vitamin-b-12 and Bone-Marrow-Diseases

Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Dental Hygienists; Dental Staff; Female; Gas Scavengers; Humans; Infertility, Female; Male; Maximum Allowable Concentration; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; Nitrous Oxide; Occupational Exposure; Pregnancy; Respiratory Protective Devices; United States; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anticonvulsants; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cells; Deoxyuridine; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Fluorouracil; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Formyltetrahydrofolates; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lymphocyte Activation; Methionine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Statistics as Topic; Tetrahydrofolates; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The authors, after having reviewed folic acid and folates chemical and biochemical characteristics and their absorption and excretion modalities, determine serum folate levels by radioassay method on 30 patients with renal failure in chronic dialysis and on 24 normal controls. Low serum folate levels concerned 14 uremic patients (46.6% of th cases): 10 in hemodialysis and 4 in peritoneal dialysis. The mean serum folate values was 3.31 ng/ml (+/- 1.93) for the uremic patients' group and 4.29 ng/ml (+/- 1.21) for the control group. The difference between the mean level of these groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). No significant difference was observed among the mean serum folate levels of the uremic patients in peritoneal dialysis and of those in hemodialysis. Significantly low serum folate levels were finally found for the uremic HBsAg-positive patients, but in the same subjects the dialytic treatment period had been very prolonged. The authors conclude emphasizing the usefulness of folic acid treatment in uremic patients on dialysis, also without having an evident hematologic picture of megaloblastic anemia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hemolysis; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Uremia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Abetalipoproteinemia; Amino Acids; Biliary Tract Diseases; Bone Marrow Diseases; Celiac Disease; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Large; Intestine, Small; Lipidoses; Magnesium; Malabsorption Syndromes; Pancreatic Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Protein-Losing Enteropathies; Sprue, Tropical; Vitamin B 12; Whipple Disease; Xanthomatosis

A prospective, randomized study was conducted to evaluate the role of vitamin B12 and folinic acid supplementation in preventing zidovudine (ZDV)-induced bone marrow suppression. Seventy-five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts < 500/mm3 were randomized to receive either ZDV (500 mg daily) alone (group I, n = 38) or in combination with folinic acid (15 mg daily) and intramascular vitamin B12 (1000 micrograms monthly) (group II, n = 37). Finally, 15 patients were excluded from the study (noncompliance 14, death 1); thus, 60 patients (31 in group I and 29 in group II) were eligible for analysis. No significant differences between groups were found at enrollment. During the study, vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly higher in group II patients; however, no differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and white-cell, neutrophil and platelet counts were observed between groups at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Severe hematologic toxicity (neutrophil count < 1000/mm3 and/or hemoglobin < 8 g/dl) occurred in 4 patients assigned to group I and 7 assigned to group II. There was no correlation between vitamin B12 or folate levels and development of myelosuppression. Vitamin B12 and folinic acid supplementation of ZDV therapy does not seem useful in preventing or reducing ZDV-induced myelotoxicity in the overall treated population, although a beneficial effect in certain subgroups of patients cannot be excluded.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Bone Marrow Diseases; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Folic Acid; Hematologic Diseases; HIV Infections; Humans; Leucovorin; Male; Neutropenia; Prospective Studies; Vitamin B 12; Zidovudine

It is unusual for inborn errors of metabolism to be considered in the investigative work-up of pancytopenia. We report a family in which the proband presented with failure to thrive at 2 months of age and subsequent bone marrow failure. A previous sibling had died at 7 months of age with suspected leukaemia. Haematological findings in the proband were significant for pancytopenia, and bone marrow aspiration showed dysplastic changes in all cell lineages. Urinary organic acid analysis revealed elevated methylmalonic acid. The synthesis of transcobalamin II (transcobalamin, TC) by cultured fibroblasts was markedly reduced, confirming the diagnosis of TC deficiency. The proband and his younger asymptomatic sister (also found to have TC deficiency) were homozygous for R399X (c.1195C>T), a novel mutation resulting in the loss of the C- terminal 29 amino acids of TC, a highly conserved region. Response to parenteral vitamin B(12) in the proband was dramatic. At 6 years 3 months of age, physical examination is normal and developmental level is age appropriate. His sister is clinically asymptomatic and is also developing normally. Propionylcarnitine concentrations were not elevated in the newborn screening cards from the proband and sister, but that was for specimens retrieved from storage after 7 years and 5 years, respectively. Inherited and acquired cobalamin disorders should both be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow failure syndromes in young children. Early detection of the metabolic causes of bone marrow failure can ensure prompt recovery in some cases involving the vitamin B(12) pathway.

Topics: Biomarkers; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; DNA Mutational Analysis; Failure to Thrive; Female; Fibroblasts; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Infant; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mutation; Pancytopenia; Pedigree; Phenotype; Transcobalamins; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12

Elevation of mean cell volume (MCV) is a common clinical problem, but the etiologic spectrum and optimal diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis are not well defined.. We studied 300 consecutive hospitalized adult patients with MCV values > or = 100 fL. Assessment included complete blood counts, morphologic review, liver function tests, and levels of serum cobalamin (Cbl), methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine.. The most common cause of macrocytosis was drug therapy, followed by alcohol, liver disease, and reticulocytosis. Megaloblastic hematopoiesis accounted for less than 10% of cases. MCV values > 120 fL were usually caused by Cbl deficiency. Anisocytosis, macro-ovalocytosis, and teardrop erythrocytes were most prominent in megaloblastic hematopoiesis. Elevated levels of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine were useful in the diagnosis of Cbl deficiency.. Drugs and alcohol are the most common causes of macrocytosis in hospitalized patients in a New York City teaching hospital. We have formulated tentative guidelines for the evaluation of high MCV values in this setting.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Bone Marrow Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocysteine; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Liver Diseases; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; Middle Aged; Platelet Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Reticulocyte Count; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

We observed a case of pernicious anaemia in which MRI of the spine demonstrated both intrinsic lesions of the spinal cord and abnormal signal in the bone marrow. The latter resolved with replacement therapy. Only partial recovery of the cord lesions was observed.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Biopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

A poodle-type dog with bone marrow dyscrasia and macrocytosis was investigated by clinicopathological, cytological and ultrastructural means. Peripheral blood analysis revealed macrocytosis and the presence of nucleated erythroid cells, some with nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony. Tendencies towards neutropenia and granulocytic hypersegmentation were observed. Bone marrow examination revealed low normal myeloid to erythroid ratio, the presence of megaloblasts and some giant metamyelocytes. In addition, there were abnormal mitoses, binuclearity and multinuclearity, incomplete nuclear membranes and nuclear clefts, intracytoplasmic parallel-sided membranes and apparent degenerate erythroid cells. Blood biochemical tests indicated normal to high concentrations of serum vitamin B12, serum folate and red cell folate. Transcobalamin I/IIIB12-binding capacity was similar to values for normal dogs, but transcobalamin II-binding capacity appeared high. It was concluded that the condition had similarities to both congenital dyserythropoietic disorders and true megaloblastic conditions, but until further investigations are reported it might be wise to refer to it as "bone marrow dyscrasia" in poodles.

Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Diseases; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Folic Acid; Hematologic Diseases; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Alcohol causes different hematologic alterations on each of the three bone marrow cellular series. Its effect on the red series leads to the appearance of megaloblastic disturbances, erythroblastic vacuolization, iron metabolism abnormalities, and hemolytic syndromes. Megaloblastic disturbances may arise as a consequence of folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency or of a direct toxic effect of ethanol on the erythroblasts. Iron metabolism alterations include reversible sideroblastic anemia, and hemosiderosis. The three hemolytic syndromes related to the consumption of ethanol are: acanthocytosis, stomatocytosis, and Zieve's syndrome. Alcohol induces leukopenia and functional deffects of the leukocytes; these facts explain the frequent susceptibility of chronic alcoholics to infection. Ethanol may act upon the megakaryocytic series to produce reversible thrombopenia and various alterations in platelet function. Thus alcohol exerts toxic effects on bone marrow, which interfere with the proliferation, maturation, release and survival of the three cellular series, either directly or by means of complex mechanisms related to the metabolism of folic acid, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, or iron. Alcoholism should therefore be considered as a possible cause whenever an obscure hematological condition comes under scrutiny.

Topics: Alcoholism; Bone Marrow Diseases; Erythrocytes; Ethanol; Folic Acid; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Leukocytes; Megakaryocytes; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12

The technique described in the preceding paper was applied to 12 abnormal sera selected for their increase in one or more B12-binding proteins. Even in the presence of large amounts of R-type binder, the ammonium sulfate technique gave a reliable separation of R binding proteins from TC II. Measurement of the TC II in abnormal sera gave results identical to those obtained by the more standard gel filtration. The R binders of four subjects with myeloproliferative disease were further separated into alpha2-R and alpha1-R. The pattern of B12 binding of polycythemia vera (PV) was an exaggeration of the normal pattern. Binding to alpha2-R was three to four times that to alpha1-R, although the total amounts bound to both were increased. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), both alpha2-R and alpha1-R were also increased, but in contrast to binding in normal sera, alpha1-R predominated. In order to interpret the findings, either whole serum R or alpha1-R and alpha2-R from patients with myeloproliferative disease were subject to isoelectric focusing. Alpha2-R consisted pricipally of components isoelectric at pH 2.9, 3.0, and 3.1. These components were present in only minor amounts in normal serum and were somewhat increased in the serum of PV. These components were very much increased in the serum of CML and predominated. Alpha2-R consisted of those components isoelectric at pH 3.4,3.6, and 4.0. These components predominated in the unsaturated binding capacity of normal sera and that of PV. It was concluded that the division of plasma R binders into alpha1-R and alpha1-R by the technique described provided information useful in the study of myeloproliferative diseases.

Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Blood Proteins; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

1. Sheep fed on a maintenance ration of wheaten-hay chaff or of wheaten-hay chaff-lucerne-hay chaff (I : I, W/W) became deficient or incipiently deficient in vitamin E. 2. Degenerative changes were observed in bone marrow and muscle, and liver function was imparied in some animals. These abnormalities were not influenced by the vitamin B12 status of the animals or by a shortage of cobalt in the rumen. 3. Plasma ascorbic acid levels may not have been optimum, and folic may not have been fully utilized by some sheep. 4. Liver function responded faily rapidly to alpha-tocopheryl acetate, but skeletal muscle had not returned to normal after 28 weeks of treatment. A variable trend towards normal cellularity was found in bone marrow following supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl acetate. 5. A secondary deficiency or, alternatively, inefficient excretion or metabolism of a toxic material, may occur in vitamin E deficiency as a result of degenerative changes in the absorptive or excretory areas of the intestinal tract and be responsible for the bone marrow abnormality.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cobalt; Creatine Kinase; Female; Hemoglobins; Intestines; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Muscles; Sheep; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency

Topics: Biological Assay; Bone Marrow Diseases; Charcoal; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Euglena gracilis; Humans; Megaloblasts; Methods; Protein Binding; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Radioligand Assay; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Anorexia Nervosa; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Volume; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Folic Acid; Glycosaminoglycans; Hematopoiesis; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Lymphopenia; Starvation; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow Diseases; Cobalt Isotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Cord Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Marrow Diseases; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Primary Myelofibrosis; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anabolic Agents; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Folic Acid; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Methenolone; Penicillin G; Prednisolone; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Cobalt; Erythropoiesis; Female; Kidney; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Reticulocytes; Sheep; Time Factors; Triticum; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Addisonian pernicious anaemia is believed to be very rare in Arabs. Three cases are reported. Two were Jordanians of Palestinian origin and one an Egyptian. All had the typical peripheral macrocytosis, a frankly megaloblastic bone marrow, and a Schilling test result in the range of pernicious anaemia. All three improved remarkably on vitamin B(12) therapy and have maintained a normal haemoglobin level. There was no evidence of gastric carcinoma in any of these cases.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow Diseases; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Kuwait; Male; Schilling Test; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Binding Sites; Biological Assay; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Isotopes; Euglena; Glycoproteins; HeLa Cells; Humans; Male; Molecular Weight; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Phosphorus Isotopes; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Bone Marrow Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Primary Myelofibrosis; Prognosis; Protein Binding; Uremia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Megakaryocytes; Middle Aged; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Transfusion; Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Chloramphenicol; Female; Folic Acid; Hepatitis A; Hip Joint; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Prednisone; Testosterone; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Autoradiography; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Carbon Isotopes; DNA; Erythrocytes; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Folic Acid; Formates; Glycine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Iron Isotopes; Male; Nucleosides; Phenytoin; Riboflavin; RNA; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow Diseases; Child, Preschool; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; India; Infant; Iron; Kwashiorkor; Seasons; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adsorption; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Antibodies; Autoantibodies; Blood; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cattle; Charcoal; Gastric Juice; Intrinsic Factor; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Polycythemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Spinal Cord Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Radiation; Vitamin B 12; X-Rays