vitamin-b-12 and Swine-Diseases

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediary S-containing amino acid produced by the methylation process within all cells. It is known as a powerful pro-oxidant with multiple deleterious effects on immune and physiological functions. Blood plasma total Hcy (tHcy), the most common indicator of Hcy status, can be reduced by dietary folates or vitamin B(12) in pigs as in most mammalians. In humans, homocysteinemia is routinely assessed after an overnight fast (≥ 12 h) although information is not available on circadian tHcy changes. Using a subgroup of pigs from a study on portal appearance of vitamin B(12) after a single meal containing 0, 25 or 250 μg of cyanocobalamin, the present study aimed to report the circadian profile of postmeal blood plasma tHcy and estimate the contribution of portal drained viscera (PDV) to the systemic tHcy. Four pigs (39.7 ± 1.1 kg BW) were surgically equipped at 101.0 ± 8.2 d of age with catheters in the portal vein and carotid artery; an ultrasonic flow probe was also fitted around the portal vein for blood flow recordings. Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the 2 catheters once before meal and at least every hour during 24 h after ingestion of 1.2 kg of a vitamin-free semipurified diet. Arterial tHcy changed considerably during the 24-h postmeal period (P < 0.001; SE = 0.8). In fact, from 12.3 μM 10 min before meal, tHcy gradually reached a maximum of 23.4 μM 13 h postmeal and returned to 15.5 μM 23 h after the meal. Net fluxes of tHcy across PDV were not influenced by levels of dietary vitamin B(12), postprandial time, or their interaction (P > 0.25); average net flux did not differ from zero (P > 0.08). These results suggest that systemic Hcy following a meal originates from metabolic pools other than PDV. It appears that an overnight fast of 12 h will reflect the peak rather than the basal value for tHcy. The duration of the fasting period is therefore a critical factor for a reliable interpretation of tHcy homeostasis in pigs. Such information may be also relevant for human health and nutrition because pig is recognized as a reliable model for Hcy metabolism.

Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Portal Vein; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The aim of the study was to monitor the effect of butaphosphane (1-(n-butylamino)-1-methylophosphorous acid) and cyanocobalamin (Catosal preparation, Bayer AG) on regeneration of the longissimus lumborum muscle (musculus longissimus lumborum) in pigs. Experiments were conducted on 34 piglets of Polish Large White breed with a mean body weight of 20 kg that were divided into two groups. Piglets of group I (control) received an intramuscular injection of 10 cm3 of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride at both side of the spine. Piglets of group II were injected with bupivacaine, as in group I, and additionally received intramuscular injections of 5 ml of Catosal for 5 subsequent days. The animals were euthanized 6, 12, and 24 hours as well as 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after muscle injury. Preparations obtained from muscle specimens were stained with HE, PAS method acc. to McManus, HBFP, Feulgen, and Unna methods. Ultrastructural preparations (TEM) were prepared following a standard procedure. The presence of vimentin, desmin and PCNA was detected immunohistochemically in sections prepared with a paraffin method. Necrosis of muscle fibres was observed in all animals after bupivacaine injection. The administration of Catosal accelerated the regeneration of damaged skeletal muscles in pigs through the facilitation of phagocytosis and enhancement of myogenic cells proliferation. No effect of Catosal was found on differentiation of myoblasts or maturation of newly-formed muscle fibres.

Topics: Animals; Bupivacaine; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Necrosis; Organophosphonates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy. The clinical presentation can be acute (i.e. proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy, PHE), chronic (i.e. porcine intestinal adenomatosis, PIA) or subclinical. In humans with chronic enteropathies, low serum folate (vitamin B(9)) and cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) concentrations have been associated with increased serum concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA), which reflect the availability of both vitamins at the cellular level. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum folate, cobalamin, homocysteine and MMA concentrations in serum samples from pigs with PHE, PIA or subclinical L. intracellularis infection, and in negative controls. Serum folate, cobalamin, homocysteine and MMA concentrations differed significantly among pigs in the PHE, PIA, subclinical and negative control groups. Serum folate concentrations in the PHE and PIA groups were lower than in the subclinical and negative control groups, while serum cobalamin concentrations were lower in the PIA group than in other groups. Serum concentrations of homocysteine were higher in the PHE, PIA and subclinical groups than in the negative control group. Serum concentrations of MMA were higher in the subclinical and PIA groups than in the control group. These data suggest that pigs infected with L. intracellularis have altered serum cobalamin, folate, homocysteine and MMA concentrations.

Topics: Animals; Asymptomatic Infections; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Lawsonia Bacteria; Methylmalonic Acid; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Studies were carried out with the iron dextran preparation-100 and vitamin B12 at 100 gamma, applied to 80 pigs of 10 sows of the Camborough hybrid on two swine breeding complexes of different raising technologies. The pigs were divided into 4 groups of animals each. The Ist group was treated with dextrofer, the IInd--with dextrofer + vit. B12, the IIIrd--with vit. B12, and the IVth was left as control. The hemoglobin rate, erythrocyte, count, iron, and live-weight were followed up. It was found that the hemoglobin values at birth with the Ist group on the two complexes were within the range of 8.89 +/- 1.3 to 10.24 +/- 1.36 g/100 cm-3, while with the IInd group they were higher at weaning--11.8 +/- 0.48 g/100 cm3. The IIIrd and IVth group showed very low values at weaning--7.47 +/- 0.46 g/100 cm3 and 6.35 +/- 1.05 cm3. The twofold injection at a 7-day interval did not alter essentially the hemoglobin values. The pigs of the IInd group, injected twice, had much higher values of the erythrocyte count--7.58 +/- 0.09 T/L. The liveweight of the pigs of all four groups from the 7th day on ranged from 2.15 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 kg. Following a twofold injection with the pigs of the IInd group it rose to 6.1 +/- 0.14 kg. Similar proved the data concerning the iron in the blood plasma. Its values were highest with the pigs of the IInd group which were injected twice--38.86 +/- 1.7 mol/l.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocyte Count; Hemoglobins; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Comparative investigations were carried out on the absorption, antianemic action, and growth effect with newborn pigs with FB-82 and dextrofer-100 (an iron dextran complex with 100 mg Fe3+ per cm3) injected i/m. The FB-82 is a combined preparation of 3500000 IU Tylosine tartrate, 0.008 g cyanocobalamin, 0.5 g pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.1 g tartaric acid, and iron dextran up to 100 cm3 (= 100 mg Fe3+/cm3). Dextrofer-100 enriched with 50 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Co, 200 micrograms cyanocobalamin, and 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride for 100 cm3 under the compound name of fericin was also used to compare the anti-anemic effect of FB-82 and dextrofer-100. It was found that FB-82 applied to newborn pigs in a single dose of 2 cm3, i/m, was well absorbed; it developed high concentrations of tylosine in the plasma, and its sideremia and antianemic action were similar to those induced by an equivalent (with regard to iron) amount of dextrofer-100, whereas the result concerning the hematocrit value was better. Compared to dextrofer-100 the FB-82 preparation have better protection to pigs (lowered the mortality rate) and induced better development of the animals. Fericin did not differ essentially from FB-82 in terms of its effect on the red blood picture, however, the percent of protected pigs was lower.

Topics: Absorption; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Growth; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Leucomycins; Pyridoxine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors; Tylosin; Vitamin B 12

Comparative studies were carried out with dextrofer-100 with B12 and dextrofer-100 in terms of acute toxicity (albino mice), absorption (rabbits, pigs, and lambs), deposition of iron in the liver and spleen (rabbits, pigs, and lambs) and antianemic action (pigs and lambs). It was found that LD50 of dextrofer-100 with B12 at i/v introduction into 18-20-gram albino mice was 1750 mg Fe3+/kg body mass; with regard to toxicity it was shown to correspond to the British Veterinary Code. The toxicity of dextrofer-100, studied by the same test, was practically undeterminable. By the level of sideremia dextrofer-100 with B12 did not differ essentially from dextrofer-100 and was said to belong to preparations with rapid absorption. It was most rapidly absorbed in pigs, rabbits and lambs following next. It supplied enough iron to the reticuloendothelial organs--in pigs it was (on a percent basis) highest in the liver, and in lambs--in the spleen. In pigs on the 10th day following treatment with dextrofer-100 with B12 the liver was shown to have vitamin B12 5 times as much. By its antianemic effect at i/m application to newborn pigs and lambs dextrofer-100 with B12 did not differ essentially from dextrofer-100 (its action was negligibly broader), however, it was beneficial to the growth of pigs.

Topics: Absorption; Anemia; Animals; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Liver; Male; Mice; Rabbits; Sheep; Spleen; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Digitalis Glycosides; DNA; Drug Combinations; Heart Diseases; Magnesium; Potassium; Selenium; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Copper; Cortisone; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Hypersensitivity; Intestine, Small; Kidney; Liver; Promethazine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Blood Volume Determination; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Infertility; Reproduction; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency