monoatomic ion channel activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size). [GOC:cy, GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729]

Monoatomic ion channel activity refers to the ability of a protein to facilitate the movement of single atoms (ions) across a biological membrane. These channels are highly selective, typically allowing only specific ions to pass through, contributing to the establishment and maintenance of ion gradients across membranes. This gradient is crucial for a wide range of cellular processes, including:

* **Signal transduction:** Ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play key roles in signaling pathways, enabling communication between cells and within cells. For example, action potentials in neurons are generated by the movement of sodium and potassium ions through voltage-gated channels.
* **Membrane potential:** The selective permeability of ion channels creates a difference in electrical potential across the membrane, known as the membrane potential. This potential is essential for processes like muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.
* **Cellular volume regulation:** Ion channels help regulate the flow of water into and out of cells, contributing to the maintenance of cell volume and preventing cell swelling or shrinking.
* **Nutrient transport:** Some ion channels are involved in the transport of essential nutrients, such as calcium, into cells.

Monoatomic ion channels are highly diverse, with different types exhibiting different ion selectivity, gating mechanisms, and regulatory properties. They can be broadly classified based on their structure, function, and location. Examples include:

* **Voltage-gated channels:** These channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
* **Ligand-gated channels:** These channels are activated by the binding of specific molecules, such as neurotransmitters.
* **Mechanosensitive channels:** These channels respond to mechanical stimuli, such as pressure or stretch.

The intricate interplay of these channels with other cellular components allows for precise control of ion movement, contributing to the overall function of the cell and the organism.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (82)