vitamin-b-12 and Periodontal-Diseases

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B(12) in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontal disease after nonsurgical intervention.. The study base consisted of 45 current smokers and 43 nonsmokers. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Folic acid and vitamin B(12) were determined from peripheral blood samples. Clinical measurements and blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention.. Mean PI was significantly greater in smokers compared with non-smokers throughout the observation period (p<0.001). During the first month, GI levels significantly decreased in both groups. From months 1 through 6, a significant return towards an increased GI level was observed in smokers (p<0.001). PD and CAL levels significantly decreased during the first month in both groups. Thereafter, increasing levels of PD and CAL were seen in both groups, although significantly more pronounced in smokers. Throughout the observation period, the mean CAL was significantly greater in smokers relative to nonsmokers (p<0.001). In smokers, the mean folic acid level gradually and significantly decreased and a slight and significant decrease in mean vitamin B(12) levels was observed in both groups over the entire observation period (p<0.001).. The clinical response to nonsurgical intervention is impaired by smoking and smoking seems to negatively influence the serum level of folic acid following non-surgical intervention.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dental Plaque; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Radiography; Smoking; Vitamin B 12

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the serum levels of folic acid, vitamin B(12) and some haematological variables in patients with periodontal disease.. The study base consisted of 88 volunteer patients with periodontal disease, including 45 current smokers in the age range 31-68 years and 43 non-smokers in the range 32-66 years. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Folic acid, vitamin B(12) and haematological variables were determined from peripheral blood samples.. PI, PD and CAL means were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.05). The serum folic acid concentration of smokers was lower than that of non-smokers (p<0.05), whereas the white blood cell count was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p<0.05).. The results of this study suggest that among patients with periodontal disease the serum folic acid concentration is lower in smokers compared with non-smokers.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Chronic Disease; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Folic Acid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Hemoglobins; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Smoking; Vitamin B 12

Biochemical indices of AA clearly showed that the young men in this study were brought into various states of AA depletion and repletion according to their dietary AA intakes. While previous studies have postulated that supplemental intakes of AA may adversely affect body status of vitamins B6 and B12, we found no changes in the B vitamin status of the young men receiving varying AA intakes. Moderate AA supplementation (605 mg/day) showed no antagonistic effect on markers of vitamins B6 and B12. Blood markers of fat-soluble vitamins A and E and iron status were not affected by AA intakes. The propensity of the gingiva to become inflamed or bleed on probing was reduced after normal (65 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to deficient (5 mg/day) intakes and upon supplementary (605 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to normal intakes. The results suggest that AA status may influence early stages of gingival inflammation and crevicular bleeding, and warrant further study of the relationship between AA and periodontal health.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Iron; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Periodontal Diseases; Pyridoxine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E