| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas |
glycine
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical |
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alditol;
triol | algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
[no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyaldehyde;
pentose;
polyol | |
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound | algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent |
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide | |
sodium fluoride
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | 3.81 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 5.96 | 34 | 0 | D-galactose;
galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical |
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 4.71 | 29 | 0 | lactose | |
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor |
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 7.68 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan | antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dodecanol;
primary alcohol | bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite |
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | UDP-D-glucose | fundamental metabolite |
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | azane;
hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
galactitol
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hexitol | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 4.15 | 16 | 0 | fucopyranose;
L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
uridine diphosphate galactose
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | UDP-D-galactose | mouse metabolite |
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 9.71 | 9 | 0 | D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose | metabolite |
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 4.35 | 6 | 0 | elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient |
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom;
elemental gold | |
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 5.81 | 29 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound | toxin |
phosphine
phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mononuclear parent hydride;
phosphanes;
phosphine | carcinogenic agent;
fumigant insecticide |
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | deuterated compound;
water | NMR solvent |
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | | |
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid | anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite |
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
phenyl acetates | |
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | | |
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
acetylgalactosamine
Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-hexosamine;
N-acetylgalactosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
castanospermine
castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer). | 2 | 1 | 0 | indolizidine alkaloid | anti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite |
thomsen-friedenreich antigen
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen: do not confuse with T antigens, which are viral | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | | |
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester
disuccinimidyl suberate: used as protein cross-linking agent | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer
methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-mannoside;
methyl mannoside | |
thiodigalactoside
thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | | |
lacto-n-neotetraose
lacto-N-neotetraose: binds human cold agglutinin | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
chitotriose
chitotriose : An amino trisaccharide comprising of three 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose units joined by beta-(1->4) linkages. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
benzyl-alpha-n-acetylgalactosamine
benzyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine: an inhibitor of mucin glycosylation | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
deoxyfuconojirimycin
deoxyfuconojirimycin: structure given in first source. deoxyfuconojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 4 and 5 together with an additional methyl substituent at position 2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypiperidine;
triol | fungal metabolite |
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | carbene;
methanediyl | |
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | O-acyl carbohydrate | |
n-acetylneuraminoyllactose
3'-sialyllactose: structure in first source | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | | |
tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine
tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine: a synthetic laminin pentapeptide | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-acetylgalactosaminyl-(1-4)-glucose
N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(1-4)-glucose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine: amino acid sequence given in first source; corresponds to an active site on laminin | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
benzophenone-4-maleimide
benzophenone-4-maleimide: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |
glycero-manno-heptose
glycero-manno-heptose: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to (L-glycero-D-manno)-isomer | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
6-o-galactopyranosylgalactose
6-O-galactopyranosylgalactose: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |
2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-o-acetyl-4-deoxy-4-fluoroglucopyranose
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-fluoroacetyl-d-glucosamine
N-fluoroacetyl-D-glucosamine: RN given refers to D-glucose; a tumor imaging agent | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
fixb protein, e coli
muscarinic toxin 2: muscarinic agonists from Dendroaspis angusticeps; amino acid sequence given in first source. alpha-D-mannoside : Any mannoside in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.. alpha-D-mannose : D-Mannopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | D-mannopyranose | epitope |
n-acetylchitohexaose
N-acetylchitohexaose: RN given from Toxlit 8/88 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
arabinose
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 4.45 | 22 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite |
n-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate
N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate : An amino monosaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine substituted at position 6 by a sulfo group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino monosaccharide;
glucosamine sulfate | |
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cellotriose | |
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
keratan sulfate
Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position. | 7.93 | 4 | 0 | | |
cefoxitin
Tn antigen: immediate precursor in biosynthesis of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen; present in about 90% of human carcinoma tissue; proposed as universal carcinoma marker. O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine : A non-proteinogenic L-amino acid that is N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine linked via an alpha glycosidic bond to the O at position 3 of L-serine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | tumour antigen |
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid
Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid | mouse metabolite |
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound | |
glycosides
[no description available] | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | | |
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminoxyls;
piperidines | catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger |
chitotetrose
chitotetrose: isolated from acid hydrolysates of chitin | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
mannosyl(5)-n-acetyl(2)-glucose
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-acetylgalactosaminyl-1-4-n-acetylglucosamine
[no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent;
protein denaturant |
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
n,n-dimethylsphingenine
N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aminodiol;
sphingoid;
tertiary amino compound | EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite |
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
cdw17 antigen
[no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | | |
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins. | 2 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
tetramethylrhodamine
tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | |
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide | |
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | D-ribose;
ribopyranose | |
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 4.35 | 6 | 0 | | |
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | amino tetrasaccharide;
glucosamine oligosaccharide | epitope |
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | | |
hevein
hevein: 43-amino acid residue protein from the rubber tree; homology with thionins and WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS; not strictly a lectin since it does not act as an agglutinin but has the hevein motif characteristic of lectins; | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
glycolipids
[no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | | |
globotriose
alpha-D-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp : A trisaccharide consisting of two alpha-D-galactose residues and a beta-D-glucose at the reducing end in a linear sequence and joined by (1->4) linkages. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | trisaccharide | |
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
i-antigen
I-antigen: used as a marker for well-differentiated leukemia cells; carbohydrate structure of immunodominant epitope is Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3R which is very similar to that of sialyl SSEA-1 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
g(m3) ganglioside
G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide;
sialodiosylceramide;
sialotriaosylceramide | mouse metabolite |
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
lewis x antigen
Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen. | 4.01 | 14 | 0 | | |
cmp-deaminoneuraminic acid
CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-nonulosonate(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid and phosphate functions of CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nucleotide-sugar oxoanion | |
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
lacto-n-fucopentaose i
lacto-N-fucopentaose I: RN given refers to all D-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | | |
lewis y antigen
[no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | | |
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor |
cytarabine
Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | GDP-fucose | |
2'-deoxyguanosine 3',5'-diphosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 3',5'-diphosphate: a zinc ion chelating agent | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | | |