vitamin-b-12 and Bone-Diseases

Megalin and cubilin are two multifunctional endocytic receptors expressed in many absorptive epithelia including the yolk sac, the renal proximal tubules, and the intestine. In these tissues, the receptors act in concert to mediate the cellular uptake of a variety of lipoproteins and vitamin/ carrier complexes. Recent studies in animal models and in patients suffering from receptor gene defects have highlighted the crucial role played by the receptors in systemic lipid and vitamin homeostasis, and the severe defects that result from receptor dysfunction. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms that underlie normal receptor activity and that cause disease in the receptor-deficient organism.

Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Epithelium; Gene Expression; Holoprosencephaly; Humans; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Animal; Protein Binding; Receptors, Cell Surface; Vitamin B 12; Yolk Sac

Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Bone Diseases; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Eye Diseases; Homocysteine; Homocystine; Homocystinuria; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Methyltransferases; Nervous System Diseases; Skin Diseases; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Thrombosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Blood Group Antigens; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carotenoids; Celiac Disease; Diet Therapy; Diet, Gluten-Free; Erythrocyte Count; Geriatrics; Glutens; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Iron; Lipid Metabolism; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Prothrombin Time; Serum Albumin; Vitamin B 12; Xylose

The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of potassium bromate (KBrO3) to induce oxidative stress in blood and bone of adult mice and its possible attenuation by vanillin. Our results demonstrated, after KBrO3 treatment, a decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin and a significant increase of white blood cell. A decrease in plasma levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and iron was also noted. Interestingly, an increase of lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products and protein carbonyl levels in erythrocytes and bone was observed, while superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione, non-protein thiol and vitamin C levels were decreased. KBrO3 treatment resulted in blood and bone DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of genotoxicity-KBrO3-induced, with reduction of DNA levels. Calcium and phosphorus levels showed a decrease in the bone and an increase in the plasma after KBrO3 treatment. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by histological changes in the blood smear and bone tissue. Treatment with vanillin improved the histopathological, hematotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by KBrO3. The results showed, for the first time, that the vanillin possesses a potent protective effect against the oxidative stress and genotoxicity in bone and blood of KBrO3-treated mice.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzaldehydes; Bone Diseases; Bromates; Calcium; DNA Fragmentation; Enzymes; Erythrocytes; Femur; Folic Acid; Hematologic Diseases; Lipid Peroxidation; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorus; Platelet Count; Protective Agents; Vitamin B 12

We report one of the youngest cases of POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes), presenting in a 24-year-old man. A solitary lytic bone lesion and vitamin B12 deficiency were also found. We suggest that this syndrome be considered in cases of subacute polyneuropathy developing in young adults.

Topics: Acetabulum; Adult; Biopsy; Bone Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Neural Conduction; POEMS Syndrome; Prednisone; Sural Nerve; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Drainage; Dumping Syndrome; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrectomy; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vagotomy; Vitamin B 12; Vomiting

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Diseases; Family Practice; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrectomy; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Blood-Brain Barrier; Bone Diseases; Deafness; Electrophoresis, Disc; Female; Foot Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Spinal Dysraphism; Ulcer; Vestibulocochlear Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Bone Diseases; Coenzymes; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Joint Dislocations; Middle Aged; Pain; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Intestinal Absorption; Malabsorption Syndromes; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Transfusion; Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Chloramphenicol; Female; Folic Acid; Hepatitis A; Hip Joint; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Prednisone; Testosterone; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Diseases; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Joint Diseases; Neuralgia; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Phospholipids; Sciatica; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Celiac Disease; Drug Therapy; Folic Acid; Gastrectomy; Geriatrics; Humans; Iron; Malabsorption Syndromes; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Anabolic Agents; Bone Diseases; Child; Cortisone; Humans; Radiography; Steroids; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D