vitamin-b-12 and Fatty-Liver

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a worldwide medical problem characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic modifications involving peripheral insulin resistance. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents the liver expression of this pathological condition. Both MS and NASH are characterized by proinflammatory status and increased oxidative stress. According this, we aimed to review the literature for considering a possible role for vitamins as therapeutical support in MS and NASH.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antioxidants; Cells, Cultured; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endothelial Cells; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Hepatitis; Homocysteine; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Risk Factors; Silybin; Silymarin; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamins

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant that induces diverse biological and toxic effects, including reprogramming intermediate metabolism, mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. However, the specific reprogramming effects of TCDD are unclear. Here, we performed targeted LC-MS analysis of hepatic extracts from mice gavaged with TCDD. We detected an increase in S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, a conjugate from the spontaneous reaction between the cysteine sulfhydryl group and highly reactive acrylyl-CoA, an intermediate in the cobalamin (Cbl)-independent β-oxidation-like metabolism of propionyl-CoA. TCDD repressed genes in both the canonical Cbl-dependent carboxylase and the alternate Cbl-independent β-oxidation-like pathways as well as inhibited methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) at lower doses. Moreover, TCDD decreased serum Cbl levels and hepatic cobalt levels while eliciting negligible effects on gene expression associated with Cbl absorption, transport, trafficking, or derivatization to 5'-deoxy-adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), the required MUT cofactor. Additionally, TCDD induced the gene encoding aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1), the enzyme responsible for decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate, and dose-dependently increased itaconate levels in hepatic extracts. Our results indicate MUT inhibition is consistent with itaconate activation to itaconyl-CoA, a MUT suicide inactivator that forms an adduct with adenosylcobalamin. This adduct in turn inhibits MUT activity and reduces Cbl levels. Collectively, these results suggest the decrease in MUT activity is due to Cbl depletion following TCDD treatment, which redirects propionyl-CoA metabolism to the alternate Cbl-independent β-oxidation-like pathway. The resulting hepatic accumulation of acrylyl-CoA likely contributes to TCDD-elicited hepatotoxicity and the multihit progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.

Topics: Aconitic Acid; Acyl Coenzyme A; Animals; Cobalt; Cysteine; Environmental Pollutants; Fatty Liver; Humans; Liver; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase; Mice; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Succinates; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Micronutrient status of parents can affect long term health of their progeny. Around 2 billion humans are affected by chronic micronutrient deficiency. In this study we use zebrafish as a model system to examine morphological, molecular and epigenetic changes in mature offspring of parents that experienced a one-carbon (1-C) micronutrient deficiency. Zebrafish were fed a diet sufficient, or marginally deficient in 1-C nutrients (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, methionine, choline), and then mated. Offspring livers underwent histological examination, RNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Parental 1-C micronutrient deficiency resulted in increased lipid inclusion and we identified 686 differentially expressed genes in offspring liver, the majority of which were downregulated. Downregulated genes were enriched for functional categories related to sterol, steroid and lipid biosynthesis, as well as mitochondrial protein synthesis. Differential DNA methylation was found at 2869 CpG sites, enriched in promoter regions and permutation analyses confirmed the association with parental feed. Our data indicate that parental 1-C nutrient status can persist as locus specific DNA methylation marks in descendants and suggest an effect on lipid utilization and mitochondrial protein translation in F

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Gene Expression; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Micronutrients; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease, which includes a spectrum of hepatic pathology such as simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. The increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) may be associated with hepatic fat accumulation. Genetic mutations in the folate route may only mildly impair Hcy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between liver steatosis with plasma homocysteine level and MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with NAFLD.. Thirty-five patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy and forty-five healthy controls neither age nor sex matched were genotyped for C677T and A1298C MTHFR polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP and PCR-ASA, respectively, and Hcy was determined by HPLC. All patients were negative for markers of Wilson's, hemochromatosis and autoimmune diseases. Their daily alcohol intake was less than 100 g/week. A set of metabolic and serum lipid markers were also measured at the time of liver biopsies.. The plasma Hcy level was higher in NAFLD patients compared to the control group (p = 0.0341). No statistical difference for genotypes 677C/T (p = 0.110) and 1298A/C (p = 0.343) in patients with NAFLD and control subjects was observed. The genotypes distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (677C/T p = 0.694 and 1298 A/C p = 0.188). The group of patients and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) for BMI and HOMA_IR, similarly to HDL cholesterol levels (p < 0,006), AST, ALT, γGT, AP and triglycerides levels (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between levels of vitamin B12 and Hcy concentration (p = 0.005).. Our results indicate that plasma Hcy was higher in NAFLD than controls. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms did not differ significantly between groups, despite the 677TT homozygous frequency was higher in patients (17.14%) than in controls (677TT = 4.44%) (p > 0.05). The suggested genetic susceptibility to the MTHFR C677T and A1298C should be confirmed in large population based studies.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brazil; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Liver; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Mutation; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Polymorphism, Genetic; Triglycerides; Vitamin B 12

The aim of the study was the evaluation of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their association with the disease severity. Thirty patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 24 healthy controls matched for gender, age, body mass index and waist circumference were recruited. Blood samples for vitamin B12, folate, insulin and standard biochemical tests were obtained after overnight fasting. Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance was calculated. There was no difference in serum vitamin B12 and folate levels between groups. Neither vitamin B12 nor folate levels were significantly different within any histological category, including steatosis grade, fibrosis stage, lobular inflammation, portal inflammation and ballooning. In conclusion, similar vitamin B12 and folate levels were observed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver patients, and controls. Furthermore, vitamin B12 and folate levels were not associated with either insulin resistance or the severity of liver disease.

Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Vitamin B 12

Folate and cobalamin are methyl donors needed for the synthesis of methionine, which is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the substrate of methylation in epigenetic, and epigenomic pathways. Methyl donor deficiency produces liver steatosis and predisposes to metabolic syndrome. Whether impaired fatty acid oxidation contributes to this steatosis remains unknown.. We evaluated the consequences of methyl donor deficient diet in liver of pups from dams subjected to deficiency during gestation and lactation.. The deprived rats had microvesicular steatosis, with increased triglycerides, decreased methionine synthase activity, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. We observed no change in apoptosis markers, oxidant and reticulum stresses, and carnityl-palmitoyl transferase 1 activity, and a decreased expression of SREBP-1c. Impaired beta-oxidation of fatty acids and carnitine deficit were the predominant changes, with decreased free and total carnitines, increased C14:1/C16 acylcarnitine ratio, decrease of oxidation rate of palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine and decrease of expression of novel organic cation transporter 1, acylCoA-dehydrogenase and trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha and decreased activity of complexes I and II. These changes were related to lower protein expression of ER-α, ERR-α and HNF-4α, and hypomethylation of PGC-1α co-activator that reduced its binding with PPAR-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α.. The liver steatosis resulted predominantly from hypomethylation of PGC1-α, decreased binding with its partners and subsequent impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This link between methyl donor deficiency and epigenomic deregulations of energy metabolism opens new insights into the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, in particular, in relation to the fetal programming hypothesis.

Topics: Animals; Electron Transport; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Energy Metabolism; ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Fatty Acids; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; Liver; Methylation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Estrogen; RNA-Binding Proteins; Transcription Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Fats; Dietary Sucrose; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin B 12

A relationship between liver diseases and serum vitamin B12 levels was observed in previous reports. The purpose of this study was to determine if a similar relationship existed between vitamin B12 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common chronic liver disorder.. A total of 45 consecutive patients with NAFLD formed the NAFLD group, whereas 30 healthy controls (HC) formed the HC group. The subjects in all of the groups were of similar age and body mass index (BMI). A fatty liver is described in 3 ultrasonographic grades. Fasting blood samples were obtained, and serum vitamin B12 levels were measured. In addition, liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase, and folic acid and other serum parameters were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare the vitamin B12 levels and other serum parameters in both groups.. The mean ± SD age and BMI of the NAFLD were 47.2 ± 11.2 and 28.8 ± 3.5. The mean ± SD age and BMI of the HC were 47.1 ± 8.8 and 27.7 ± 2.9, respectively. The serum aspartate aminotransferase and ALT levels of the patients with NAFLD were statistically higher compared with those of the controls (P = 0.001). The levels of vitamin B12 and folate were statistically lower in the NAFLD patients compared with those of the controls (P < 0.05). We found that there was a reduction of vitamin B12 levels, especially in grade 2 to grade 3 hepatosteatosis. In addition, in the Spearman correlation analysis between the vitamin B12 levels and ALT, the grade of fatty liver and the liver dimension were found to have an important negative correlation.. The serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the patients with NAFLD than in those of the control group; however, these still remain in the reference range. Consequently, low vitamin B12 levels may be associated with NAFLD especially in grade 2 to grade 3 hepatosteatosis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Ultrasonography; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Cholestasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatty Liver; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Folate depletion and hyperhomocysteinemia increase the risk for hepatic alcoholic damage and promote oxidative stress in animals. In addition, some investigators have reported an inverse association between serum folate and body mass index and a positive correlation between total homocysteine and fat mass. We investigated whether there is an association between serum folate and total homocysteine concentrations with the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese subjects.. Forty-three obese (body mass index > or =35 kg/m2) patients who underwent bariatric surgery and hepatic biopsy were included. Serum total homocyteine, folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and hepatic enzymes were measured. Liver biopsies were graded for the presence of fat, inflammation, and fibrosis on a scale from 0 to 3. A total histologic score was calculated based on the sum of partial scores. Severe NAFLD was defined as a total score of at least 4 or severe steatosis (partial score for fat = 3).. Severe NAFLD was present in 17 patients. Serum folate concentration was significantly lower in obese patients with NAFLD than in those with normal liver or minimal alterations (9.3 +/- 3.5 versus 12.2 +/- 3.1 ng/mL, P = 0.005). Serum total homocysteine and vitamin B12 concentrations were similar in both groups. An inverse correlation between serum folate concentration and body mass index was observed (r = -0.31, P = 0.046).. In this study, severe NAFLD in obese subjects was associated with lower serum folate concentrations and serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 concentrations were not associated with liver damage in obese subjects.

Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bariatrics; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Obesity, Morbid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Fatty Liver; Humans; Obesity; Vitamin B 12

1. Addition of supplemental choline to a biotin-deficient diet decreased the biotin status of chicks and increased mortality from fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. Mortality was also increased by dietary supplementation with a mixture of other B-vitamins, excluding biotin, and was highest when the choline and B-vitamin supplements were combined. 3. The occurrence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) was unaffected by dietary biotin concentration. 4. A previously unreported condition was observed in which birds died showing post-mortem signs characteristic of both FLKS and SDS and whose occurrence was related to the biotin status of the chicks.

Topics: Animals; Biotin; Chickens; Choline; Death, Sudden; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Kidney Diseases; Male; Poultry Diseases; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Fatty Liver; Glutathione; Lipid Metabolism; Phospholipids; Rats; Triglycerides; Vitamin B 12; Zinc

The effect of vitamin B12 on the metabolic alterations due to tetracycline toxicity was studied experimentally on laboratory animals. Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with 120 or 250 mg tetracycline (i.p.) per kg per day for two or three days caused an accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides in the liver of 75% of animals studied, while phospholipid level tend to decrease. These doses are approximately twice and four times the recommended maximum dose for man. In the present work no direct relationship was observed between dose of tetracycline and hepatic accumulation of triglyceride, although livers of rats treated with 250 mg tetracycline/kg appeared uniformly pale yellow. Elevated serum triglyceride was found predominantly in rats treated with 120 mg/kg, while there was no obvious difference between serum triglyceride of rats treated with 250 mg tetracycline and control rats, indicating a block in the release of hepatic triglycerides. Where protection by vitamin B12 was studied, the vitamin was given i.m. (50 microgram/animal) 3 hours before the injection of 120 mg tetracycline per kg. There was a good evidence that lipid abnormalities caused by tetracycline improved by vitamin B12. Thus both hepatic and serum total lipid and triglycerides were significantly lower than those of rats treated with tetracycline, although hepatic total cholesterol was significantly increased as in case of tetracycline only.

Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Fatty Liver; Female; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Phospholipids; Rats; Tetracycline; Triglycerides; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Choline; Dehydrocholic Acid; Drug Combinations; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Orotic Acid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Vitamin B 12

Egg production, liver lipid, and liver hemorrhagic score were not significantly altered by diets that contained inositol (at 1 or 2 g./kg. diet) and fed ad libitum, or force-fed to S.C. White Leghorn hens to produce fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). FLHS was not prevented by lecithin, iodinated casein alone or with inositol. The vitamins B12, choline and E appeared to reduce FLHS and liver lipid in the one group tested. The dose-response relationship between feed intake, liver hemorrhagic score and liver lipid content was again demonstrated.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Caseins; Chickens; Choline; Eggs; Fatty Liver; Female; Hemorrhage; Inositol; Iodine; Lipids; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Oviposition; Phosphatidylcholines; Poultry Diseases; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Automation; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Ethanol; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mass Screening; Sex Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alcoholism; Color Perception Tests; Color Vision Defects; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Edible Grain; Fatty Liver; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Poultry Diseases; Selenium; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choline Deficiency; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Homocystine; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nutrition Disorders; Rats; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Aspergillus flavus; Chickens; Choline; Fatty Liver; Female; Inositol; Lipids; Liver; Poultry Diseases; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Cobalt; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Hemorrhage; Inositol; Lipids; Liver; Methionine; Poultry Diseases; Selenium; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Bone Marrow Cells; Cholesterol; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Liver; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Protein Deficiency; Radiography; Serum Albumin; Sprue, Tropical; Vitamin B 12; Xylose

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Chlortetracycline; Choline; Dietary Fats; Drug Combinations; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Inositol; Lipids; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Liver Extracts; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Autopsy; Biotin; DNA; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Pantothenic Acid; Phosphorus; Pyridoxine; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Employment; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Iron; Kinetics; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Portal System; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Anemia, Macrocytic; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Fatty Liver; Female; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Celiac Disease; Cell Nucleus; Cheek; Epithelium; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fatty Liver; Hepatectomy; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Phospholipids; Rats; Testosterone; Triglycerides; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Fatty Liver; Liver; Male; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Hepatitis A; Histidine; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasm; Diet; Erythrocyte Count; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Body Weight; Choline; Cystine; Diet; Fatty Liver; Growth; Homocystine; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Organ Size; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cholesterol; Choline; Dietary Proteins; Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Liver; Homocystine; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Liver; Male; Methionine; Phospholipids; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biliary Tract Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Health Resorts; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Autoradiography; Biopsy; Biotin; Blood Chemical Analysis; DNA; Drug Therapy; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Liver Cirrhosis; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Pantothenic Acid; Pyridoxine; Rats; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Tritium; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Acetoacetates; Animals; Fatty Liver; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Fatty Liver; Hydroxocobalamin; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Esterases; Ethionine; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Biological Assay; Biopsy; Biotin; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Pantothenic Acid; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Bile; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Glycogen; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Bone Marrow Examination; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Gastrectomy; Hemochromatosis; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Iron; Liver Cirrhosis; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Carbon Tetrachloride; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Corrinoids; Diet; Fatty Liver; Hydroxocobalamin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Corrinoids; Fatty Liver; Hematinics; Transaminases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Diet; DNA; Fatty Liver; Nucleic Acids; Rats; RNA; Thyroxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Choline; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Fatty Liver; Protein Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Fatty Liver; Ligation; Liver Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Corrinoids; Fatty Liver; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Liver Diseases; Rats; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Choline; Fatty Liver; Liver Diseases; Methionine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Animals; Choline; Diet; Fatty Liver; Lipotropic Agents; Liver Diseases; Methionine; Rats; Vitamin B 12; Zea mays