vitamin-b-12 and Anemia--Hemolytic

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vomiting

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anticonvulsants; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cells; Deoxyuridine; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Fluorouracil; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Formyltetrahydrofolates; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lymphocyte Activation; Methionine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Statistics as Topic; Tetrahydrofolates; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Malabsorption Syndromes; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12

The role of the metals, iron and copper, and the vitamins E, folic acid, and B12 in the genesis of nutritional anemias in infancy have been reviewed. All are preventable. The precise requirements for each of these trace elements and vitamins in the small premature infant remain to be defined. The nonhematologic consequences of these nutritional deficiencies require further study. Anemia may prove to be the least important manifestation of the deficiency states.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Copper; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Iron; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Iron; Splenectomy; Thymectomy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Anemia, Pernicious; Biological Transport; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocystinuria; Humans; Infant; Intrinsic Factor; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methionine; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Orotic Acid; Phenylketonurias; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Volume; Collagen Diseases; Dermatomyositis; Felty Syndrome; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Hyperplasia; Iron; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Myositis; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Scleroderma, Systemic; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Circulation; Bone Marrow; Catalase; Erythrocytes; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Metals; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Regional Blood Flow; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Transfusion; Erythropoiesis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Iron; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hemolysis; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Liver; Reticulocytes; Scurvy; Tissue Extracts; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anticoagulants; Chelating Agents; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Fibrinolysis; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobinopathies; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Leukemia; Pregnancy; Splenectomy; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anabolic Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Hypersplenism; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Liver Extracts; Steroids; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Classically, deficiencies of vitamin B

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Thrombotic Microangiopathies; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (CTTP), also called Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the deficiency of the ADAMTS13. CTTP is characterized by the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in small vessels of multiple organs, resulting in thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, eventually leading to organ failure.. We present a case of an 11-month-old male infant with CTTP lacking classic features of the disease. Instead, his clinical picture portrayed vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment delay.. This case led to the conclusion that congenital TTP should be suspected in case of vitamin B12 deficiency if the child does not respond to the vitamin B12 replacement therapy. We also emphasize that management for CTTP should be started at its earliest in case of increased clinical suspicion to avoid worse outcomes, especially in countries lacking rapid availability of enzyme assay.

Topics: ADAMTS13 Protein; Anemia, Hemolytic; Humans; Infant; Male; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Acquired vitamin B

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hemolytic; Female; Humans; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Thrombotic Microangiopathies; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy, or Moschcowitz syndrome, is a rare manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, reticulocytes, and hematimetric indices that can be normal or that might present a mild megaloblastosis, and which are associated with neurological manifestations. Vitamin B12 can be found in animal-based protein foods. Breastfeeding is an adequate source of this vitamin for children, when maternal serum levels are normal. The case of a 16-month-old infant is presented. She was admitted for hemolytic anemia with transfusion requirement, thrombocytopenia, failure to thrive and developmental delay. During her hospitalization, she was diagnosed with pseudothrombotic microangiopathy caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.. La seudomicroangiopatía trombótica o síndrome de Moschcowitz es una manifestación infrecuente del déficit de vitamina B12. Se caracteriza por anemia hemolítica con características microangiopáticas, reticulocitos e índices hematimétricos normales o con ligera megaloblastosis, asociados a manifestaciones neurológicas. La vitamina B12 está presente en alimentos proteicos de origen animal. La lactancia materna es una fuente adecuada para los niños cuando los niveles maternos son normales. Se presenta a una paciente de 16 meses que se internó por anemia hemolítica con requerimiento transfusional, plaquetopenia, mal progreso pondoestatural y retraso neuromadurativo. Durante su internación se arribó al diagnóstico de seudomicroangiopatía trombótica secundaria a déficit de vitamina B12.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Female; Humans; Infant; Thrombotic Microangiopathies; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamins

Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency are common causes of macrocytic anaemia and both are important for many cellular processes. These deficiencies could be due to inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption or drug ingestion. We present a case of a 47-year-old male with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who was admitted for fatigue, persistent frontal headache and left upper-quadrant abdominal pain. Further investigation showed that he had pancytopenia with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and intracranial bleeding (ICB). Serum vitamin B12 and folate were later found to be low and a diagnosis of combined vitamin B12 and folate deficiency mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was made. The patient responded well to vitamin B12 and folate replacement.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Folic Acid; Humans; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Vitamin B 12

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia, called pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), is a clinically important complication in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. We herein present a case of an 80-year-old woman with pseudo-TMA after gastrectomy. She was initially suspected with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura based on rapid progression of anaemia with schistocytes and thrombocytopenia; however, her anaemia and thrombocytopenia were improved by vitamin B12 supplementation alone, with a single session of plasma exchange. Vitamin B12 deficiency was finally confirmed by low vitamin B12 levels from the patient's initial blood sample. In addition, normal ADAMTS13 activity was proven, lowering the likelihood of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Therefore, this patient was diagnosed with pseudo-TMA caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Pseudo-TMA can occur in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency post-gastrectomy.

Topics: ADAMTS13 Protein; Administration, Intravenous; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hemolytic; Asian People; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Plasmapheresis; Thrombotic Microangiopathies; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

BACKGROUND Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare condition that may result from the administration of an antibiotic, most notably the cephalosporin class, commonly used in both the adult and pediatric populations. A delay in recognition by a provider may lead to continuation of the offending agent and possibly result in fatal outcomes. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 65-year-old woman on ceftriaxone infusions after being diagnosed with acute mitral valve endocarditis 3 weeks prior, which presented with severe anemia and bilateral transient vision loss. Being a Jehovah's Witness, the patient refused blood product transfusions and was managed with alternative therapies. The etiology of the symptoms was suspected to be a hemolytic anemia directly related to her ceftriaxone infusions. CONCLUSIONS This report demonstrates the importance of close vigilance while prescribing drugs known to cause hemolytic anemia. Although rare, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia caused by ceftriaxone may be a potentially fatal condition, but with early recognition and withdrawal of the offending agent, successful treatment may ensue. Serological tests should be utilized to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Epoetin Alfa; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Folic Acid; Hematinics; Humans; Jehovah's Witnesses; Vitamin B 12

Hemolytic anemias consist of corpuscular, immun-hemolytic and toxic hemolytic anemias. Within the group of corpuscular hemolytic anemias, except for the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), all symptoms are caused by underlying heredetiary disorders within the red blood cell membran (hereditary spherocytosis), deficiencies of red cell enzymes (G6PDH- and pyrovatkinase deficiency) or disorders in the hemoglobin molecule (thalassaemia and sickle cell disease). Immune-hemolytic anemias are acquired hemolytic anemias and hemolysis is caused by auto- or allo-antibodies which are directed against red blood cell antigens. They are classified as warm, cold, mixed type or drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Therapy consists of glucocorticoids and other immunsuppressive drugs. Pernicious anemia is the most important vitamin B12 deficiency disorder. Diagnosis relies on cobalamin deficiency and antibodies to intrinsic factor. The management should focus on a possibly life-long replacement treatment with cobalamin.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

We present a normotensive, pregnant woman with severe haemolytic anaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Owing to normal platelet count diagnoses other than HELLP syndrome were considered and investigated. The patient was treated with nitrofurantoin 3 weeks before presentation and she turned out to have a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. After treatment with blood transfusion, vitamin B12 and folic acid the patient recovered completely. Caesarean delivery was performed because of maternal hypertension and fetal distress at 33 weeks' gestation.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Transfusion; Cesarean Section; Female; Folic Acid; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; HELLP Syndrome; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prenatal Care; Risk Assessment; Urinary Tract Infections; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hemolytic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex

Concurrent hemolysis in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency is a well-recognized phenomenon and has been attributed to intramedullary destruction of erythrocytes (ineffective erythropoiesis). Recent studies revealed that homocysteine increased the risk of hemolysis in vitamin B12 deficiency in vitro and there is a high frequency (30%) of vitamin B12 deficiency in asymptomatic patients with homozygous methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation, a known cause of hyperhomocysteinemia. Here we report three patients with MTHFR mutations and vitamin B12 deficiency presenting with hemolytic anemia and severely elevated homocysteine levels. Patients demonstrated complete resolution of hemolysis with simultaneous normalization of serum homocysteine levels after vitamin B12 treatments. We reviewed pertinent literature, and hypothesized that hemolytic anemia may be more prevalent in patients who have a coexisting MTHFR gene mutation and vitamin B12 deficiency possibly related to severely elevated homocysteine levels. The hemolysis in these cases occurred predominantly in peripheral blood likely due to the combined effects of structurally defective erythrocytes and homocysteine-induced endothelial damage with microangiopathy.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Mutation; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Thrombophlebitis; Vena Cava, Superior; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

In a 63-year old patient with a history of aortic valve replacement in 1986, a reduced hemoglobin of 91 g/l was found by a family physician. Since serum LDH was also increased, the patient was diagnosed to suffer from mechanically induced, hemolytic anemia and presented at our hospital for further diagnosis and evaluation of the aortic valve prosthesis.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Biopsy; Blood Flow Velocity; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography, Doppler; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Folic Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hemodynamics; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Failure; Vitamin B 12

Serum thymidine kinase (TK) was determined in a family with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type III (CDA, type III). 20 patients and 10 of their healthy siblings were investigated. Elevated TK was found in all 20 patients (median 56.2 U) but their healthy siblings had normal values (median 2.65 U). We suggest that determination of TK should be used for discrimination between healthy siblings and individuals affected by CDA type III when bone marrow examination is not suitable.

Topics: Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital; Anemia, Hemolytic; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Thymidine Kinase; Vitamin B 12

Typical features on the blood smear suggest the diagnosis in some types of anemia, such as the common microcytic anemias, megaloblastic anemias, and certain hemolytic anemias. Some laboratory tests used in anemia, particularly measurement of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels, may present problems in interpretation, which must be recognized if diagnostic errors are to be avoided. Normocytic anemias that are nonhemolytic, have no obvious cause, and are characterized by marked red cell changes on the blood smear should prompt careful investigation for malignancy or marrow fibrosis. Anemias are often multifactorial, and the diagnosis must be reevaluated after the apparent contributing causes have been treated. A number of "danger signs" in a patient with anemia point to the need for hematologic consultation.

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow Examination; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Folic Acid; Humans; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Mice; Reference Values; Vitamin B 12

The facts known today about the occurrence and possible mechanisms of anaemias caused by medicaments are represented in a survey. In this connection toxic haemolytic anaemias, immunohaemolytic anaemias, toxic aplastic anaemias, megaloblastic anaemias, and some other, more rarely occurring types are referred to.

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Antitubercular Agents; Benzenesulfonates; Bone Marrow; Chloramphenicol; Chromosome Aberrations; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Folic Acid Antagonists; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Preleukemia; Purines; Pyrimidines; Vitamin B 12

The pathogenesis of anemia in 84 patients with valvular protheses of the heart was investigated. A secondary deficiency of serum iron and folate, caused by chronic hemolysis, was found. There was no indication of vitamin-B12-deficiency.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Aortic Valve; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Transferrin; Tricuspid Valve; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Altitude; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Erythropoiesis; Folic Acid; Humans; Polycythemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Cell Count; Cell Membrane; Cyclic AMP; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Fluorides; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Reticulocytes; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Blood Transfusion; Diet Therapy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Kidney Diseases; Male; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amino Acids; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Caseins; Diet; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Germ-Free Life; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Intestines; Leukocytes; Minerals; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pancreatic Diseases; Rats; Reticulocytes; Solutions; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Child; Chronic Disease; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Marrow Diseases; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Primary Myelofibrosis; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Antibodies; Cell Survival; Cobalt Isotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Feces; Female; Folic Acid; Gastric Juice; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Plasma Volume; Radioimmunoassay; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Schilling Test; Spleen; Vitamin B 12; Whole-Body Counting

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Androstanes; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Ketones; Splenectomy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Dapsone; Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Malabsorption Syndromes; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Achlorhydria; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hemoglobins; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Malabsorption Syndromes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Schilling Test; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Erythropoiesis; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Iron; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Splenectomy; Tablets; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acetates; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Creatine; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Male; Rabbits; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Bone Marrow Examination; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Iron; Plants; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoimmune Diseases; Eye; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Hair; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Pigmentation; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Choline; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intramuscular; Malonates; Reticulocytes; Serum Albumin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Iron; Splenectomy; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The incidence of megaloblastic anaemia in pregnancy and the puerperium in north Staffordshire has steadily declined as a result of prophylaxis with folic acid. In the presence of advanced folic acid deficiency and with a florid megaloblastic marrow, the anaemia is usually severe, but in many patients the disease is relatively mild and the degree of anaemia is determined more by blood loss or associated iron deficiency than by the megaloblastosis. Microscopic examination of marrow films is still the most reliable method of diagnosis, although estimation of the labile serum folate has produced a 95% correlation with the marrow findings. There are three main factors which operate in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anaemia in pregnancy and the puerperium. First, the maternal stores of folic acid are used up by the growing foetus, and this process is accelerated in multiple pregnancies, after haemorrhage, or in women with haemolytic anaemia. Secondly, an insufficient intake of folic acid, due to poor diet in pregnancy, plays a part in many cases. The third, and possibly the most important, factor is an absorption defect. Folic acid absorption is usually impaired in established cases, and this can still be demonstrated years later in a majority of patients, when they are neither pregnant nor anaemic. More than 20% of all cases also show abnormal fat absorption. An inherited defect in folic acid absorption may also explain why certain women appear to be constitutionally predisposed to megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy and the puerperium, as shown by the abnormal blood group distribution in these patients and by the tendency of megaloblastic anaemia to recur not only in subsequent pregnancies, but, as in six of our cases, following other kinds of stress. The significance of commonly associated conditions like pre-eclampsia and infection is still incompletely understood. Although the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia is simple and effective, the main emphasis should be placed on prophylaxis by administering folic acid to all pregnant women.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood; Blood Group Antigens; Female; Folic Acid; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Puerperal Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acetoacetates; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Proteins; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Animals; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Fetus; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Biological Transport; Child; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Glucose; Hemolysis; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Potassium; Pyruvate Kinase; Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood; Blood Proteins; Child, Preschool; Chromium Isotopes; Erythrocyte Count; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Iron; Kwashiorkor; Lebanon; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Coagulation; Blood Proteins; Chloramphenicol; Epidemiology; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Haptoglobins; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Iron-Dextran Complex; Leukemia; Polycythemia; Thromboplastin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminocaproates; Aminocaproic Acid; Anabolic Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Hemophilia A; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Methandrostenolone; Methyltestosterone; Nandrolone; Purpura; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Steroids; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anticonvulsants; Blood; Celiac Disease; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Epilepsy; Female; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Formiminoglutamic Acid; Glutamates; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Urine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Protein Disorders; Brain Neoplasms; Chlormerodrin; Chromium Isotopes; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cobalt Isotopes; Diuretics; Erythrocytes; Heart Diseases; Hypoproteinemia; Iodine Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms; Obesity; Organomercury Compounds; Polycythemia; Protein Deficiency; Pulmonary Embolism; Radiation Protection; Radioisotopes; Radiometry; Radionuclide Imaging; Schilling Test; Spleen; Thinness; Thyroid Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood; Bone Marrow; Cobalt Isotopes; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Hemoglobinuria; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Iron Isotopes; Metabolism; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiometry; Rats; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Hematologic Diseases; Liver Extracts; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Erythrocytes; Humans; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocytes; Humans; Isotopes; Vitamin B 12

Experiments dealing with the distribution of B(12)Co(60) in the dog indicate that with time (9 months after administration) there is a shift in the distribution of the vitamin as compared to the short term experiments, as well as prolonged retention of the vitamin within various dog tissues. The heart, gastric mucosa, liver, spleen, and brain show high concentrations of the isotope in long term experiments. This distribution, in the heart for example, does not fit with an hypothetical breakdown of B(12)Co(60) complex and storage of a physiologically inactive fraction. Repeated periods of anemia produced by phenylhydrazine make it possible to demonstrate radioactive material in red cell stroma of dogs that have previously received vitamin B(12)Co(60). This radioactive material must have come from other body stores, such as liver and stomach. The high concentration of B(12)Co(60) in the gastric mucosa suggests a relationship between it and the intrinsic factor as described by Castle.

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Dogs; Gastric Mucosa; Liver; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Corrinoids; Humans; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Folic Acid; Humans; Onions; Thiamine; Vegetables; Vitamin B 12