Compounds > uc-781
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

uc-781

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3000926
CHEMBL ID54893
SCHEMBL ID2670342
MeSH IDM0264149

Synonyms (38)

Synonym
NCI60_026594
nsc-675186
gna & uc-781
n-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide & galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna)
hha & uc-781
n-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide & hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin( hha)
n-[4-chloro-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-furan-3-carbothioamide
furancarbothioanilide deriv
178870-32-1
uc781
uc-781 ,
nsc675186
thiocarboxanilide
uc 781
n-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide
2-methyl-furan-3-carbothioic acid [4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenyl]-amide
UC1 ,
CHEMBL54893 ,
bdbm50105629
n-{4-chloro-3-[(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxy]phenyl}-2-methylfuran-3-carbothioamide
n-(4-chloro-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)phenyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbothioamide
n-[4-chloro-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)phenyl]-2-methylfuran-3-carbothioamide
3-furancarbothioamide, n-(4-chloro-3-((3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-
n-(4-chloro-3-((3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide
nsc 675186
l7k247h29h ,
unii-l7k247h29h
3-furancarbothioamide, n-(4-chloro-3-((3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-
DB05871
YZHIXLCGPOTQNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SCHEMBL2670342
DTXSID10170581
AKOS030541468
n-{4-chloro-3-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}-2-methylfuran-3-carbothioamide
Q27096436
n-(4-chloro-3-((3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbothioamide
A857056
3-furancarbothioamide, n-[4-chloro-3-[(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]phenyl]-2-methyl-

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Both formulations were safe to the vaginal microenvironment, even with repeated daily use, as evidenced by colposcopy, cytokine analysis, and lack of impact on vaginal microflora."( Preclinical safety assessments of UC781 anti-human immunodeficiency virus topical microbicide formulations.
Balkus, JE; Hillier, SL; Moncla, BJ; Parniak, MA; Patton, DL; Rohan, LC; Sweeney, YT, 2007)		0.34
" The most frequently reported adverse events were genitourinary; however, the placebo and UC781 arms had a similar distribution of mild and moderate genitourinary events."( The safety, persistence, and acceptability of an antiretroviral microbicide candidate UC781.
Bunge, K; Hillier, S; Macio, I; Meyn, L; Moncla, B; Noguchi, L; Parniak, MA; Schwartz, JL, 2012)		0.38

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" UC781 possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in mice with a high level of oral bioavailability."( Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo antiviral activity of UC781, a highly potent, orally bioavailable nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV type 1.
Bader, JP; Bonomi, C; Borgel, S; Buckheit, RW; Decker, W; Elder, C; Fliakas-Boltz, V; Hollingshead, M; Malspeis, L; Pallansch, LA; Roberson, J; Shores, R; Siford, T; Stinson, S, 1997)		0.3

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) have been developed to enhance the water solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, such as UC781."( Development and characterisation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for the vaginal administration of the antiretroviral UC-781.
Friend, D; McConville, C, 2013)		0.59

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" When evaluated in a murine hollow fiber implant model of HIV infection, UC781 dosed orally or parenterally was able to suppress HIV replication completely in this model system, providing evidence of the in vivo efficacy of the compound."( Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo antiviral activity of UC781, a highly potent, orally bioavailable nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV type 1.
Bader, JP; Bonomi, C; Borgel, S; Buckheit, RW; Decker, W; Elder, C; Fliakas-Boltz, V; Hollingshead, M; Malspeis, L; Pallansch, LA; Roberson, J; Shores, R; Siford, T; Stinson, S, 1997)		0.3
" Five safety/pharmacokinetic studies of UC781 are currently underway in women and men, all utilizing UC781 concentrations less than 1%, with twice-daily dosing in some studies, and all involving careful monitoring of exposed epithelium."( A randomized six-day safety study of an antiretroviral microbicide candidate UC781, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Ballagh, SA; Callahan, MM; Douville, K; Kovalevsky, G; Lai, JJ; Mauck, CK; McCormick, T; Schwartz, JL, 2008)		0.35
" The enhancement of UC781 aqueous solubility is essential for the development of a useful vaginal microbicide dosage form, and our data suggest that UC781/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes may be useful in this context."( Characterization of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of the anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC781.
Hillier, SL; Isaacs, CE; Parniak, MA; Rohan, LC; Yang, H, 2008)		0.35
" Baseline, single-dose exposure and a separate, 7-day at-home dosing were assessed."( First phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized rectal microbicide trial using UC781 gel with a novel index of ex vivo efficacy.
Adler, A; Anton, PA; Boscardin, J; Carballo-Diéguez, A; Cortina, G; Cumberland, WG; Dennis, R; Elliott, J; Gabelnick, H; Khanukhova, E; Mauck, C; McCormick, T; McGowan, I; Rabe, L; Saunders, T; Tanner, K; Ventuneac, A; Zhou, Y, 2011)		0.37
" Precision analysis, linear and logistical correlational methods were applied to model the dose-response relationship."( Dose-response relationship between tissue concentrations of UC781 and explant infectibility with HIV type 1 in the RMP-01 rectal safety study.
Anton, P; Mauck, C; McGowan, I; Richardson-Harman, N, 2012)		0.38
"The Microbicide Trials Network 003 study, a large phase IIb trial, was unable to show that daily dosing with 1% tenofovir vaginal gel was effective for HIV prevention."( Current status of topical antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis.
Szpir, M; Van Damme, L, 2012)		0.38
" Phase II and III trials continue to explore different dosing strategies for topical products that contain one or more ARV agents."( Current status of topical antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis.
Szpir, M; Van Damme, L, 2012)		0.38
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1EC50 (µMol)0.01650.00040.61539.7000AID199991; AID199996
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Activity0.00900.00091.30738.0000AID199980
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (41)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID581811Antiviral activity against X4 tropic HIV1 3B infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID323901Inhibition of HIV1 BaL binding to human Caco-2 cells relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells.
AID323899Inhibition of HIV1 BaL binding to human A431 cells relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells.
AID581814Antiviral activity against X4 tropic HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID259754Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV1 in MT2 cells by MTT assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3
Computer-aided design of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID581812Antiviral activity against R5 tropic HIV1 BaL infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID581816Antiviral activity against X4 tropic HIV1 RF infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production after 2 hrs by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID1163230Antitrypanocidal activity against suramin-sensitive Trypanosoma brucei brucei Squib427 assessed as reduction in parasite growth after 72 hrs2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID581823Cytotoxicity against human PBMC by MTT assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID1163253Trypanocidal activity against nifurtimox-sensitive Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen CL2 infected in human MRC5 SV2 cells assessed as parasite growth inhibition after 168 hrs by beta-galactosidase assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID260237Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in MT2 cells by MTT assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3
Optimization of diarylamines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323902Inhibition of HIV1 LAI binding to human Caco-2 cells relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells.
AID581820Antiviral activity against R5 tropic HIV1 YU.2 infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production after 2 hrs by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID323900Inhibition of HIV1 LAI binding to human A431 cells relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells.
AID767492Intrinsic solubility of the compound in water at 25 degC after 7 days by HPLC analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 23, Issue:18
Optimization of diarylazines as anti-HIV agents with dramatically enhanced solubility.
AID1163232Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 SV2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID226235Fold resistance (L100I/ WT) was determined2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-05, Volume: 11, Issue:21
Antiviral drug design: computational analyses of the effects of the L100I mutation for HIV-RT on the binding of NNRTIs.
AID198070Inhibitory activity against E138K mutant reverse transcriptase2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Identification of a putative binding site for [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)thymine (TSAO) derivatives at the p51-p66 interface of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID1163233Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human TZM-bl cells assessed as viral inhibition pre-incubated for 30 mins prior to infection measured after 48 hrs by2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID248354Concentration required to inhibit 50% viral production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1-IIIB)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Hierarchical database screenings for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using a pharmacophore model, rigid docking, solvation docking, and MM-PB/SA.
AID581813Antiviral activity against R5 tropic HIV1 YU.2 infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID581810Antiviral activity against X4 tropic HIV1 RF infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID1163234Cytotoxicity against human TZM-bl cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by WST1 assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID323898Antiviral activity against HIV1 BaL assessed as logReduction in viral transmission from human A431 cells to human PBMC by ELISA2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells.
AID581817Cytotoxicity against human TZM-bl cells by MTT assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID1163255Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in human O positive erythrocyte assessed as reduction in parasitemia after 72 hrs2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID199996Effective concentration required against wild type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-05, Volume: 11, Issue:21
Antiviral drug design: computational analyses of the effects of the L100I mutation for HIV-RT on the binding of NNRTIs.
AID581822Antiviral activity against R5 tropic HIV1 R8.BaL infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production after 2 hrs by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID198230Inhibitory activity against wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Identification of a putative binding site for [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)thymine (TSAO) derivatives at the p51-p66 interface of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID259755Cytotoxicity against MT2 cells2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3
Computer-aided design of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID581815Antiviral activity against R5 tropic HIV1 R8.BaL infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assay2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID450502Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16
The search for potent, small molecule NNRTIs: A review.
AID581821Antiviral activity against X4 tropic HIV1 NL4.3 infected in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of p24 antigen production after 2 hrs by ELISA2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID1163231Antitrypanocidal activity against suramin-sensitive Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB-900 assessed as reduction in parasite growth after 72 hrs2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID1163254Antileishmanial activity against Leishmania infantum MHOM/MA (BE)/67 infected in primary peritoneal mouse macrophages assessed as reduction in parasite burdun2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
From human immunodeficiency virus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to potent and selective antitrypanosomal compounds.
AID199991Effective concentration required against L100I mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-05, Volume: 11, Issue:21
Antiviral drug design: computational analyses of the effects of the L100I mutation for HIV-RT on the binding of NNRTIs.
AID260238Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells by MTT assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3
Optimization of diarylamines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID302621Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells by MTT assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22
From docking false-positive to active anti-HIV agent.
AID199980Inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14
Prediction of activity for nonnucleoside inhibitors with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase based on Monte Carlo simulations.
AID581819Antiviral activity against HIV1 A17 harboring reverse transcriptase K103N, Y181C mutant infected in human TZM-b1 cells after 2 hrs by luciferase assays2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.
AID198106Inhibitory activity against R172A mutant reverse transcriptase2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Identification of a putative binding site for [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)thymine (TSAO) derivatives at the p51-p66 interface of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (70)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's10 (14.29)18.2507
2000's35 (50.00)29.6817
2010's25 (35.71)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.34 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.65 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials6 (8.57%)5.53%
Reviews3 (4.29%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other61 (87.14%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Phase I Trial of the Safety, Toxicity, and Acceptability of the Microbicide UC-781 When Topically Applied by HIV-uninfected Women and Men in Botswana [NCT00385554]Phase 10 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Study product is no longer being considered for further development.)
A Phase 1 Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Safety and Acceptability Study of the UC-781 Vaginal Microbicide Gel Formulation Applied Rectally in HIV-1 Seronegative Adults [NCT00408538]Phase 136 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
Phase I Study of the Safety and Acceptability of UC-781 Topical Vaginal Microbicide in Women and Acceptability in Their Male Partners,Chiang Rai, Thailand [NCT00446979]Phase 190 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
Phase I Study of the Safety and Persistence of 0.1% UC-781 Vaginal Gel in HIV-1 Seronegative Women [NCT00441909]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Phase I Study of the Safety and Acceptability of UC-781 Topical Vaginal Microbicide in Heterosexual Women and Their Male Partners [NCT00132444]Phase 190 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		5.29906-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.0510sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0310alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		2.0510divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		210pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		210isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0310aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
nsc 615985
NSC 615985: structure given in first source; potent inhibitor of HIV reproduction		4.250
ag-1549
capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.0210
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		2.0210monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.110aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.110phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
loviride
loviride: structure given in first source; inhibits virion and recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.5420
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		3.89120cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.110naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-6-(phenylsulfanyl)uracil
1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-6-(phenylsulfanyl)uracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil in which positions 1, 5, and 6 are substituted by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and phenylsulfanyl groups, respectively.		2.0110aryl sulfide;
pyrimidone
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.2760aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine
[no description available]		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		2.0510ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		210erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.4220pyrrolidin-2-ones
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		210mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		1.9910mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.06101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
melarsoprol
Melarsoprol: Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.		2.110triazines
monolaurin
monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol		2.05101-monoglyceride;
dodecanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.9640alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.7230dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
carboxin
Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.		2.6830anilide fungicide;
anilide;
enamide;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
secondary carboxamide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		210azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
enilconazole
enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
lamivudine
[no description available]		210monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.6490acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
1-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-6-(phenylthio)thymine
1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylsulfanyl)thymine : A pyrimidone that is thymine which is substituted at positions 1 and 6 by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl group and a phenylsulfanyl group, respectively.		2.4220aryl sulfide;
primary alcohol;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
5-ethyl-1-ethoxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil
5-ethyl-1-ethoxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil: inhibits human HIV-1; structure given in first source		2.0110
1-(2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-n-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)
1-(2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-N-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide): structure given in first source; specific against HIV-1 replication		210
emivirine
emivirine: a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. emivirine : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV.		2.9240pyrimidoneantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.110artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.9640tocol
5-ethyl-1-benzyloxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil
[no description available]		2.0110
cellulose sulfate
cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9		2.0310ether;
flavonoids
gw420867x
GW420867X: structure in first source		2.4120
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		5.2990divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
tak 779
[no description available]		2.0410
etravirine
[no description available]		3.1550aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		4.5470
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0510
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.7430cyclodextrin
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.0510butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
tnk-651
TNK-651: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; structure in first source. 6-benzyl-1-(benzyloxymethyl)-5-isopropyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5, and 6 by benzyloxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.		2.0210pyrimidone
12-hydroxynevirapine
12-hydroxynevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is nevirapine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of the anti-HIV drug, nevirapine.		2.0110aromatic primary alcohol;
cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		drug metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.2990nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dpc 961
[no description available]		2.0210
sodium metabisulfite
sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.0510inorganic sodium saltfood antioxidant
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.0610one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
r 82150
R 82150: structure given in first source; inhibits HIV-1 replication		2.0110
r-82913
R-82913: antiviral target on reverse transcriptase of HIV-1		2.6930
r 86183
[no description available]		3.8230
nsc 629243
NSC 629243: structure given in first source; an anti-HIV drug		2.730
hby 097
HBY 097: a quinoxaline derivative		2.0110
trovirdine
trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.4220
ly 73497
LY 73497: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4220
hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.		2.110
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		2.0510butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rilpivirine
[no description available]		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.110nitrofuran antibiotic
heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin
heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I		2.0710
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		7.9640glycoside
uk 453,061
UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.110aromatic ether
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.0510
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.0410
8-chlorotetrahydroimidazo(4,5,1-jk)(1,4)-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-thione
8-chlorotetrahydroimidazo(4,5,1-jk)(1,4)-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-thione: structure given in first source		1.9910
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.0510ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
piroxicam
[no description available]		2.0810benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		210
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		012.232911
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		114.232911
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3420
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.3420
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		07.0410
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.9910
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.9910