besifloxacin profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10178705
CHEMBL ID	1201760
CHEBI ID	135622
SCHEMBL ID	725805
MeSH ID	M0518848

Synonym
besifloxacin
CHEBI:135622
AKOS005145882
CHEMBL1201760
isv-403
141388-76-3
bfe2nbz7nx ,
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 7-(3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-, (r)-
unii-bfe2nbz7nx
besifloxacin [inn]
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 7-((3r)-3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-
(+)-7-((3r)-3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
besifloxacin [mart.]
besifloxacin [vandf]
besifloxacine
besifloxacin [mi]
besifloxacin [who-dd]
S5941
DB06771
SCHEMBL725805
7-[(3r)-3-aminoazepan-1-yl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
(r)-7-(3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
AB01565807_02
DTXSID00161706 ,
AC-8867
Q3638978
7-[(3r)-3-aminoazepan-1-yl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 7-[(3r)-3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-
NCGC00386381-04
NCGC00386381-02
A23458
EN300-19769057
(r)-7-(3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolin
HY-14762
CS-0003546
Z2235811595
besifloxacino
7-(3-aminohexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
besifloxacin (mart.)
dtxcid0084197
besifloxacinum
s01ae08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Besifloxacin (BSF) is a synthetic chiral fluoroquinolone developed for the topical treatment of ophthalmic infections. "	( Quantitative evaluation of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension by HPLC, application to bioassay method and cytotoxicity studies. Andrade, JM; Barden, AT; Costa, MC; Oppe, TP; Schapoval, EE, 2014)	2.14
"Besifloxacin is a fourth-generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone registered for the topical treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. "	( Rapid, sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of topically applied besifloxacin in rabbit plasma and ocular tissues: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. Di, B; Du, YX; Gu, XF; Mao, BY; Su, MX; Wu, WX; Xia, M; Yang, DS; Yang, Y; Zhang, JL, 2016)	2.1
"Besifloxacin is a unique chiral broad-spectrum flouroquinolone used in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. "	( Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Determination of Enantiomeric Impurity in Besifloxacin Hydrochloride. Hiriyanna, SG; Khandelwal, K; Kumar, A; Kumar, GP; Kumar, P; Kumar, R; Srivastava, V, 2016)	2.11
"Besifloxacin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in corneal epithelial cells in vitro, by inhibiting the NFkappaB and MAPK pathways. "	( Anti-inflammatory effects of besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, in primary human corneal epithelial cells. Cavet, ME; Ward, KW; Zhang, JZ, 2008)	2.08
"Besifloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone in development for ocular use. "	( Target specificity of the new fluoroquinolone besifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Aubry, A; Cambau, E; Corbel, C; Driot, JY; Fisher, LM; Lascols, C; Matrat, S; Pan, XS; Roth Dit Bettoni, R, 2009)	2.05
"Besifloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone anti-infective developed for ophthalmic use. "	( Besifloxacin, a new ophthalmic fluoroquinolone for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Bertino, JS; Zhang, JZ, 2009)	3.24
"Besifloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone that, like other fluoroquinolones, acts by inhibiting the essential bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. "	( Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%. Carter, NJ; Scott, LJ, 2010)	3.25
"Besifloxacin is a new topical fluoroquinolone, the first chlorofluoroquinolone, for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis."	( Efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in children and adolescents with bacterial conjunctivitis: a post hoc, subgroup analysis of three randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trials. Comstock, TL; Paterno, MR; Pichichero, ME; Usner, DW, 2010)	1.39
"Besifloxacin is a topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolone that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2009 for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible bacterial strains."	( Besifloxacin: a topical fluoroquinolone for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Chang, MH; Fung, HB, 2010)	3.25
"Besifloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone that was recently approved for topical treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. "	( Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Haas, W; Hesje, CK; Morris, TW; Pillar, CM; Sanfilippo, CM, 2010)	2.11
"Besifloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone, specifically a chloro-fluoroquinolone, with potent broad-spectrum bactericidal activity for the topical treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis."	( Safety and tolerability of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: data from six clinical and phase I safety studies. Comstock, TL; Decory, HH; Paterno, MR; Usner, DW, 2010)	2.1
"Besifloxacin is a topical fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of ocular pathogens, including drug-resistant strains. "	( Efficacy and tolerability of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% administered twice daily for 3 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study in adults and childre Allaire, C; Bateman, KM; Comstock, TL; Gearinger, LS; Morris, TW; Silverstein, BE, 2011)	2.1
"Besifloxacin hydrochloride is a novel chiral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone developed for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. "	( Determination of enantiomeric impurity in besifloxacin hydrochloride by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. Chen, Z; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Yu, L; Zeng, S; Zhu, F, 2012)	2.09
"Besifloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed to provide alternative coverage for ocular pathogens with current and emerging in vitro and in vivo resistance to present fluoroquinolones and other commonly dispensed ocular antibiotics. "	( Comparative in vitro susceptibility of besifloxacin and seven comparators against ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-susceptible/nonsusceptible staphylococci. Alfonso, EC; Chang, JS; Flynn, HW; Miller, D, 2013)	2.1
"Besifloxacin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in monocytes in vitro; this attribute may enhance its efficacy in ocular infections with an inflammatory component and warrants further investigation."	( Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, exhibits potent inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human THP-1 monocytes. Ward, KW; Zhang, JZ, 2008)	3.23

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Besifloxacin had an 8-fold lower MIC for MRSA than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin and was significantly more effective than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in reducing the number of MRSA in the rabbit cornea 16 hours after infection."	( Efficacy of besifloxacin in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Marquart, ME; Moore, QC; Norcross, EW; Sanders, ME; Shafiee, A, 2009)	2.17
"Besifloxacin had an 8-fold lower MIC for MRSA than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, and was significantly more effective than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in reducing the number of MRSA in the rabbit cornea."	( Efficacy of besifloxacin in an early treatment model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Marquart, ME; Moore, QC; Norcross, EW; Sanders, ME; Shafiee, A, 2010)	1.46

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Besifloxacin treatment resulted in robust eradication rates of these infections comparable to monobacterial infections."	( Characterization of baseline polybacterial versus monobacterial infections in three randomized controlled bacterial conjunctivitis trials and microbial outcomes with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6. Blondeau, JM; DeCory, HH; Proskin, HM; Sanfilippo, CM, 2020)	1.47
"Besifloxacin-treated eyes had significantly lower CFU recovered as compared with that of gatifloxacin- and moxifloxacin-treated eyes (P < 0.05)."	( Comparison of besifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin against strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa with different quinolone susceptibility patterns in a rabbit model of keratitis. Hesje, CK; Marquart, ME; Moore, QC; Norcross, EW; Sanders, ME; Sanfilippo, CM; Shafiee, A, 2011)	1.45
"Treatment with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% administered twice daily for 3 days was effective and safe in adults and children with bacterial conjunctivitis."	( Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% administered twice daily for 3 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children. Allaire, C; Bateman, KM; Comstock, TL; DeLeon, J; Gearinger, LS; Morris, TW; Silverstein, BE, 2012)	2.17

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Fewer eyes receiving besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension experienced adverse events than those receiving vehicle (9."	( Phase III efficacy and safety study of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Brunner, LS; Comstock, TL; Haas, W; Heller, WH; Morris, TW; Paterno, MR; Tepedino, ME; Usner, DW, 2009)	0.94
"Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension produces clinical resolution and microbial eradication rates significantly better than vehicle and is safe for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis."	( Phase III efficacy and safety study of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Brunner, LS; Comstock, TL; Haas, W; Heller, WH; Morris, TW; Paterno, MR; Tepedino, ME; Usner, DW, 2009)	2.06
" The safety evaluation included adverse events, changes in visual acuity, and biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy findings in all patients who received at least 1 dose of active treatment or vehicle."	( Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, 5-day efficacy and safety study. Brunner, LS; Comstock, TL; Depaolis, M; Hunter, JA; Karpecki, P; Paterno, MR; Rigel, L; Usner, DW; White, EM, 2009)	1.8
" The cumulative frequency of adverse events did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (69/137 [50."	( Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, 5-day efficacy and safety study. Brunner, LS; Comstock, TL; Depaolis, M; Hunter, JA; Karpecki, P; Paterno, MR; Rigel, L; Usner, DW; White, EM, 2009)	1.8
" The cumulative frequency of ocular adverse events was similar between treatments (12% and 14% with besifloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively)."	( Efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% compared with moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% for treating bacterial conjunctivitis. Brunner, LS; Comstock, TL; Haas, W; McDonald, MB; Morris, TW; Paterno, MR; Protzko, EE; Usner, DW, 2009)	0.88
" Besifloxacin was well tolerated, with similar incidences of adverse events in the besifloxacin, vehicle, and moxifloxacin groups."	( Efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in children and adolescents with bacterial conjunctivitis: a post hoc, subgroup analysis of three randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trials. Comstock, TL; Paterno, MR; Pichichero, ME; Usner, DW, 2010)	1.58
"6% was shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in children and adolescents aged 1-17 years."	( Efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in children and adolescents with bacterial conjunctivitis: a post hoc, subgroup analysis of three randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trials. Comstock, TL; Paterno, MR; Pichichero, ME; Usner, DW, 2010)	0.67
" Safety assessments included changes in visual acuity, ocular assessments with ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy, and assessment of adverse events (AEs)."	( Safety and tolerability of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: data from six clinical and phase I safety studies. Comstock, TL; Decory, HH; Paterno, MR; Usner, DW, 2010)	0.66
"We determined whether Besivance (Bausch & Lomb), AzaSite (Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc; both with DuraSite bioadhesive [InSite Vision, Inc]) and ciprofloxacin are toxic inside the anterior chamber."	( An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite, and Ciprofloxacin. Davis, DK; Donnenfeld, ED; Maddula, S; Mamalis, N; Ness, PJ; Olson, RJ; Werner, L, 2010)	0.36
" Vital staining and histopathologic evaluation revealed glaucomatous and toxic damage in eyes given DuraSite-based medications, whereas non-DuraSite groups showed minimal changes."	( An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite, and Ciprofloxacin. Davis, DK; Donnenfeld, ED; Maddula, S; Mamalis, N; Ness, PJ; Olson, RJ; Werner, L, 2010)	0.36
"DuraSite blocks the trabecular meshwork and may be additionally toxic when introduced as a large bolus."	( An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite, and Ciprofloxacin. Davis, DK; Donnenfeld, ED; Maddula, S; Mamalis, N; Ness, PJ; Olson, RJ; Werner, L, 2010)	0.36
" However these toxic effects of besifloxacin were transient and reversible and no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were 300 mg/kg/day for acute and 100 mg/kg/day for repeated dose toxicity study, respectively."	( Acute and twenty-eight days repeated oral dose toxicity study of besifloxacin in Wistar albino rats. Das, A; Nandi, U; Pal, TK; Roy, B, 2011)	0.89
" Main outcomes included the incidence and types of adverse events reported by the subject or observed by the investigator at each study visit."	( The safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6 % used three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ackerman, S; Allaire, C; Gearinger, LS; Malhotra, R; Morris, TW, 2013)	0.75
"Thirty-one ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported by 28 subjects in the study eye; 19 occurred in 17/344 (4."	( The safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6 % used three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ackerman, S; Allaire, C; Gearinger, LS; Malhotra, R; Morris, TW, 2013)	0.75
"6 % is safe in patients aged 1 year and older when used TID for 7 days."	( The safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6 % used three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ackerman, S; Allaire, C; Gearinger, LS; Malhotra, R; Morris, TW, 2013)	0.75
" The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in cataract and LASIK surgery patients. Clinch, TE; Majmudar, PA, 2014)	0.8
" Safety was assessed by the incidence of ocular and nonocular treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), changes in visual acuity, and biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy findings."	( Clinical and Antibacterial Efficacy and Safety of Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension Compared With Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution. Comstock, TL; Garg, P; Mathur, U; Morris, TW; Sony, P; Tandon, R, )	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic modeling from these data indicated that BOL-303224-A has the potential to demonstrate efficacy against ophthalmologic pathogens with a TID dosing regimen."	( Nonclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of BOL-303224-A, a novel fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent for topical ophthalmic use. Driot, JY; Lepage, JF; Ward, KW, 2007)	0.34
"African green monkeys may be a suitable model for preclinical ocular pharmacokinetic studies."	( The use of the African green monkey as a preclinical model for ocular pharmacokinetic studies. Glogowski, S; Goody, RJ; Lawrence, MS; Proksch, JW; Ward, KW, 2012)	0.38
" The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of besifloxacin in rabbit plasma and ocular tissues after single and multiple topical administrations."	( Rapid, sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of topically applied besifloxacin in rabbit plasma and ocular tissues: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. Di, B; Du, YX; Gu, XF; Mao, BY; Su, MX; Wu, WX; Xia, M; Yang, DS; Yang, Y; Zhang, JL, 2016)	0.89

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Pharmacokinetic modeling from these data indicated that BOL-303224-A has the potential to demonstrate efficacy against ophthalmologic pathogens with a TID dosing regimen."	( Nonclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of BOL-303224-A, a novel fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent for topical ophthalmic use. Driot, JY; Lepage, JF; Ward, KW, 2007)	0.34
"1%) rates on day 5 +/- 1 of treatment (coprimary endpoints) in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre trial; both drugs were administered at a dosage of one drop in the affected eye(s) three times daily for 5 days."	( Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%. Carter, NJ; Scott, LJ, 2010)	1.8
"To determine the aqueous humor concentrations of moxifloxacin and besifloxacin after routine preoperative topical dosing in patients having cataract surgery."	( Aqueous penetration of moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution and besifloxacin 0.6% ophthalmic suspension in cataract surgery patients. Kim, A; Pratzer, KA; Stark, WJ; Yoshida, J, 2010)	0.84
" Besifloxacin levels were also higher during the first 3 h following dosing in the tear fluid of African green monkeys, but lower in the iris/ciliary body during this timeframe."	( The use of the African green monkey as a preclinical model for ocular pharmacokinetic studies. Glogowski, S; Goody, RJ; Lawrence, MS; Proksch, JW; Ward, KW, 2012)	1.29
"6% dosed twice daily."	( Microbiological etiology and susceptibility of bacterial conjunctivitis isolates from clinical trials with ophthalmic, twice-daily besifloxacin. Gearinger, LS; Haas, W; Hesje, CK; Morris, TW; Sanfilippo, CM, 2012)	0.58
"6 % (Besivance(®); Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) was approved by the FDA in 2009 for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, with a recommended 7-day dosing regimen."	( The safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6 % used three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ackerman, S; Allaire, C; Gearinger, LS; Malhotra, R; Morris, TW, 2013)	0.75
" Besifloxacin was compared with placebo in 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trials, dosed twice a day for 3 days."	( The role of besifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Buckley, WA; Clark, S; Hornecker, JR; Mahvan, TD, 2014)	1.69
" Twice-a-day dosing for 3 days was also effective-a simplified regimen compared with other fluoroquinolones."	( The role of besifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Buckley, WA; Clark, S; Hornecker, JR; Mahvan, TD, 2014)	0.78
" The frequency of preoperative and/or postoperative dosing was generally lower for besifloxacin than that for moxifloxacin."	( Safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in cataract and LASIK surgery patients. Clinch, TE; Majmudar, PA, 2014)	1.03
" Studies have attested to its in vitro potency against a broad range of bacteria, as well as its efficacy in clinical studies of bacterial conjunctivitis when dosed 2 or 3 times a day."	( Besifloxacin in the management of bacterial infections of the ocular surface. Blondeau, J; Deschênes, J, 2015)	1.86
" Both TSA coated inserts as well as inserts containing HP-β-CD-drug complex were effectively reducing bacterial keratitis in rabbit eyes upon single-dose application compared to multiple dosing with the commercial drug."	( Development of besifloxacin HCl loaded nanofibrous ocular inserts for the treatment of bacterial keratitis: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Aytekin, E; Bozdağ Pehlivan, S; Çalamak, S; Çalış, S; Fırat, A; İrkeç, M; Kocabeyoğlu, S; Özkul, C; Öztürk, N; Polat, HK; Ulubayram, K, 2020)	0.91

Class	Description
quinolines	A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (117)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID559063	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus constellatus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559489	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella sp. by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559058	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559059	Antibacterial activity against non-levofloxacin susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559081	Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559083	Antibacterial activity against Neisseria meningitidis by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559510	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. 'group C' assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559084	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559045	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559048	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559080	Antibacterial activity against Legionella pneumophila by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559076	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559529	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559046	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559082	Antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559508	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus warneri assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559055	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. 'group C' by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559065	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559060	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559050	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus hominis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID1888649	Antibacterial activity against wild type Staphylococcus aureus assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559062	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus bovis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559545	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin-susceptible Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559075	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559077	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559056	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. group F by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID1888648	Antibacterial activity against rifampicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring RpoBH481Y mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559068	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sanguinis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559070	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559049	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus haemolyticus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559488	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus sp. by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559533	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559057	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. 'group G' by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559505	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus hominis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559073	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter koseri by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559541	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559487	Antibacterial activity against Fusobacterium sp. by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559260	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559521	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus oralis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559047	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559486	Antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559066	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus oralis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559078	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559530	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559490	Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559053	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus warneri by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559484	Antibacterial activity against non-levofloxacin susceptible Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID1888652	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559051	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus lugdunensis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559531	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559074	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559504	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus haemolyticus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559086	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559069	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559507	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559542	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559526	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter lwoffii assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559499	Antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559517	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus bovis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559067	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus salivarius by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559064	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus intermedius by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559052	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559042	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecalis by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559539	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559514	Antibacterial activity against non-levofloxacin susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559085	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559511	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. group F assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559043	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecium by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559544	Antibacterial activity against non-levofloxacin susceptible Stenotrophomonas maltophilia assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559044	Antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559515	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559525	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559491	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559485	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559071	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter lwoffii by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559072	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID1888650	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring ParCS80F and GyrAS84L double mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559054	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559061	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus anginosus by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559536	Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559532	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559509	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559527	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559520	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559483	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559079	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559494	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus sp. assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559496	Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559519	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus intermedius assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559543	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin susceptible Serratia marcescens assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559041	Drug concentration in human tears at 0.6% administered topically as single dose measured after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559492	Antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559512	Antibacterial activity against Lancefield Streptococcus sp. 'group G' assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559534	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559516	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus anginosus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559546	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin-susceptible Stenotrophomonas maltophilia assessed as assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559040	Drug concentration in human tears at 0.6% administered topically as single dose measured after 10 mins	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559500	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559493	Antibacterial activity against Fusobacterium sp. assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559513	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559535	Antibacterial activity against Legionella pneumophila assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559537	Antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559497	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecalis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559540	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559495	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella sp. assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M11-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559524	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559523	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sanguinis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559501	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559528	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter koseri assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559518	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus constellatus assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559506	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus lugdunensis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID1888651	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus harboring RpoBH481Y/ParCS80F/GyrAS84L triple mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559538	Antibacterial activity against Neisseria meningitidis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M7-A7 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559498	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecium assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559502	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559503	Antibacterial activity against non-ciprofloxacin-susceptible and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AID559522	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus salivarius assessed as percent susceptible isolates by CLSI M100-S18 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	14 (19.72)	29.6817
2010's	51 (71.83)	24.3611
2020's	6 (8.45)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	15 (20.27%)	5.53%
Reviews	8 (10.81%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (2.70%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	49 (66.22%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Contralateral Study To Evaluate Corneal Endothelial Cell Density Changes In Healthy Subjects, When Administered 0.6% ISV-403 Three Times Daily For Five Days [NCT01120418]	Phase 1	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension in Patients With Bacterial Keratitis: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study [NCT02497365]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
A Single-Center, Randomized, Masked Study Comparing the Concentration of Besifloxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Moxifloxacin in Human Conjunctiva After a Single Topical Instillation [NCT00905762]	Phase 1	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of 0.6% ISV-403 Compared to Vehicle in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis. [NCT00347932]	Phase 3	957 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.6% BID Compared to Vehicle in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis. [NCT00972777]	Phase 2/Phase 3	474 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Parallel-group Study of Ocular Penetration of Peri-operative Topically Administered Fluoroquinolones With Cataract Surgery [NCT00924729]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Swiss PACK-CXL (Photoactivated Chromophore for Infectious Keratitis Cross-linking) Multicenter Trial for the Treatment of Infectious Keratitis [NCT02717871]	Phase 3	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of 0.6% ISV-403 Compared to Vehicle in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis [NCT00622908]	Phase 2	270 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
Systemic Pharmacokinetics of BOL-303224-A After Single and Multiple Instillations of BOL-303224-A in Subjects With Suspected Bacterial Conjunctivitis [NCT00407589]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of 0.6% ISV-403 Compared to Vigamox in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis [NCT00348348]	Phase 3	1,161 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Effect of Topical Besifloxacin on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota Prior to Cataract Surgery [NCT04542759]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Safety of Besivance™ (Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension) 0.6% Compared to Vehicle Following Three Times Daily(TID) Dosing for 7 Days [NCT01175590]	Phase 3	518 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
A Comparison of Prophylactic Antibacterial Efficacy of Besivance Versus VIGAMOX Administered for Three Days and One Hour Prior to Phacoemulsification [NCT01296542]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized Assessment of the Concentrations of Besifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, or Gatifloxacin in the Aqueous Humor of Subjects After a Single Topical Dose [NCT00824070]	Phase 1	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
A Comparative Study in the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of Topical Besifloxocin Ophthalmic Suspension 0.6% With Erythromycin Ophthalmic Ointment 0.5% BID for the Management of Acute Blepharitis [NCT01478256]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Parallel-Group, Randomized Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Besivance™ for Treatment of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children [NCT01431170]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
A Single-site, Single Masked, Prospective Comparison of Three Fluoroquinolone Topical Therapies (Besifloxacin 0.6% or Gatifloxacin 0.5% or Moxifloxacin 0.5%) in the Treatment of Infectious Corneal Ulcers. [NCT01928693]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to study terminated due to slow accrual)
Phase IV Study: A Prospective Two-Site Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerance of Besivance Versus Vigamox Prophylactically Pre and Post Operatively in Subjects Undergoing Routine Cataract Surgery [NCT01455233]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Aqueous Absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Besivance Versus VIGAMOX in Patients Undergoing Phacoemulsification [NCT01296191]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.6% Compared With Gatifloxacin, 0.3% Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of Presumed Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Subjects From Birth to 31 Days of Age [NCT01330355]	Phase 3	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment)
A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.6% BID Compared to Vehicle in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis [NCT01740388]	Phase 3	136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Strategic business decision)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00347932 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis
NCT00347932 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis
NCT00347932 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection
NCT00347932 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection
NCT00348348 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT00348348 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT00348348 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT00348348 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT00622908 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Day 8 or 9)
NCT00622908 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)
NCT00622908 (4) [back to overview]	Eradication of Baseline Pathogens (Day 8 or 9)
NCT00622908 (4) [back to overview]	Eradication of Baseline Pathogens Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)
NCT00824070 (1) [back to overview]	The Aqueous Humor Drug Concentration.
NCT00924729 (1) [back to overview]	Aqueous Humor Concentration of Study Drug
NCT00972777 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT00972777 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT00972777 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT00972777 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Non-Ocular Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Ocular Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT01175590 (14) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01296191 (1) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetics in Aqueous Humor Samples.
NCT01296542 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With a Change in Bacterial Colonization of Lid and Conjunctival Cultures After 3 Days
NCT01330355 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01330355 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01330355 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01330355 (4) [back to overview]	Microbial Outcome
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Medication Safety Outcomes
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Recurrences by Randomization Group
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Treated Successfully at Close-Out Visit (Week 16)
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Treatment Failure
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Physician-rated Scale of NLDO From Baseline to Follow-Up Visit at Week 8 or From Baseline to Time of Treatment Failure, if Earlier.
NCT01431170 (6) [back to overview]	Efficacy of Recurrence Treatment as Measured by Change in the Physician- Rated Scale of NLDO
NCT01478256 (2) [back to overview]	Evaluate Improvement of Bacterial Cultures With Two Different Topical Antibiotics
NCT01478256 (2) [back to overview]	Improvement in Signs and Symptoms of Blepharitis
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Ocular Conjunctival Discharge
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Bulbar Conjunctival Injection
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Clinical Resolution
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01740388 (6) [back to overview]	Microbial Eradication
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Complete Healing
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Healing Rate
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Pain Scores
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Scores
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Scarring
NCT01928693 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Failure

Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis

The absence (grade 0 on the ordinal scale) of ocular discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection (NCT00347932)
Timeframe: Day 5 +/- 1 day

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	90
Vehicle	63

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Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis

The absence (grade 0 on the ordinal scale) of ocular discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection (NCT00347932)
Timeframe: Day 8 or 9

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	168
Vehicle	132

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Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection

Absence (grade 0 on the ordinal scale) of all ocular bacterial species that were present at or above the threshold value for that species from the Cagle list at baseline. (NCT00347932)
Timeframe: Day 5 +/- 1 day

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	182
Vehicle	114

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Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	176
Vehicle	137

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Clinical Resolution

Resolution of conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection. (mITT, culture confirmed, as treated) (NCT00348348)
Timeframe: Day 5(+/- 1 day)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Moxifloxacin Solution	167
Besifloxacin Suspension	147

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Clinical Resolution

Clinical resolution of conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection, modified intent to treat (mITT), culture confirmed, as treated (NCT00348348)
Timeframe: Day 8 or Day 9

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Moxifloxacin Solution	236
Besifloxacin Suspension	213

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Microbial Eradication

eradication of baseline bacterial infection. modified intent to treat (mITT), culture confirmed, as treated (NCT00348348)
Timeframe: Day 5 (+/- 1 day)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Moxifloxacin Solution	256
Besifloxacin Suspension	235

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Microbial Eradication

Microbial eradication of baseline bacterial infection. modified intent to treat (mITT), culture confirmed, as treated (NCT00348348)
Timeframe: Day 8 or Day 9

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Moxifloxacin Solution	238
Besifloxacin Suspension	220

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Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Day 8 or 9)

Resolution of conjunctival discharge, bulbar conjunctival injection and palpebral conjunctival injection. (NCT00622908)
Timeframe: Visit 3 - day 8 or 9

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	37
Vehicle	20

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Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)

The absence of conjunctival discharge, bulbar conjunctival injection and palpebral conjunctival injection. (NCT00622908)
Timeframe: Visit 2 - Day 4 (+/- 1 day)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	14
Vehicle	8

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Eradication of Baseline Pathogens (Day 8 or 9)

Bacterial species eradication of baseline bacterial infection (NCT00622908)
Timeframe: Visit 3 - Day 8 or day 9

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	54
Vehicle	38

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Eradication of Baseline Pathogens Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)

Bacterial species eradication of baseline bacterial infection (NCT00622908)
Timeframe: Visit 2 - Day 4 (+/- 1 day)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
ISV-403	54
Vehicle	28

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The Aqueous Humor Drug Concentration.

An aqueous humor specimen was collected from the study eye for determination of drug concentration 60 min after study drug instillation. (NCT00824070)
Timeframe: Visit 2, 1-14 days following screening visit

Intervention	µg/mL (Mean)
Besifloxacin	0.1349
Moxifloxacin	0.6681
Gatifloxacin	0.1251

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Aqueous Humor Concentration of Study Drug

Patients were randomly assigned to receive one drop of either moxifloxacin or besifloxacin every 10 minutes for a total of 4 doses, with the last dose given 30 minutes prior to the time of the cataract incision. The aqueous humor was corrected through the paracentesis site. The specimen was transferred immediately to a polypropylene tube and stored upright at ≤ 20° C. Moxifloxacin and besifloxacin concentrations in the aqueous humor were determined using a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry method. (NCT00924729)
Timeframe: approximately 3 to 4 months

Intervention	µg/ml (Mean)
Moxifloxacin 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	1.6108
Besifloxacin 0.6% Ophthalmic Suspension	0.0312

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Clinical Resolution

The absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection. (NCT00972777)
Timeframe: Visit 2

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besifloxacin	89
Vehicle	62

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Clinical Resolution

The absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection. (NCT00972777)
Timeframe: Visit 3

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besifloxacin	103
Vehicle	94

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Microbial Eradication

The absence of ocular bacteria that were present at or above pathogenic threshold levels at baseline. (NCT00972777)
Timeframe: Visit 2

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besifloxacin	115
Vehicle	77

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Microbial Eradication

The absence of ocular bacteria that were present at or above pathogenic threshold levels at baseline. (NCT00972777)
Timeframe: Visit 3

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besifloxacin	115
Vehicle	91

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Clinical Resolution

The absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection, after seven days of treatment. Participants with non-missing data (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Day 8 (Visit 2)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besivance	112
Vehicle	46

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Microbial Eradication

The absence of all accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline, after seven days of treatment. (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Days 11 (Visit 3)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besivance	169
Vehicle	48

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Microbial Eradication

The absence of all accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline, after seven days of treatment. (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Days 8 (Visit 2)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besivance	172
Vehicle	36

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Bulbar conjunctival injection measured as normal, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 1 (Vist 1)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	0	110	83	19
Vehicle	0	44	37	6

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Bulbar conjunctival injection measured as normal, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 11 (Vist 3)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	182	18	4	0
Vehicle	72	11	1	0

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Bulbar conjunctival injection measured as normal, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 8 (Vist 2)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	142	56	7	1
Vehicle	57	23	3	0

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

ocular conjunctival discharge measured as absent, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 1 (Vist 1)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	0	94	106	12
Vehicle	0	38	44	5

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

ocular conjunctival discharge measured as absent, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 11 (Vist 3)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	187	12	4	1
Vehicle	77	6	1	0

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Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

ocular conjunctival discharge measured as absent, mild, moderate or severe (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At day 8 (Vist 2)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Besivance	155	42	8	1
Vehicle	61	18	4	0

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Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution

At each follow-up visit for the accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Day 11 (Visit 3)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Clinical Resolution with Microbial Eradication	Clinical Resolution with no Microbial Eradication	No Clinical Resolution with Microbial Eradication	No Clinical Resolution no Microbial Eradication
Besivance	143	23	26	8
Vehicle	42	25	6	10

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Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution

At each follow-up visit for the accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Day 8 (Visit 2)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
	Clinical Resolution with Microbial Eradication	Clinical Resolution with no Microbial Eradication	No Clinical Resolution with Microbial Eradication	No Clinical Resolution no Microbial Eradication
Besivance	96	16	76	18
Vehicle	22	24	14	20

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Non-Ocular Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

Non-Ocular Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events on the Study Eye (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: 7 days

Intervention	Events (Number)
	Ear Pain	Dysgeusia	Pyrexia	Nasopharyngitis	Bronchitis	Gastroenteritis, Viral	Otitis Media	Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Besivance	1	1	1	2	0	0	1	1
Vehicle	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0

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Ocular Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Ocular Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events on the Study Eye (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: At each visit - 7 days

Intervention	Events (Number)
	Conjunctivitis	Blepharitis	Conjunctival Oedema	Erythema of Eyelid	Punctate Keratitis	Conjunctival Haemorrhage	Conjunctivitis Allergic	Corneal Infiltrates	Dacryocystitis	Eye Pain	Lacrimation Increased	Scleritis	Instillation Site Reaction	Instillation Site Erythema	Instillation Site Irritation	Instillation Site Pain	Pain	Herpes Dermatitis	Post-Traumatic Pain	Corneal Staining
Besivance	3	1	1	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	2	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
Vehicle	3	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0

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Clinical Resolution

The absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection, after seven days of treatment. (NCT01175590)
Timeframe: Day 11 (Visit 3)

Intervention	eyes (Number)
Besivance	169
Vehicle	68

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Pharmacokinetics in Aqueous Humor Samples.

Concentration of Besivance and VIGAMOX in the aqueous humor will be determined by an independent laboratory using standardized high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assays. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined from the aqueous humor concentration will minimally include the area under the curve and the maximum concentration. (NCT01296191)
Timeframe: Measured after 3 days of drug instillation

Intervention	ng/ml (Mean)
VIGAMOX	443.07
Besivance	56.4525

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Number of Subjects With a Change in Bacterial Colonization of Lid and Conjunctival Cultures After 3 Days

Lid and Conjunctival cultures will be taken to measure bacterial colonization. (NCT01296542)
Timeframe: Following 3 days of antibiotic drops topically instilled

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIGAMOX	18
Besivance	28

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Microbial Eradication

Eradication defined as the absence of all accepted ocular bacterial species (as measured on the ordinal scale) that were present at or above threshold at baseline (NCT01330355)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Day 8+1)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Besivance	12
Gatifloxacin	8

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Clinical Resolution

Clinical resolution defined as the absence of both conjunctival discharge and conjunctival hyperemia. (NCT01330355)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Day 3)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Besivance	3
Gatifloxacin	5

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Clinical Resolution

Clinical resolution defined as the absence of both conjunctival discharge and conjunctival hyperemia. (NCT01330355)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Day 8+1)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Besivance	12
Gatifloxacin	12

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Microbial Outcome

"Microbial outcome for the following groups of accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline:~over all bacterial species~over all and individual gram-positive bacterial species~over all and individual gram-negative bacterial species" (NCT01330355)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Day 3) and Visit 5 (Day 8+1)

Intervention	events (Number)
	Visit 3 (Day 3) Gram-Positive	Visit 3 (Day 3) Gram-Negative	Visit 5 (Day 8) Gram-Positive	Visit 5 (Day8) Gram-Negative
Besivance	16	6	17	6
Gatifloxacin	6	3	12	4

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Medication Safety Outcomes

During each study visit, the Principal Investigator will evaluate any possible adverse events by assessing clinical complaints and symptoms that are experienced by subjects and observed by the parent(s)/legal guardian(s), including findings in external, lacrimal duct system and anterior segment using slit lamp and fundus exam using indirect ophthalmoscope by principal investigator, as well as clinical signs including findings in external, nasolacrimal duct system and anterior segment using slit lamp and fundus exam using indirect ophthalmoscope by principal investigator. (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16 (Closeout Visit )

Intervention	Number of Adverse Events (Number)
Besivance Safety Outcomes	0
Polytrim Safety Outcomes	0

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Number of Recurrences by Randomization Group

"Recurrence is defined as when the NLDO with infection in the subject's study eye returns, as indicated by a NLDO grading scale of greater than zero after achieving a grade of zero at the previous visit.~Number of subjects who had a recurrence event of the subjects who completed the study by treatment Group." (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16 (Closeout Visit )

Intervention	Recurrence Subjects (Number)
Besivance Treatment Group	1
Polytrim Treatment Group	1

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Number of Subjects Treated Successfully at Close-Out Visit (Week 16)

Treatment Success is defined as a grade of 0 or improvement by 2 or more compared to the prior visit. (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16 (Close-Out Visit)

Intervention	Number of Treatment Success (Number)
Besivance Treatment Group	8
Polytrim Treatment Group	10

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Treatment Failure

"Possible treatment failure at a follow-up examination is operationally defined as follows: if the physician-grading scale of NLDO is worse than or same as the prior visit at any given follow-up visit, possible treatment failure then exists.~Treatment Failure occurred if at visit #1 (2-week visit), the physician-grading scale of NLDO is worse than or same as the baseline visit. Treatment failure can also occur at recurrence visit #1 if the NLDO grading scale is worse or the same as compared to the previous visit. Subjects who meet the criteria for treatment failure were withdrawn from the study by the principal investigator and no additional data was collected. Subjects were referred for continued care." (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to the time of failure or Week 16 (Closeout Visit)

Intervention	Number of Treatment Failures (Number)
Besivance Treatment Group	1
Polytrim Treatment Group	1

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Change in Physician-rated Scale of NLDO From Baseline to Follow-Up Visit at Week 8 or From Baseline to Time of Treatment Failure, if Earlier.

"The NLDO grading scale in the study eye at every visit. The scale ranges from 0 to +4:~0: No tearing and discharge.~1: Tearing, moderate mucous discharge around nasolacrimal punctum~2: Moderate redness of the medial eyelid with mucous discharge~3: Redness and swelling of the eyelid with mucopurulent discharge~4: Redness and swelling of eyelid with purulent discharge~Due to varying baseline severity (measured by NLDO grade) among subjects, change from baseline to week 8 in NLDO grade was further classified as the following:~Treatment success: grade of 0 or improvement by 2 or more compared to the prior visit.~Recurrence: NLDO with infection returns in the study eye, as indicated by a NLDO grade >0 after a grade of 0 at the prior visit.~Treatment Failure: grade is worse than or same as the baseline visit." (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 8

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Number of Treatment Success	Number of Recurrence	Number of Treatment Failure
Besivance Treatment Group	7	1	1
Polytrim Treatment Group	10	1	0

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Efficacy of Recurrence Treatment as Measured by Change in the Physician- Rated Scale of NLDO

"Subjects who experience recurrence were re-treated as if they were a new patient, with the same study medication, were followed up then classified as Treatment Success or Treatment Failure according to study protocol." (NCT01431170)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16 (Closeout Visit)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Number of Treatment Success after Recurrence	Number of Treatment Failure after Recurrence
Efficacy of Besivance Treatment Group	1	0
Efficacy of Polytrim Treatment Group	0	1

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Evaluate Improvement of Bacterial Cultures With Two Different Topical Antibiotics

Compare improvement of microbial cultures (greater inhibition of bacterial growth) with the two antibiotics used to treat blepharitis (NCT01478256)
Timeframe: Three weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Besifloxocin	15
Erythromycin	15

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Improvement in Signs and Symptoms of Blepharitis

Signs and symptoms of blepharitis were scored and determined before and after treatment with two different antibiotics (NCT01478256)
Timeframe: Four weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Besifloxocin	15
Erythromycin	15

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Ocular Conjunctival Discharge

Ocular conjunctival discharge measures on a scale of 0-3 where 0 = Absent, 1 = Mild, 2 = Moderate and 3 = Severe (NCT01740388)
Timeframe: At each follow-up visit (Visit 1, Visit 2 and Visit 3)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Visit 1: Absent	Visit 1: Mild	Visit 1: Moderate	Visit 1: Severe	Visit 2: Absent	Visit 2: Mild	Visit 2: Moderate	Visit 2: Severe	Visit 3: Absent	Visit 3: Mild	Visit 3: Moderate	Visit 3: Severe
Besifloxacin	0	6	10	2	9	8	1	0	14	4	0	0
Vehicle	0	9	16	3	10	15	2	0	16	5	3	0

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Bulbar Conjunctival Injection

Bulbar conjunctival injection measured on a scale of 0-3 where 0 = Normal, 1 = Mild, 2 = Moderate and 3 = Severe (NCT01740388)
Timeframe: At each follow-up visit (Visit 1, Visit 2 and Visit 3)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Visit 1: Normal	Visit 1: Mild	Visit 1: Moderate	Visit 1: Severe	Visit 2: Normal	Visit 2: Mild	Visit 2: Moderate	Visit 2: Severe	Visit 3: Normal	Visit 3: Mild	Visit 3: Moderate	Visit 3: Severe
Besifloxacin	0	3	14	1	4	13	1	0	7	11	0	0
Vehicle	0	6	18	4	7	12	8	0	12	6	5	1

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Clinical Resolution

Absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection, after 3 days of treatment with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% (NCT01740388)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 4 or 5)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	YES	NO
Besifloxacin	4	14
Vehicle	5	23

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Clinical Resolution

Absence of both conjunctival discharge and bulbar conjunctival injection, after 3 days of treatment with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% (NCT01740388)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Day 6, 7, or 8)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	YES	NO
Besifloxacin	6	12
Vehicle	13	15

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Microbial Eradication

Absence of all accepted ocular bacterial species that were present at or above threshold at baseline, after 3 days of treatment with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% (NCT01740388)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Day 4 or 5)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	YES	NO
Besifloxacin	17	1
Vehicle	13	15

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Microbial Eradication

Intervention	participants (Number)
	YES	NO
Besifloxacin	14	4
Vehicle	16	12

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Complete Healing

The primary outcome will be complete healing of the corneal ulcer, defined as complete reepithelialization by Day 29. (NCT01928693)
Timeframe: 29 days

Intervention	participant (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	1
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	1

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Healing Rate

Time to corneal ulcer reduction and/or total healing over a treatment course of 21 days. (NCT01928693)
Timeframe: 29 days

Intervention	Days (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	21
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	21

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Patient Pain Scores

Patients will be asked to grade the overall pain of the affected eye at each visit on a Scale= 0--None, 1- Mild, 2- Moderate, 3- Severe (NCT01928693)
Timeframe: Average of 6 times in a 29 day period

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	2

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Patient Satisfaction Scores

Patient satisfaction outcomes will be assessed using a series of survey questions ranging in both categorical and continuous outcomes. Treatment will be compared using either methods for differences in binomial proportions or the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Scale= 0- Very Comfortable, 1- Comfortable, 2- Uncomfortable, 3- Very Uncomfortable (NCT01928693)
Timeframe: Average of 6 times in a 29 day period

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	2

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Scarring

Scarring will be evaluated and measured in millimeters at Day 29 and classified as either peripheral or central. (NCT01928693)
Timeframe: 29 days

Intervention	millimeters (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0

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Number of Participants With Treatment Failure

(NCT01928693)
Timeframe: 29 days

Intervention	participants (Number)
Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0
Vigamox 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution	0

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Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.05	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.06	1	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	8.01	4	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	7.07	13	2	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.45	2	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	4.45	2	2	corticosteroid hormone
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.05	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
thiazoles [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.05	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.11	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	4.45	2	2	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.41	1	0
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
milnacipran Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.	2.05	1	0	acetamides
pazufloxacin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	quinolines
balofloxacin balofloxacin: showed potent bactericidal activity & inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase of S. aureus, E. coli, & P aeruginosa; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.05	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.11	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosylisothiocyanate: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.07	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.05	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.05	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.78	3	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	8.42	22	3	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
tolvaptan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.06	1	0
loteprednol etabonate Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.	3.47	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; etabonate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid acid ester; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.05	1	0
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.46	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bilirubin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	indolecarboxamide
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
everolimus [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
cgp-56697 Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination: Drug combination of artemether and lumefantrine that is used to treat PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA.	2.05	1	0
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	2.41	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.25	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan [no description available]	7.17	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.89	3	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.53	2	0
Bacterial Conjunctivitides [description not available]	0	15.02	38	17
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.	1	17.02	38	17
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.45	7	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.79	3	0
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	4.45	2	2
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	0	3.5	1	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	4.45	2	2
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	0	4.45	2	2
Uveitis, Posterior Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.	0	3.5	1	1
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	2.08	1	0
Eye Pain A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.	0	2.08	1	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	0	4.7	10	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	4.09	5	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	4.09	5	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	0	2.74	3	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	0	7.74	3	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	5.68	2	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	5.68	2	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.31	6	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	2.05	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.05	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.05	1	0
Leukoma [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	0	2.05	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	3.86	2	1
Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	2.06	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	4.37	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	4.37	1	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	2.06	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2.06	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.99	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.47	1	1
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Ocular Infections [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Eye Infections Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.	1	4.44	2	0

besifloxacin

Cross-References

Synonyms (42)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (117)

Research

Studies (71)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 59.72

Study Types

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection

Microbial Eradication of Baseline Bacterial Infection

Clinical Resolution

Clinical Resolution

Microbial Eradication

Microbial Eradication

Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Day 8 or 9)

Clinical Resolution of Baseline Bacterial Conjunctivitis Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)

Eradication of Baseline Pathogens (Day 8 or 9)

Eradication of Baseline Pathogens Day 4 (+/- 1 Day)

The Aqueous Humor Drug Concentration.

Aqueous Humor Concentration of Study Drug

Clinical Resolution

Clinical Resolution

Microbial Eradication

Microbial Eradication

Clinical Resolution

Microbial Eradication

Microbial Eradication

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Bulbar Injection

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

Individual Clinical Outcomes - Ocular Discharge

Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution

Microbial Outcome With Clinical Resolution

Non-Ocular Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

Ocular Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Clinical Resolution

Pharmacokinetics in Aqueous Humor Samples.

Number of Subjects With a Change in Bacterial Colonization of Lid and Conjunctival Cultures After 3 Days

Microbial Eradication

Clinical Resolution

Clinical Resolution

Microbial Outcome

Medication Safety Outcomes

Number of Recurrences by Randomization Group

Number of Subjects Treated Successfully at Close-Out Visit (Week 16)

Treatment Failure

Change in Physician-rated Scale of NLDO From Baseline to Follow-Up Visit at Week 8 or From Baseline to Time of Treatment Failure, if Earlier.

Efficacy of Recurrence Treatment as Measured by Change in the Physician- Rated Scale of NLDO

Evaluate Improvement of Bacterial Cultures With Two Different Topical Antibiotics

Improvement in Signs and Symptoms of Blepharitis

Ocular Conjunctival Discharge

Bulbar Conjunctival Injection

Clinical Resolution

Clinical Resolution

Microbial Eradication

Microbial Eradication

Complete Healing

Healing Rate

Patient Pain Scores

Patient Satisfaction Scores

Scarring

Number of Participants With Treatment Failure

Related Drugs (49)

Related Conditions (57)