eckol profile

eckol: structure given in first source; isolated from brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura; inhibitor of alpha 2-antiplasmin [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

eckol : A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	145937
CHEMBL ID	471187
CHEBI ID	65819
SCHEMBL ID	2562621
MeSH ID	M0167637

Synonym
4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)dibenzo-p-dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol
dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol, 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-
eckol
bdbm50259982
CHEMBL471187 ,
chebi:65819 ,
dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)-dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol, 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-
1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin
88798-74-7
4a5e8354ub ,
unii-4a5e8354ub
4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol
4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol
SCHEMBL2562621
DTXSID40237333
Q5332934
4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxine-1,3,6,8-tetraol
4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol
dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin-1,3,6,8-tetrol, 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-
HY-114203
CS-0079519
AKOS040745766

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Eckol is a precursor compound representing the dibenzo-1,4-dioxin class of phlorotannins abundant in the"	( Characterizing Eckol as a Therapeutic Aid: A Systematic Review. Choi, JS; Jung, HA; Manandhar, B; Paudel, P; Seong, SH, 2019)	1.59

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Eckol was found to increase the activity of catalase and its protein expression."	( Eckol isolated from Ecklonia cava attenuates oxidative stress induced cell damage in lung fibroblast cells. Chae, S; Ham, YM; Hyun, JW; Joo, HG; Jung, MS; Kang, KA; Kim, HS; Kim, SY; Lee, KH; Lee, NH; Lee, Y; Park, JW; Zhang, R, 2005)	2.49

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Eckol treatment enhanced the expression of HO-1 at the both level of protein and mRNA in HepG2 cells."	( eckol enhances heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2/JNK pathway in HepG2 cells. Jun, YJ; Kim, HR; Kim, JH; Lee, M; Shin, T; Yoon, N, 2014)	2.57
"Eckol treatment resulted in the enhanced level of phosphorylated form, nuclear translocation, ARE-binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2."	( Up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression by eckol, a phlorotannin compound, through activation of Erk and PI3K/Akt. Hyun, JW; Kang, KA; Kang, MY; Kim, GY; Kim, KC; Lee, NH; Lee, SJ; Piao, MJ; Surh, YJ; Zhang, R, 2010)	1.32
"Eckol treatment suppressed expression of the glioma stem-like cell markers and the self-renewal-related proteins without cell death."	( Eckol suppresses maintenance of stemness and malignancies in glioma stem-like cells. An, S; Hyun, JW; Hyun, KH; Kim, MJ; Kim, RK; Lee, SJ; Lim, EJ; Park, MJ; Suh, Y; Yoon, CH, 2011)	2.53

Role	Description
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
antioxidant	A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
phlorotannin	A type of tannin usually found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds. Unlike the hydrolysable or condensed tannins, these compounds are oligomers of phloroglucinol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	IC50 (µMol)	8.8000	0.0040	2.9266	9.9600	AID753310
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Ki	8.2000	0.0075	3.0083	9.1100	AID753309
Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	12.2000	0.0006	1.6194	10.0000	AID483707
Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	13.9000	0.0003	1.3524	8.0000	AID483708
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
proteolysis	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lead ion	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta formation	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ion	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to manganese ion	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor ligand precursor processing	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
amyloid-beta binding	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-aspartyl-peptidase activity	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase binding	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
lysosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
multivesicular body	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle lumen	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (24)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID483708	Noncompetitive inhibition of human recombinant BACE1 after 60 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Molecular docking studies of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis with BACE1 inhibitory activity.
AID393273	Antioxidant activity assessed as APPH generated peroxyl radical scavenging formation by ESR spectrometer	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID661655	Antiinflammatory activity in HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced monocyte migration at 10 uM relative to LPS	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
AID483707	Inhibition of human recombinant BACE1 after 60 mins by FRET assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Molecular docking studies of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis with BACE1 inhibitory activity.
AID661656	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of CMC-Na-induced leukocyte migration into peritoneal cavity at 10 uM relative to CMC-Na	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
AID399513	Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation assessed as CML level at 1 mM after 7 days in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 by ELISA relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	A new phloroglucinol derivative from the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis: potential for the effective treatment of diabetic complications.
AID661657	Antiinflammatory activity in HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of HGMB1-induced monocyte binding to endothelial cells at 10 uM relative to CMC-Na	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
AID753309	Competitive inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease trans-cleavage activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKME as substrate after 60 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID753310	Inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease trans-cleavage activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKME as substrate after 60 mins by FRET assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID393276	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID753304	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for african green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID393271	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID753298	Competitive inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease trans-cleavage activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKME as substrate after 60 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID393274	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID661652	Antiinflammatory activity in HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced hyperpermeability at 10 uM relative to LPS	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
AID753302	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell death by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID393272	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide radical scavenging activity	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID393275	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID393270	Antioxidant activity assessed as Fenton system generated hydroxyl radical scavenging activity by ESR spectrometer	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5	Chemical components and its antioxidant properties in vitro: an edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava.
AID1704263	Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3c-like protease	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 206	The development of Coronavirus 3C-Like protease (3CL
AID661653	Antiinflammatory activity in HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced hyperpermeability at 10 uM relative to acetic acid	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
AID399514	Inhibition of alpha-amylase at 1 mM after 15 mins by dinitrosalicylic acid method relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	A new phloroglucinol derivative from the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis: potential for the effective treatment of diabetic complications.
AID753303	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells using SAVLQSGFRK as substrate at 200 uM after 5 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava.
AID661654	Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as decrease in cell viability up to 20 uM after 24 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Vascular barrier protective effects of eckol and its derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (2.13)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	10 (21.28)	29.6817
2010's	31 (65.96)	24.3611
2020's	5 (10.64)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (4.26%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	45 (95.74%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.07	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	8.78	10	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.08	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.07	1	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.08	1	monoazo compound
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.02	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	7.17	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.05	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.1	1	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.08	1	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.35	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
hesperetin [no description available]	2.08	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
phlorofucofuroeckol a phlorofucofuroeckol A: phlorotannin from Ecklonia kurome; structure given in first source	4.58	7
6,6'-bieckol 6,6'-bieckol: structure given in first source; antiplasmin antag. 6,6'-bieckol : A phlorotanin that is 1,1'-bioxanthrene substituted by 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy groups at position 6 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2', 4, 4', 7, 7', 9 and 9' respectively. It is isolated from an edible marine brown alga Ecklonia cava and exhibits antioxidant activity.	2.44	2	aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin	anti-HIV-1 agent; metabolite; radical scavenger
(-)-gallocatechin gallate (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.	3.35	1	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	4.16	15
8,8'-bieckol 8,8'-bieckol: structure given in first source; antiplasmin antagonist	2.59	2
dieckol dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source. dieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.	5.53	20	aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin	anticoagulant; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; radical scavenger
quercetin [no description available]	3.61	2	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.03	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
daidzein [no description available]	2.08	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
kaempferol 3-o-sophoroside kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside: isolated from leaves of Cassia alata. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside : A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	sophoroside; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
eckstolonol eckstolonol: structure in first source. eckstolonol : A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.	3.19	5	organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle; phlorotannin	metabolite; radical scavenger
7-phloroeckol 7-phloroeckol: isolated from Ecklonia cava; structure in first source. 7-phloroeckol : A phlorotannin that is eckol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy group. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.	4.43	6	aromatic ether; phlorotannin	antioxidant; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; metabolite
karrikinolide karrikinolide: a seed germination stimulant formed during burning of plant material; structure in first source	2.21	1
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.8	10
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.13	1	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.07	1
guanine [no description available]	2.07	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.07	1	oxopurine
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).	3.35	1	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide 3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).	3.35	1	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; monofluorobenzenes; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.44	2
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	2.08	1
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	2.08	1
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.6	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.94	3
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.6	1
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.21	1
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.25	1
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.25	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.25	1
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.25	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.17	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.17	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.59	2
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.59	2
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.21	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2.21	1
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.21	1
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.21	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.1	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.04	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.04	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.06	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.06	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.06	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.06	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.06	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.07	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.07	1
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.03	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.03	1
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.04	1
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.04	1

eckol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (22)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Treatment

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (17)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (47)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.20

Study Types

eckol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (22)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Treatment

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (17)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (47)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.20

Study Types

Related Drugs (32)

Related Conditions (34)