vitamin-b-12 and Poultry-Diseases

The ideal live vaccine to control Salmonella in commercial chicken flocks should engender protection against various strains. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the attenuation of a Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) mutant strain with deletion on genes cobS and cbiA, that are involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin. Furthermore, evaluate its use as a live vaccine against Salmonella. For the evaluation of the vaccine efficacy, two experiments were conducted separately. Birds from a commercial brown line of chickens were used to perform challenge with SG wild type strain and birds from a commercial white line of chickens were used to perform challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) wild type strain. In both experiments, the birds were separated in three groups (A, B and C). Birds were orally vaccinated with the SG mutant as the following programme: group A, one dose at 5 days of age; group B, one dose at 5 days of age and a second dose at 25 days of age; and group C, birds were kept unvaccinated as controls. At 45 days of age, birds from all groups, including the control, were challenged orally by SG wild type (brown line) or SE wild type (white line). Lastly, another experiment was performed to evaluate the use of the SG mutant strain to prevent caecal colonization by SE wild type on 1-day-old broiler chicks. Mortality and systemic infection by SG wild type strain were assessed in brown chickens; faecal shedding and systemic infection by SE wild type were assessed in white chickens and caecal colonization was assessed in broiler chicks. Either vaccination with one or two doses of SG mutant, were capable to protect brown chickens against SG wild type. In the experiment with white chickens, only vaccination with two doses of SG mutant protected the birds against challenge with SE wild type. Although, SG mutant could not prevent caecal colonization in 1-day-old broiler chicks by the challenge strain SE wild type. Overall, the results indicated that SG mutant is a promising Salmonella live vaccine candidate that demonstrated good efficacy to control the infection by two serotypes of major importance to the poultry industry.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Chickens; Female; Gene Deletion; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella Vaccines; Sepsis; Survival Analysis; Vaccines, Attenuated; Virulence Factors; Vitamin B 12

1. Addition of supplemental choline to a biotin-deficient diet decreased the biotin status of chicks and increased mortality from fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. Mortality was also increased by dietary supplementation with a mixture of other B-vitamins, excluding biotin, and was highest when the choline and B-vitamin supplements were combined. 3. The occurrence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) was unaffected by dietary biotin concentration. 4. A previously unreported condition was observed in which birds died showing post-mortem signs characteristic of both FLKS and SDS and whose occurrence was related to the biotin status of the chicks.

Topics: Animals; Biotin; Chickens; Choline; Death, Sudden; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Kidney Diseases; Male; Poultry Diseases; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Dietary Proteins; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Male; Poultry Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Liver; Poultry Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Eggs; Poultry Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Egg production, liver lipid, and liver hemorrhagic score were not significantly altered by diets that contained inositol (at 1 or 2 g./kg. diet) and fed ad libitum, or force-fed to S.C. White Leghorn hens to produce fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). FLHS was not prevented by lecithin, iodinated casein alone or with inositol. The vitamins B12, choline and E appeared to reduce FLHS and liver lipid in the one group tested. The dose-response relationship between feed intake, liver hemorrhagic score and liver lipid content was again demonstrated.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Caseins; Chickens; Choline; Eggs; Fatty Liver; Female; Hemorrhage; Inositol; Iodine; Lipids; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Oviposition; Phosphatidylcholines; Poultry Diseases; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamins

A natural occuring outbreak of aflatoxicosis was observed in Bobwhite quail chicks while on a brooding experiment. A slight reduction in effects was noted for birds which received Tylan in the water from 0-3 days and Terramycin from 0-35 days of age. No symptoms of aflatoxicosis were observed in birds which received a product (FloxAid) containing two antibiotics and eight vitamins from 0-14 days. It is postulated that the primary mode of protection was via the water soluble vitamin D content of the product with possibly some protection from vitamins A, E and K.

Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Cholecalciferol; Choline; Folic Acid; Housing, Animal; Leucomycins; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Procaine; Poultry Diseases; Pyridoxine; Quail; Streptomycin; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K

Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Biotin; Body Weight; Chickens; Cystine; Diet; Ethers; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Glycine max; Homocystine; Male; Methionine; Niacinamide; Poultry Diseases; Sulfates; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Chickens; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Incubators; Insemination, Artificial; Lactobacillus; Nutritional Requirements; Poultry Diseases; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Edible Grain; Fatty Liver; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Poultry Diseases; Selenium; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Glutamates; Growth Disorders; Male; Poultry Diseases; Pyridoxine; Serine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Aspergillus flavus; Chickens; Choline; Fatty Liver; Female; Inositol; Lipids; Liver; Poultry Diseases; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Cobalt; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Hemorrhage; Inositol; Lipids; Liver; Methionine; Poultry Diseases; Selenium; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animal Feed; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Volume Determination; Chickens; Copper; Hemorrhage; Iron; Poultry Diseases; Quinoxalines; Vitamin B 12