vitamin-b-12 and Cerebral-Hemorrhage

Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Anabolic Agents; Androstanes; Attention; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression, Chemical; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Female; Folic Acid; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervous System Diseases; Niacinamide; Placebos; Psychopharmacology; Pyridoxine; Sleep; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a frequent comorbidity with AD, estimated to occur in as many as 40% of AD patients. The causes of VaD are varied and include chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, microhemorrhages, hemorrhagic infarcts, or ischemic infarcts. We have developed a model of VaD by inducing hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in wild-type mice. By placing wild-type mice on a diet deficient in folate, B6, and B12 and supplemented with excess methionine, we induced a moderate HHcy (plasma level homocysteine 82.93 ± 3.561 μmol). After 11 weeks on the diet, the hyperhomocysteinemic mice showed a spatial memory deficit as assessed by the 2-day radial-arm water maze. Also, magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent histology revealed significant microhemorrhage occurrence. We found neuroinflammation induced in the hyperhomocysteinemic mice as determined by elevated interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IL-6 in brain tissue. Finally, we found increased expression and increased activity of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 systems that are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage. Overall, we have developed a dietary model of VaD that will be valuable for studying the pathophysiology of VaD and also for studying the comorbidity of VaD with other dementias and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dementia, Vascular; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Memory Disorders; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether any relationship between stroke and vitamin B12, folic acid concentration. We examined 50 patients with stroke (male: 26 and female: 24) aged between (mean +/- SD, year) 59 +/- 14 and 16 control subjects (male: 6 and female: 10) aged between (mean +/- SD, year) 53 +/- 11. Patients were classified into two groups as infarct and hemorrhagic by using Computerised Brain Tomography and Cranial Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques. The percentage of patients with infract was 47.5% in female and 52.5% in male while it was 40% in female and 60% in male with hemorrhagic. The vitamin B12 levels of patients with infarct, hemorrhagic and control group were found as mean +/- SEM, 355 +/- 47 pg/ml, 313 +/- 58 pg/ml, 1569 +/- 258 pg/ml and folic acid levels 13.4 +/- 2.6 ng/ml, 7.7 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, 14.8 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively. The significant difference was found between subgroups of patients with stroke and control group in both folic acid and B12 vitamin levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). But, there was no significant difference between vitamin B12 and folic acid levels of patients with hemorrhagic and infarct. In order to well understand the effects of these vitamin in patients with stroke, more detailed follow up studies with long period are needed.

Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stroke; Vitamin B 12

The levels of plasma homocysteine were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatographic method. It was found that plasma homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the patients with stroke than that in the controls. There was no correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and hypertension, smoking, concentrations of blood glucose or hypertriglyceridesemia. It was suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia may be an independent risk factor for acute cerebral vascular disease.

Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Catheterization; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Epilepsy, Absence; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Methods; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radiochemistry; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12