Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Lead Encephalopathy, Childhood

Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2)

Synonyms(12)

Synonym
Nervous System Disease, Lead-Induced, Childhood
Plumbism, Neurologic, Childhood
Neurologic Saturnism, Childhood
Saturine Encephalopathy, Childhood
Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead, Childhood
Poisoning, Lead, Nervous System, Childhood
Poisoning, Lead, Neurologic, Childhood
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood
Lead Poisoning, Neurologic, Childhood
Lead-Induced Nervous System Disease, Childhood
Nervous System Poisoning, Lead, Childhood
Lead Encephalopathy, Childhood

Research

Studies (119)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19901 (0.84)23.3326
1990's5 (4.20)12.5806
2000's65 (54.62)18.1394
2010's45 (37.82)28.8240
2020's3 (2.52)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
choline0low20
salicylic acid0medium21
creatine0low30
dimercaprol0low10
serine0low10
aspartic acid0low20
edetic acid0medium21
phencyclidine0low60
malondialdehyde0low10
manganese0low10
mercury0low10
cadmium0low10
n-acetylaspartic acid0low20
nicotine0low10
methylmercuric chloride0low10
glycogen0low10
succimer0medium84
pica0low30
zinc protoporphyrin ix0low10
lead0medium1055
6,7-dihydroxyflavone0low10
methylazoxymethanol acetate0low10
methylazoxymethanol0low10
phosphocreatine0low10
interleukin-80low10
heme0low20
ascorbic acid0low20
tetracycline0low10
eye0low10
leptin0low10

Protein Targets (452)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE4004
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
TDP1 protein3003
Microtubule-associated protein tau2002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Aromatase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Histamine H2 receptor2002
Caspase-71001
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
acetylcholinesterase1001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma3003
GLI family zinc finger 33003
AR protein5005
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 13003
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha6006
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
IDH11001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 25005
chromobox protein homolog 12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 22002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 14004
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
geminin4004
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
lamin isoform A-delta102002
Polyphenol oxidase 20203
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0101
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0011
Spike glycoprotein1001
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A14004
arylsulfatase A2002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 11001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate transporter homolog0011
Carbonic anhydrase 10203
Carbonic anhydrase 20203
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0404
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0405
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0404
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0404
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0002
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50326
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70326
Solute carrier family 22 member 10203
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100326
Solute carrier family 22 member 20203
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
Chain A, CHIMERA OF IG KAPPA CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain B, CHIMERA OF IG GAMMA-1 CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain H, Fab M82G2, Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82G2, Light chain0011
Chain H, Fab M82g2, Heavy Chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82g2, Light Chain0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Liver carboxylesterase 10002
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0304
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Transporter0315
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10202
G1001
cytochrome P450 2D61001
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a2002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Interferon beta1001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-22002
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 32002
progesterone receptor2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)2002
Histone H2A.x3003
Eyes absent homolog 20101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
Glutamate receptor 22002
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0101
Luciferase1001
interleukin 82002
pregnane X receptor1001
SMAD family member 21001
SMAD family member 31001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)1001
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha2002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor1001
pregnane X nuclear receptor1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
activating transcription factor 61001
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
heat shock protein beta-11001
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
67.9K protein1001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0101
thioredoxin reductase2002
Smad31001
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40213
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Bile salt export pump0303
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0213
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0213
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40213
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20112
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0213
Cytochrome P450 2A60213
Translocator protein0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20213
Cytochrome P450 2A50101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40113
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30213
Delta-type opioid receptor0102
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70224
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70202
Acetylcholine-binding protein0112
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30112
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0213
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60112
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50202
Liver carboxylesterase B-10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Soluble acetylcholine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60202
Integrin beta0011
Glycoprotein IIb0011
Chain A, Immunoglobulin0011
Chain B, Immunoglobulin0011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10012
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0001
Mu-type opioid receptor0001
Cholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20012
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Bile salt export pump0101
Albumin0101
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Stromelysin-10112
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Pyruvate kinase PKM0011
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Cholinesterase0101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Amino acid transporter0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
EWS/FLI fusion protein1001
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20101
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 20101
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase0001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
Tetracycline resistance protein, class B0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
Multidrug transporter MdfA0101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-synuclein0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Collagenase 30101
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Integrase 0101
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]