL ID724936
MeSH IDM0540193

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
bdbm50052244
chembl1652621 ,
api-1252 ,
afn-1252
afn-12520000
debio-1452
api 1252
debio1452
620175-39-5
t3o718ikkm ,
2-propenamide, n-methyl-n-((3-methyl-2-benzofuranyl)methyl)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-oxo-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)-, (2e)-
unii-t3o718ikkm
afabicin desphosphono
(e)-n-methyl-n-((3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)methyl)-3-(7-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)acrylamide ,
QXTWSUQCXCWEHF-JXMROGBWSA-N ,
SCHEMBL724937
SCHEMBL724936
HY-16911
DTXSID10211069
NCGC00485479-01
afn-1252(debio 1452)
DB12658
BCP19135
afn1252
afn 1252
debio 1452
gtpl10755
C75910
Q27289625
(e)-n-methyl-n-[(3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-3-(7-oxo-6,8-dihydro-5h-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enamide
AS-56008
AKOS037645003
A901058
VZA17539
AC-36975

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Adverse events were primarily mild and resolved promptly."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)		0.42
"Oral doses of AFN-1252 were safe and well tolerated."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)		0.42
" All adverse events, including possibly drug-related headache and nausea, were mild or moderate."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)		0.43
"Multiple ascending doses of AFN-1252 were safe and well tolerated."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)		0.43
" The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events, which were mostly mild or moderate, were headache (26."( Efficacy and Safety of AFN-1252, the First Staphylococcus-Specific Antibacterial Agent, in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections, Including Those in Patients with Significant Comorbidities.
Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N; Murphy, B, 2015)		0.42

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" aureus, MSSA 26213 and MRSA S186, was studied in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating AFN-1252 pharmacokinetics in man."( Activity of AFN-1252, a novel FabI inhibitor, against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating human pharmacokinetics.
Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Ngo, D; Tsuji, BT, 2013)		0.39
" Further safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies in man are required to investigate therapeutically-relevant doses for this novel agent and its targeted selectivity and high potency against Staphylococcus spp."( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects.
Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)		0.39
" This study was undertaken to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of AFN-1252, following oral administration in an ascending dose trial."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)		0.42
"Pharmacokinetics indicated good absorption with a median Tmax of 2-3 hours, and a mean t1/2 of 7-10 hours, for all doses."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)		0.43

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The Caco-2 assay indicated that AFN-1252 in solution is well-absorbed and undergoes insignificant efflux, and its transport across the intestinal wall is probably passive."( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects.
Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)		0.39
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Maximum reductions in viable count against MSSA 29213 and MRSA S186 were approximately 4 logs, achieved by 450 mg q12h (fAUC/MIC = 1875) dosing at 28 hours."( Activity of AFN-1252, a novel FabI inhibitor, against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating human pharmacokinetics.
Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Ngo, D; Tsuji, BT, 2013)		0.39
" AFN-1252 was therapeutically effective, and the exposure (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 48 h [AUC(0-48)]) of AFN-1252 in the pouch fluid was comparable to the plasma levels in orally dosed animals."( Perturbation of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression by the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitor AFN-1252.
Jackson, P; Kaplan, N; Kukula, M; Parsons, JB; Pulse, M; Rock, CO; Simecka, JW; Valtierra, D; Weiss, WJ, 2013)		0.39
"AFN-1252 has the potential for both intravenous and oral administration, once- or twice-daily dosing and good tissue distribution in humans."( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects.
Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)		0.39
"5-9 h when dosed twice in a single dosing day."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)		0.42
" AFN-1252 has the potential for once or twice-a-day dosing for treatment of staphylococcal infections."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)		0.42
" AFN-1252 has potential for once- or twice-daily dosing in the treatment of staphylococcal infections."( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects.
Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)		0.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADPH] FabIStaphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252IC50 (µMol)0.02900.02900.46411.1000AID1184273
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (42)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1368302Protein binding in dog serum2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
A novel series of enoyl reductase inhibitors targeting the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID561269Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561470Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561237Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561462Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561277Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561233Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561245Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184279AUC in Swiss albino CD-1 mouse at 10 mg/kg, po administered as single dose2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID561478Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561241Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561496Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561249Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561454Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561253Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561486Antibacterial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1368301Protein binding in rat serum2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
A novel series of enoyl reductase inhibitors targeting the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID561265Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561261Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID561285Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184280Cmax in Swiss albino CD-1 mouse at 10 mg/kg, po administered as single dose2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID561488Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184281Half life in Swiss albino CD-1 mouse at 10 mg/kg, po administered as single dose2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID1184278Metabolic stability in mouse liver mirosomes assessed as compound remaining at 1 uM after 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID561257Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184272Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus FabI-mediated reduction of enoyl-ACP preincubated at 1 uM for 30 mins measured after 2 hrs by spectrophotometry2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID561232Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 by CLSI M100-S17 method2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1368303Protein binding in human serum2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
A novel series of enoyl reductase inhibitors targeting the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID1184274Antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID561500Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AG1002009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184275Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID1184282Tmax in Swiss albino CD-1 mouse at 10 mg/kg, po administered as single dose2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID1184277Metabolic stability in mouse liver mirosomes assessed as compound remaining at 1 uM after 15 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID1184276Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis AUCC 704 after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution method2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
AID1368300Protein binding in mouse serum2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
A novel series of enoyl reductase inhibitors targeting the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID561499Antibacterial activity against acrAB-deficient Escherichia coli AG100a2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity.
AID1184273Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus FabI-mediated reduction of enoyl-ACP preincubated for 30 mins measured after 2 hrs by spectrophotometry2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Discovery of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (26)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (7.69)29.6817
2010's20 (76.92)24.3611
2020's4 (15.38)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 20.01

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index20.01 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.47 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (20.01)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials5 (19.23%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other21 (80.77%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.0510aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.0810
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.1710C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.0810penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.1310amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.1710cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		2.0510glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		2.0810carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.05109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		8.66215
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
linezolid
[no description available]		2.7730acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.0510
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		2.05101,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
chir 090
CHIR 090: structure in first source. CHIR-090 : An L-threonine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({4-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenyl}ethynyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of N-hydroxy-L-threoninamide.		2.1310acetylenic compound;
benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
L-threonine derivative;
morpholines		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.1.108 (UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitor;
lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitor
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.2510organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.1710
daptomycin
[no description available]		2.5320
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		07.21112
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		07.21112
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.2510
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.2510
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		02.2510
Infections, Prosthesis-Related
[description not available]		04.5111
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		04.5111
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.4820
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.0810
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.0810
Bleb
[description not available]		03.4711
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		02.1110
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		03.511
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		03.511
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		04.4111
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		04.4111
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.0710
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		02.0710
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.0710