vitamin-b-12 and Dental-Plaque

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B(12) in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontal disease after nonsurgical intervention.. The study base consisted of 45 current smokers and 43 nonsmokers. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Folic acid and vitamin B(12) were determined from peripheral blood samples. Clinical measurements and blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention.. Mean PI was significantly greater in smokers compared with non-smokers throughout the observation period (p<0.001). During the first month, GI levels significantly decreased in both groups. From months 1 through 6, a significant return towards an increased GI level was observed in smokers (p<0.001). PD and CAL levels significantly decreased during the first month in both groups. Thereafter, increasing levels of PD and CAL were seen in both groups, although significantly more pronounced in smokers. Throughout the observation period, the mean CAL was significantly greater in smokers relative to nonsmokers (p<0.001). In smokers, the mean folic acid level gradually and significantly decreased and a slight and significant decrease in mean vitamin B(12) levels was observed in both groups over the entire observation period (p<0.001).. The clinical response to nonsurgical intervention is impaired by smoking and smoking seems to negatively influence the serum level of folic acid following non-surgical intervention.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dental Plaque; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Radiography; Smoking; Vitamin B 12

The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between gastric and oral Helicobacter pylori and oral hygiene in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.. One hundred eight patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who were H pylori -positive in their gastric mucosa were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into 3 groups determined by Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) scores of good, fair, or poor. H pylori was detected in the dental plaque with camphylobacter-like organism test gels. All patients were treated with a combination regimen to eradicate H pylori.. H pylori positivity in dental plaque was correlated with OHI scores; the positivity was 28.5%, 90.2%, or 100% in patients with good, fair, or poor OHI scores, respectively. The eradication of H pylori was associated with recovery from anemia and increased serum vitamin B12 level (P <.0001 and P <.0001). The patients with poor OHI scores had the most frequent gastric recurrence of H pylori (58.3%) compared with those with fair OHI scores (41.2%) and good OHI scores (4.8%).. H pylori seems to be an etiologic factor in vitamin B12 deficiency, since anemia was cured and the level of vitamin B12 in the serum increased as a result of its eradication. However, eradication of H pylori from gastric mucosa alone is not enough to prevent gastric recurrence of the bacteria. Proper oral hygiene must be established to eliminate H pylori in dental plaque. Therefore, we suggest that control of H pylori in dental plaque is necessary to control recurrence of H pylori.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amoxicillin; Anemia, Pernicious; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Campylobacter; Chi-Square Distribution; Clarithromycin; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Omeprazole; Oral Hygiene; Oral Hygiene Index; Penicillins; Recurrence; Statistics as Topic; Stomach Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency