Compounds > imidafenacin
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

imidafenacin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

imidafenacin: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6433090
CHEMBL ID53366
CHEBI ID134720
SCHEMBL ID929680
MeSH IDM0331494

Synonyms (53)

Synonym
imidafenacin
uritos (tn)
D06273
staybla (tn)
170105-16-5
imidafenacin (jan/inn)
CHEBI:134720
uritos
ono-8025
CHEMBL53366
krp-197
staybla
L001601
4-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide
4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide
NCGC00183110-01
4-(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide
imidafenacin [inn]
xjr8y07ljo ,
ono 8025
krp 197
unii-xjr8y07ljo
1h-imidazole-1-butanamide, 2-methyl-alpha,alpha-diphenyl-
FT-0670290
AM84591
imidafenacin [mart.]
imidafenacin [who-dd]
imidafenacin [mi]
imidafenacin [jan]
S5385
CS-3681
SQKXYSGRELMAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SCHEMBL929680
imidafenacin hydrochloride, >=95% (hplc)
HY-B0662
DB09262
J-521484
AKOS030526649
4-(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide, aldrichcpr
mfcd09833703
4-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide hydrochloride
2-methyl-|a,|a-diphenyl-1h-imidazole-1-butanamide hydrochloride
Q6003989
AS-47648
krp-197;ono-8025
BCP10054
HMS3886C04
CCG-267694
NCGC00183110-02
EX-A4417
F14841
A882053
DTXSID00870104

Research Excerpts

Overview

Imidafenacin is a potent and selective antagonist of M. It may improve the urodynamic parameters of patients with SCI, and it possibly alleviates bladder complications.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Imidafenacin is an AM drug with excellent efficacy, tolerability, and safety. "( Imidafenacin for the treatment of overactive bladder.
Ferrero, S; Leone Roberti Maggiore, U; Scala, C; Venturini, PL, 2013)		3.28
"Imidafenacin is a potent and selective antagonist of M"( Urinary Excretion Contributes to Long-Lasting Blockade of Bladder Muscarinic Receptors by Imidafenacin: Effect of Bilateral Ureteral Ligation.
Endo, S; Ito, Y; Kuraoka, S; Onoue, S; Takahashi, A; Yamada, S, 2017)		2.12
"Imidafenacin is a safe drug that may improve the urodynamic parameters of patients with SCI, and it possibly alleviates bladder complications."( Effect of imidafenacin on the urodynamic parameters of patients with indwelling bladder catheters due to spinal cord injury.
Liu, M; Mori, T; Okisio, N; Sugiyama, H; Uemura, O; Unai, K, 2017)		2.3
"Imidafenacin (KRP-197) is a novel antimuscarinic agent for overactive bladder treatment. "( In vivo bladder selectivity of imidafenacin, a novel antimuscarinic agent, assessed by using an effectiveness index for bladder capacity in rats.
Anraku, T; Muraki, Y; Yamazaki, T, 2011)		2.1

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Treatment with imidafenacin significantly improved OAB symptoms. "( Effect of imidafenacin on nocturia and sleep disorder in patients with overactive bladder.
Fujisawa, M; Hou, K; Iuchi, H; Kakizaki, H; Kita, M; Kunieda, M; Kura, T; Matsumoto, S; Nakata, Y; Niibori, D; Numata, A; Osanai, H; Saga, Y; Taniguchi, A; Wada, N; Watanabe, M; Yamaguchi, S, 2012)		1.13

Toxicity

The overall incidence of adverse events and the incidence of dry mouth were significantly higher in the imidafenacin group than in the mirabegron group. The most common adverse event was a dry mouth (40%)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Imidafenacin was well tolerated, the most common adverse event being a dry mouth (40."( Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the novel anti-muscarinic agent imidafenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder.
Homma, Y; Yamaguchi, O, 2008)		1.48
" The AMs used to treat OAB differ in their pharmacological profiles, which may affect their potential for causing adverse effects (AEs)."( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of antimuscarinic drugs for overactive bladder treatment in females.
Alessandri, F; Candiani, M; Ferrero, S; Leone Roberti Maggiore, U; Origoni, M; Remorgida, V; Salvatore, S; Venturini, PL, 2012)		0.38
"5%) patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events in group I and group S, respectively."( Long-term safety and efficacy of two different antimuscarinics, imidafenacin and solifenacin, for treatment of overactive bladder: a prospective randomized controlled study.
Fukumoto, K; Hara, R; Koide, T; Miyaji, Y; Nagai, A; Yokoyama, T, 2013)		0.63
"Combined tamsulosin and imidafenacin treatment is effective and safe in patients with BPH with persistent OAB symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy."( Clinical efficacy and safety of imidafenacin as add-on treatment for persistent overactive bladder symptoms despite α-blocker treatment in patients with BPH: the ADDITION study.
Gotoh, M; Masumori, N; Nishizawa, O; Takahashi, S; Takeda, M; Yoshida, M, 2013)		0.98
" Safety assessments included adverse events, vital signs, post-void residual volume and patient-reported incidence, and severity of distinctive symptoms related to adverse events."( Comparison of mirabegron and imidafenacin for efficacy and safety in Japanese female patients with overactive bladder: A randomized controlled trial (COMFORT study).
Furuse, H; Kageyama, S; Kitagawa, M; Matsumoto, R; Nagae, H; Otsuka, A; Ozono, S; Suzuki, T, 2016)		0.73
" The overall incidence of adverse events and the incidence of dry mouth were significantly higher in the imidafenacin group than in the mirabegron group."( Comparison of mirabegron and imidafenacin for efficacy and safety in Japanese female patients with overactive bladder: A randomized controlled trial (COMFORT study).
Furuse, H; Kageyama, S; Kitagawa, M; Matsumoto, R; Nagae, H; Otsuka, A; Ozono, S; Suzuki, T, 2016)		0.94
"Treatment with 50 mg mirabegron once daily effectively relieves overactive bladder symptoms in women with fewer adverse events than treatment with antimuscarinics."( Comparison of mirabegron and imidafenacin for efficacy and safety in Japanese female patients with overactive bladder: A randomized controlled trial (COMFORT study).
Furuse, H; Kageyama, S; Kitagawa, M; Matsumoto, R; Nagae, H; Otsuka, A; Ozono, S; Suzuki, T, 2016)		0.73
"Tamsulosin, dutasteride and imidafenacin combination therapy improves overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life without causing serious adverse drug reactions in patients with enlarged prostate not responding to tamsulosin."( Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with tamsulosin, dutasteride and imidafenacin for the management of overactive bladder symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial (DIrecT Study)
Asakura, H; Seki, N; Tokunaga, S; Yamanishi, T, 2017)		0.98
" Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms, post-void residual volume, and laboratory evaluations."( Long-term safety and efficacy of antimuscarinic add-on therapy in patients with overactive bladder who had a suboptimal response to mirabegron monotherapy: A multicenter, randomized study in Japan (MILAI II study).
Gotoh, M; Hamada, T; Homma, Y; Igawa, Y; Kakizaki, H; Kobayashi, A; Kuroishi, K; Nishizawa, O; Okitsu, A; Seki, N; Takeda, M; Yamaguchi, O; Yokoyama, O; Yoshida, M, 2019)		0.51
"1% women, mean age 65 years) experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event, with similar rates for all treatments."( Long-term safety and efficacy of antimuscarinic add-on therapy in patients with overactive bladder who had a suboptimal response to mirabegron monotherapy: A multicenter, randomized study in Japan (MILAI II study).
Gotoh, M; Hamada, T; Homma, Y; Igawa, Y; Kakizaki, H; Kobayashi, A; Kuroishi, K; Nishizawa, O; Okitsu, A; Seki, N; Takeda, M; Yamaguchi, O; Yokoyama, O; Yoshida, M, 2019)		0.51
" CV safety was assessed using treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, and 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs)."( Cardiovascular safety of antimuscarinic add-on therapy in patients with overactive bladder who had a suboptimal response to mirabegron monotherapy: A post hoc analysis from the Japanese MILAI II study.
Hamada, T; Igawa, Y; Kato, D; Katoh, T; Kuroishi, K; Yamaguchi, O, 2020)		0.56
" Adverse events were reported in 35 subjects (44."( A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imidafenacin in patients with overactive bladder in Taiwan.
Chou, CL; Chow, PM; Chuang, YC; Kuo, HC; Lee, HY; Lien, CS; Lin, CC; Meng, E; Tsui, KH, 2021)		0.84

Pharmacokinetics

This study was designed to update the population pharmacokinetic model and investigate the exposure-response (efficacy and safety) and concentration-QT relationships for imidafenacin. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from measurements of the concentration of imidahfenacin in serum, the bladder, and the submaxillary gland.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of imidafenacin and to explore the factors that affect the pharmacokinetics of imidafenecin."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist, imidafenacin, in healthy volunteers and overactive bladder patients.
Kitagawa, J; Konomi, T; Miyabe, H; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Nakayama, K; Ohno, T, 2008)		0.8
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from measurements of the concentration of imidafenacin in serum, the bladder, and the submaxillary gland by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry."( Selective binding of bladder muscarinic receptors in relation to the pharmacokinetics of a novel antimuscarinic agent, imidafenacin, to treat overactive bladder.
Fukata, A; Ito, Y; Nakamura, M; Ogoda, M; Seki, M; Yamada, S, 2011)		0.8
"This study was designed to update the population pharmacokinetic model and investigate the exposure-response (efficacy and safety) and concentration-QT relationships for imidafenacin, a synthetic orally active muscarinic receptor antagonist."( Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationship of a muscarinic receptor antagonist, imidafenacin.
Hasegawa, C; Miyabe, H; Nakade, S; Ogawa, M; Ohno, T; Ouchi, T; Shibakawa, K, 2013)		0.8

Bioavailability

Imidafenacin is rapidly and well absorbed (at least 65% of dose recovered in urine) after oral administration. Circulates in human plasma as the unchanged form, its glucuronide, and other metabolites. Then excreted in urine and feces as the oxidized metabolites of 2-methylimidazole moiety.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These findings indicate that imidafenacin is rapidly and well absorbed (at least 65% of dose recovered in urine) after oral administration, circulates in human plasma as the unchanged form, its glucuronide, and other metabolites, and is then excreted in urine and feces as the oxidized metabolites of 2-methylimidazole moiety."( Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]imidafenacin, a new compound for treatment of overactive bladder, after oral administration to healthy male subjects.
Miura, M; Ohmori, S; Ooie, T; Satoh, Y; Toriumi, C, 2007)		0.89
"The absolute bioavailability of imidafenacin in human is 57."( Absolute bioavailability of imidafenacin after oral administration to healthy subjects.
Kitagawa, J; Masuda, Y; Miyabe, H; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Nakayama, K; Ohno, T; Ueda, S, 2008)		0.92
"The absolute oral bioavailability of imidafenacin was 57."( Absolute bioavailability of imidafenacin after oral administration to healthy subjects.
Kitagawa, J; Masuda, Y; Miyabe, H; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Nakayama, K; Ohno, T; Ueda, S, 2008)		0.91
"The absolute mean oral bioavailability of imidafenacin was determined to be 57."( Absolute bioavailability of imidafenacin after oral administration to healthy subjects.
Kitagawa, J; Masuda, Y; Miyabe, H; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Nakayama, K; Ohno, T; Ueda, S, 2008)		0.9
" The results of the population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that oral clearance was decreased with advancing age, increasing hepatic function parameters (AST and ALP), food intake, and itraconazole coadministration, while the first-order absorption rate constant was decreased with food intake."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist, imidafenacin, in healthy volunteers and overactive bladder patients.
Kitagawa, J; Konomi, T; Miyabe, H; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Nakayama, K; Ohno, T, 2008)		0.57

Dosage Studied

The objective of this study was to formulate once-a-day extended-release (ER) pellet system of imidafenacin (IDN), a recently approved urinary antispasmodic agent.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To evaluate the efficacy, safety/tolerability, and dose-response relationship of imidafenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-finding study of the novel anti-muscarinic agent imidafenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder.
Homma, Y; Yamaguchi, O; Yamaguchi, T, 2008)		0.78
"The objective of this study was to formulate once-a-day extended-release (ER) pellet system of imidafenacin (IDN), a recently approved urinary antispasmodic agent with twice-a-day dosing regimen."( Novel Extended-Release Multiple-Unit System of Imidafenacin Prepared by Fluid-Bed Coating Technique.
Choi, YW; Goh, MS; Ho, MJ; Im, SH; Kang, MJ; Kim, CH; Lee, ES; Shin, TH, 2018)		0.96
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
diarylmethaneAny compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency39.81070.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)Kb0.00410.00150.05940.4100AID142744; AID142745
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.00410.00410.00630.0085AID142744
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.00410.00410.00630.0085AID142744
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.00410.00410.00630.0085AID142744
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.00410.00410.00630.0085AID142744
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.00410.00150.00540.0085AID142744
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (13)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
response to virusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (3)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
arrestin family protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
symmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (13)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID229681Selectivity ratio for Kb values at M1 and M3 receptors1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 8, Issue:14
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (1).
AID140994Antimuscarinic activity against muscarinic acetylcholine M3-receptor in guinea pig ileum1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 9, Issue:20
Design, synthesis and antimuscarinic activity of some imidazolium derivatives.
AID229682Selectivity ratio for Kb values at M2 and M3 receptors1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 8, Issue:14
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (1).
AID419509Volume of distribution at steady state in human at 0.1 mg/kg administered 15 mins infusion2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 52, Issue:14
In silico prediction of volume of distribution in human using linear and nonlinear models on a 669 compound data set.
AID140996Antimuscarinic activity against M3 receptor of guinea pig ileum1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (2).
AID142744Antimuscarinic activity against muscarinic acetylcholine M2-receptor in guinea pig atria1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 9, Issue:20
Design, synthesis and antimuscarinic activity of some imidazolium derivatives.
AID142610Antimuscarinic activity against muscarinic M1 receptor in rabbit vas deferens1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 8, Issue:14
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (1).
AID419510Total clearance in human at 0.1 mg/kg administered 15 mins infusion2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 52, Issue:14
In silico prediction of volume of distribution in human using linear and nonlinear models on a 669 compound data set.
AID142746Antimuscarinic activity against M2 receptor of guinea pig atrium1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (2).
AID140995Antimuscarinic activity was evaluated against muscarinic M3 receptor in Guinea-Pig ileum1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 8, Issue:14
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (1).
AID142745Antimuscarinic activity was evaluated against muscarinic M2 receptor in Guinea-Pig atria1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 8, Issue:14
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (1).
AID232448Selectivity ratio between Kb values of M2-receptor (atria) and M3-receptor (ileum)1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 9, Issue:20
Design, synthesis and antimuscarinic activity of some imidazolium derivatives.
AID229680Selectivity ratio was calculated between Kb values at M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
Novel imidazole derivatives with subtype-selective antimuscarinic activity (2).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (78)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's4 (5.13)18.2507
2000's20 (25.64)29.6817
2010's50 (64.10)24.3611
2020's4 (5.13)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 45.69

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index45.69 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.66 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.25 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index67.93 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (45.69)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials27 (34.62%)5.53%
Reviews6 (7.69%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (1.28%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other44 (56.41%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		210imidazole
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.		2.1310quaternary ammonium ioncholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.1110quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		5.280acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.0710aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		2.4520xanthenes
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		8.32104diarylmethane
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		3.8330ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0610aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		5.4741quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.66441,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		3.8730amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0510piperidines
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		8.4311aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
bidisomide
bidisomide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510acetamides
sabeluzole
sabeluzole: structure given in first source		2.0510benzothiazoles
lubeluzole
lubeluzole: a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer		2.0510benzothiazoles
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		2.0610
oleandomycin
[no description available]		2.0510oleandomycins
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		1.9910hydrochloride
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
eudragit rs
Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules		2.1710
l 692429
L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0510
sinitrodil
sinitrodil: structure in first source		2.0510
3-(n-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin
3-(N-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin: thiol-specific biotinylating reagent; structure given in first source		2.0610peptide
tamsulosin
[no description available]		6.56445-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		2.0510benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
solifenacin succinate
Solifenacin Succinate: A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE.		7.8683isoquinolines
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		4.3930
candoxatrilat
candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		9.39301-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		7.1110capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		4.3541cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		210iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		7.5120indolecarboxamide
ridogrel
[no description available]		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.1310carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
clazosentan
clazosentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist used for cerebral vasospasm; structure in first source;		2.0510
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0510
laniquidar
laniquidar: structure in first source		2.0510
u 62840
U 62840: stereoisomeric benzindene prostaglandin analog; structure given in first source		2.0510carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
human blood serum metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent;
vitamin K antagonist
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		5.233(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		10.7931diarylmethane
pnu 200577
5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine: a metabolite of tolterodine		2.1110diarylmethane
mirabegron
mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.		5.66441,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		beta-adrenergic agonist
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
tolterodine tartrate
Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.		7.8284tartrate salt
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		2.1310
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		3.4211ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
pelrinone
pelrinone: structure given in first source		2.0510
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.9821
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		012.474120
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.6411
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		114.474120
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		03.5911
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		03.5911
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.2110
Urge Incontinence
[description not available]		04.231
Urinary Incontinence, Urge
Involuntary discharge of URINE that is associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void. It is usually related to the involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle of the bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia or detrusor instability).		04.231
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		06.9555
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		06.9555
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		02.1510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.4420
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.1510
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		04.0850
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom
[description not available]		09.4822
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		04.8621
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.		03.5911
Asialia
[description not available]		05.6832
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		04.8621
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		06.4253
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		05.6832
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic
[description not available]		02.0810
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.7630
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.		02.0810
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7830
Nycturia
[description not available]		06.262
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		02.7830
Nocturia
Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).		06.262
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		03.8721
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.110
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.110
Urethral Obstruction
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.		07.1310
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		02.1310
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.1510
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.1510
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		03.3620
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.0510
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0510
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		03.3620
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.9910
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.9910
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0310
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.4311
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.4311
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		0210