brl 28500 profile

ticarcillin-clavulanic acid: combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid; used against gram-negative rods [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6437075
CHEMBL ID	3137696
SCHEMBL ID	1650350
MeSH ID	M0127299

Synonym
brl-28500
4-oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-, (2r,3z,5r)-, mixt. with (2s,5r,6r)-6-(((2r)-carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
4-oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-, (2r-(2-alpha,3z,5-alpha))-, mixt. with (2s-(2-alpha,5-alpha,6-beta(s*)))-6-((carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxyl
ticarcillin-clavulanic acid
ticarcillin disodium and clavulanate potassium
ticar & ca
clavulanic acid & ticarcillin
brl 28500
timentin (ticarcillin disodium/clavulanate potassium)
86482-18-0
ticarcillin & clavulanic acid
(2r,3z,5r)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid; (2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-(3-thienyl)propanoyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
4-oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-, (2r-(2-alpha,3z,5-alpha))-, & (2s-(2-alpha,5-alpha,6-beta(s*)))-6-((carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
timentin in plastic container
clavulanic acid - ticarcillin mixt.
ticarcillin - clavulanic acid mixt.
ticarcillin and clavulanic acid
ticarcillin-clavulanic acid mixt.
CHEMBL3137696
SCHEMBL1650350
DTXSID10235588
(2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;(2r,3z,5r)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No other drug-related adverse effects were noted."	( Comparison of the safety and efficacy of parenteral ticarcillin/clavulanate and clindamycin/gentamicin in serious intra-abdominal infections. Arous, EJ; Doern, GV; Fairchild, PG; Fink, MP; Helsmoortel, CM; Moriarty, KP; Townsend, PL, 1989)	0.28
" Safety evaluation studies carried out in the animals established as suitable for studying the toxicology of ticarcillin have shown no unexpected synergistic or antagonistic toxic effects of Timentin not predicted from the toxicological evaluation of clavulanate alone."	( Safety of ticarcillin disodium/potassium clavulanate. Cockburn, A; Jackson, D; Mellows, G; Tasker, TC; White, D, 1986)	0.27
" Of the 1659 patients studied, 161 adverse reactions were reported from 151 patients (9."	( An evaluation of the safety and tolerance of Timentin. Croydon, EA; Hermoso, C, 1986)	0.27
" Nine patients had PICC line complications and five patients had drug adverse events."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The patients were allocated to Groups 1-3 on the basis of the pharmacokinetic characteristics obtained."	( The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate acid in neonates. Doerck, M; Fricke, G; Hafner, D; Horton, R; Kresken, M, 1989)	0.28
"A pharmacokinetic trial with ticarcillin/clavulanate was undertaken in patients with severe burns."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate in severely burned patients. Adam, D; Koeppe, P; Wesch, R; Zellner, PR, 1989)	0.28
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for the individual compounds were determined from plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function. Chudzik, GM; Cooper, DL; Doyle, GD; Jungbluth, GL; Jusko, WJ, 1986)	0.27
" This is supported by comparison of certain pharmacokinetic parameters for TICAR and CLA."	( Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in dog following parenteral administration of Timentin. Garg, RC; Keefe, TJ; Vig, MM, 1987)	0.27
" A pharmacokinetic study was performed in three newborns (under three months) and ten children (mean age 3 years)."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Timentin in paediatric infections. Bégué, P; Quinet, B; Quiniou, F, 1986)	0.27
" Experimental pharmacokinetic studies in the guinea pig were performed in the inner ear and eye fluids and in serum."	( Timentin--clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation in otorhinolaryngology. Federspil, P; Koch, A; Schätzle, W; Tiesler, E, 1986)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, urine recovery, penetration and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid ratios were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of Timentin: a simultaneous study of serum, urine, lymph, suction blister and subcutaneous thread fluid. Dale, LG; Hellum, KB; Thurmann-Nielsen, E; Walstad, RA, 1986)	0.27
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were determined after the first dose (n = 22) and again under steady-state conditions (n = 16) in a group of infants and children."	( Pharmacokinetic-based ticarcillin/clavulanic acid dose recommendations for infants and children. Blumer, JL; Reed, MD; Yamashita, TS, 1995)	0.29
"To evaluate the pharmacodynamic antibacterial activity of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (T-C) and ampicillin-sulbactam (A-S) combinations against reference bacterial strains in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on long-term hemodialysis."	( Comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid in patients with chronic renal failure: effects of differential pharmacokinetics on serum bactericidal activity. Butler, SC; Hardin, TC; Jorgensen, JH; Ross, S; Wakeford, JH, )	0.13
"Continuous infusion (CI) ticarcillin-clavulanate is a potential therapeutic improvement over conventional intermittent dosing because the major pharmacodynamic (PD) predictor of efficacy of beta-lactams is the time that free drug levels exceed the MIC."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.33
"The primary study objective was to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) MIC breakpoints (the highest MIC with a probability of target attainment [PTA] of at least 90%) for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal targets of ticarcillin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the study dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.37
" In infants <30 weeks gestational age, pharmacokinetic data to guide ticarcillin-clavulanate dosing are lacking."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanate in premature infants. Anand, R; Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Cotten, CM; Harper, B; Hornik, CP; Laughon, M; Mundakel, G; Smith, PB; Watt, KM, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"One hundred febrile episodes in neutropenic (PMN less than 500/mm3) patients were treated with Timentin alone or in combination with amikacin."	( A prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy of Timentin alone or in combination with amikacin in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Bru, JP; Hollard, D; Leautet, JB; Legrand, C; Michallet, M; Micoud, M; Sotto, JJ; Stahl, JP; Swierz, P, 1986)	0.27
"5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid respectively."	( The activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides species: an in-vitro comparison with other antibiotics. Bébéar, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Quentin, C, 1986)	0.27
"Timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanic acid) combined with an aminoglycoside usually netilmicin, was given to 33 children with neutropenic haematological malignancies."	( Timentin (ticarcillin and clavulanic acid) in combination with aminoglycosides in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. Leauté, JB; Leverger, G; Reinert, P; Schaison, G, 1986)	0.27
"To determine the effect of regional limb perfusion (RLP) with amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate on synovial fluid concentration and antimicrobial activity of amikacin."	( Accumulation of amikacin in synovial fluid after regional limb perfusion of amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate in horses. Fubini, SL; Schwark, WS; Watts, AE; Zantingh, AJ, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In spite of initial faster absorption, the intramuscular bioavailability of CLA (65."	( Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in dog following parenteral administration of Timentin. Garg, RC; Keefe, TJ; Vig, MM, 1987)	0.27

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Complicated dosing schedules and the possibility of aminoglycoside toxicity make alternatives desirable."	( A preliminary report of ticarcillin and clavulanate versus triple antibiotic therapy in children with ruptured appendicitis. Kaplan, SL; Mason, EO; Pokorny, WJ, 1991)	0.28
" The clearances of both drugs decreased proportionately with reduction in renal function, facilitating dosing adjustments based on CLCR."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function. Chudzik, GM; Cooper, DL; Doyle, GD; Jungbluth, GL; Jusko, WJ, 1986)	0.27
"Pharmacokinetics of the novel combination of ticarcillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (BRL 28500, Timentin, Betabactyl) was investigated in order to calculate the dose reduction factor (DRF) and elaborate dosage recommendations for patients with varying degrees of renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetic studies on clavulanate potentiated ticarcillin in normal subjects and patients with renal insufficiency. Höffler, D; Hulla, FW; Koeppe, P, 1987)	0.49
" The mean dosage used in patients under three months was 225 mg/kg/d ticarcillin and 9 mg/kg/d clavulanic acid."	( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Timentin in paediatric infections. Bégué, P; Quinet, B; Quiniou, F, 1986)	0.27
" For general condition, dogs dosed with CVA-K at 100 mg/kg showed reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, shaking of the head, facial oedema, a decrease in food intake and a reduction in body weight."	( [Chronic intravenous toxicity studies of potassium clavulanate and BRL28500 in dogs]. Katayama, T; Kobayashi, K; Koshima, Y; Koyanagi, J; Koyu, A; Kurakata, Y; Nagata, R; Nishioka, Y; Onishi, M; Sato, M, 1986)	0.27
" Timentin was administered intravenously at an average dosage of 207 mg/kg per day for mild to moderate infection and 310 mg/kg per day for bone and joint infections with systemic signs (sepsis)."	( Timentin therapy for bone, joint, and deep soft tissue infections in children. Aronson, J; Augustine, RA; Jacobs, RF; McCarthy, RE; Steele, RW; Yamauchi, T, 1985)	0.27
" The pharmacy department provides an aminoglycoside-monitoring program and convenient dosing guidelines."	( Rationale and experience in treating suspected hospital-based mixed infections. Billeter, M, )	0.13
" Our results suggest that the current dosing recommendations of 75 mg/kg every 12 h risk subtherapeutic clavulanic acid concentrations and that 50 mg/kg every 6 h is a more rational dosing strategy."	( Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates with presumed sepsis. Burstein, AH; Carlos, RQ; Diaz, PR; Forrest, A; Gal, P; Ransom, JL; Wyble, LE, 1994)	0.29
"Increasing the dosing interval for T-C in patients with end-stage renal disease may lead to periods of insufficient clavulanic acid to protect ticarcillin from beta-lactamase degradation."	( Comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid in patients with chronic renal failure: effects of differential pharmacokinetics on serum bactericidal activity. Butler, SC; Hardin, TC; Jorgensen, JH; Ross, S; Wakeford, JH, )	0.13
" It is concluded that both drugs can be administered concomitantly without any dosage adjustment of theophylline."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of theophylline during co-treatment with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Cazzola, M; Lampa, E; Matera, MG; Paizis, G; Rossi, F; Santangelo, G; Vinciguerra, A, 1993)	0.29
" All samples were collected over one dosing interval."	( Clearance of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in three critically ill children, two with and one without concomitant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bawdon, R; Lindsay, CA; Quigley, R, )	0.13
"To provide an overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and to reassess traditional dosage recommendations based on contemporary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.3
" Integration of these data with defined pathogen minimum inhibitory concentrations underscores the appropriateness of an extended dosing interval (e."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.3
"Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data is an appropriate means to assess/reassess dosing recommendations for antimicrobial agents."	( Rational prescribing of extended-spectrum penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations: focus on ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Reed, MD, 1998)	0.3
"Continuous infusion (CI) ticarcillin-clavulanate is a potential therapeutic improvement over conventional intermittent dosing because the major pharmacodynamic (PD) predictor of efficacy of beta-lactams is the time that free drug levels exceed the MIC."	( Continuous infusion of ticarcillin-clavulanate for home treatment of serious infections: clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Carney, J; Carroll, J; McWhinney, B; Munckhof, WJ; Neilson, G; Neilson, J; Whitby, M, 2005)	0.33
" This dosing strategy is higher than the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) recommendations and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved package labeling."	( High dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; Zobell, JT, 2010)	0.36
"A retrospective study of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients admitted from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009 who received the dosing regimen for at least 7 days."	( High dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; Zobell, JT, 2010)	0.36
" This dosing strategy is higher than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved package labeling."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.37
"The primary study objective was to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) MIC breakpoints (the highest MIC with a probability of target attainment [PTA] of at least 90%) for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal targets of ticarcillin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the study dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.37
"This was a population-based PK-PD modeling study of pediatric CF patients admitted from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009 who received the dosing regimen for at least 7 days."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.37
" Additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical effectiveness of this dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of high-dose intermittent ticarcillin-clavulanate administration in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Ampofo, K; Cash, J; Chatfield, BA; Korgenski, K; McDowell, BJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, M; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2011)	0.37
" The ceftazidime and cefepime dosing ranges from the literature are 200-400 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, maximum 8-12 g/day, and 150-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, up to 6-8 g/day, respectively."	( Optimization of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. cephalosporins and penicillins. Ampofo, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Waters, CD; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.39
" In infants <30 weeks gestational age, pharmacokinetic data to guide ticarcillin-clavulanate dosing are lacking."	( Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanate in premature infants. Anand, R; Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Cotten, CM; Harper, B; Hornik, CP; Laughon, M; Mundakel, G; Smith, PB; Watt, KM, 2019)	0.51
" The sieving coefficient data may help guide appropriate dosing of critically ill patients receiving haemofiltration until more extensive clinical pharmacokinetic data are available."	( In-vitro adsorption and sieving coefficient of ticarcillin-clavulanate during continuous haemofiltration. Choi, GYS; Gomersall, CD; Guerra Valero, Y; Joynt, GM; Lipman, J; Ordóñez Mejia, JL; Roberts, JA; T P Wan, W; Wallis, SC, 2019)	0.51

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	97 (44.91)	18.7374
1990's	57 (26.39)	18.2507
2000's	33 (15.28)	29.6817
2010's	25 (11.57)	24.3611
2020's	4 (1.85)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	51 (21.52%)	5.53%
Reviews	14 (5.91%)	6.00%
Case Studies	22 (9.28%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	150 (63.29%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
theophylline [no description available]	3.37	1	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	2.31	1	0
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	5.01	9	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	5.17	6	2
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.01	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	5.03	5	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	5.25	2	2	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.35	1	1	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	1.97	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.48	5	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	6.78	11	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.01	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	7.91	14	2	penicillanic acids
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.01	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	3.09	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	1.99	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	3.35	1	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.31	4	1	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	3.35	1	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.01	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.79	2	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	7.9	14	3	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	5.32	7	2	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	16.53	216	50	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	7.37	8	5	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
thidiazuron [no description available]	2.01	1	0	ureas
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	8.99	19	7	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.69	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	4.31	2	2	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	1.99	1	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	7.35	11	2	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
fropenem [no description available]	2.15	1	0	faropenem
eperezolid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	5.46	8	2	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	5.06	5	2	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
sulbactam [no description available]	5.64	10	0	penicillanic acids
carbapenems [no description available]	3.87	3	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	5.09	3	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	5.3	4	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	4.78	2	1	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	2.55	2	0	penicillin
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	4.65	8	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	1.98	1	0	peptide
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.97	4	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	3.36	1	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	4.32	2	2
linezolid [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	5.1	8	0	penicillanic acid ester
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	5.32	7	2
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	1.99	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	3.76	2	1	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.36	1	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	1.99	1	0	S-glycosyl compound
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	3.37	1	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	11.47	14	1	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.61	2	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	4.06	3	1	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cilastatin [no description available]	4.33	2	2	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	9.68	21	5
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	4.33	2	2
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	5.67	7	3
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.	5.44	11	0
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	1.99	1	0	organic anion
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.05	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.15	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	1.96	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.02	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	5.2	6	2
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	6.16	9	4
Anastomotic Leak Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.	2.25	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	8.42	15	10
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	10.2	6	2
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	6.16	9	4
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	4.59	9	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	3.69	9	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	4.59	9	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	3.69	9	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	3.63	3	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	3.63	3	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	6.59	7	3
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	6.59	7	3
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	5.92	9	1
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	5.92	9	1
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.21	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.08	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	4.66	3	2
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	4.66	3	2
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	2.1	1	0
Discitis Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.	2.44	2	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	2.1	1	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	4.87	4	2
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	4.87	4	2
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	6.05	8	4
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.9	4	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	4.1	3	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.8	2	1
Equine Diseases [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	2.97	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.39	2	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.05	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	2.4	2	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.05	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.05	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.05	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	4.31	1	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	4.31	1	1
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	2.01	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.01	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.39	2	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	11.76	49	17
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	11.76	49	17
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.92	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.01	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	6.45	10	5
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	6.45	10	5
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.4	1	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	4.28	4	1
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	4.28	4	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	3.4	1	1
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	2.02	1	0
Epiglottitis Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.	2.02	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	6.59	7	3
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	3.4	1	1
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	6.15	12	3
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	6.15	12	3
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.02	1	0
Sycosis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	2.02	1	0
Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.	2.02	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	1.97	1	0
Infection [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	7.95	10	4
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.37	2	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	7.95	10	4
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	1.97	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	7.55	16	10
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.55	16	10
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.03	1	0
Bacterial Conjunctivitides [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.	2.03	1	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	3.35	1	1
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	1.98	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	3.37	1	1
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	1.98	1	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	1.98	1	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	4.34	2	2
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	4.27	4	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	1.98	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	1.98	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	4.33	2	2
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	4.61	3	2
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	4.33	2	2
E coli Infections [description not available]	4.06	3	1
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	3.78	2	1
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	3.76	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	4.06	3	1
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	3.37	1	1
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	3.78	2	1
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.98	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	3.3	2	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	2.39	2	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	6.22	7	2
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	1.99	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	1.99	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.91	1	0
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.	2.91	1	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	3.38	1	1
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	4.63	3	2
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	2	1	0
Abscess, Epidural [description not available]	2	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	4.14	6	0
MODS [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	3.39	1	1
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	3.39	1	1
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	2	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2	1	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Pus [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	3.39	1	1
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.01	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.01	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.45	5	1
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	1.98	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	1.98	1	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	3.36	1	1
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	3.8	4	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	3.8	4	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	3.36	1	1
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	4.05	3	1
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	4.05	3	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	4.05	3	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	4.05	3	1
Phlegmon [description not available]	4.04	3	1
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Abortion, Septic Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.	1.97	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	4.04	3	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	1.97	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.37	2	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.66	3	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	1.97	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	2.37	2	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	3.35	1	1
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	3.35	1	1
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Type B [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	1.97	1	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	3.35	1	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.37	2	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	6.97	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	1.96	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	1.97	1	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	2.88	4	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	1.96	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
ENT Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.	1.96	1	0
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).	1.96	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	1.96	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	1.96	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Spherocytosis, Hereditary A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.	1.96	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	1.96	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.96	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	3.35	1	1
Arthropathies [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Meniscitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	1.96	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	1.96	1	0

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

brl 28500

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (22)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (19)

Research

Studies (216)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 8.64

Study Types

brl 28500

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (22)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (19)

Research

Studies (216)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 8.64

Study Types

Related Drugs (70)

Related Conditions (213)