vitamin-b-12 and Peripheral-Nerve-Injuries

Traumatic injuries of the peripheral nerves are very common. Surgical repair of the damaged nerve is often complicated by scar tissue formation around the damaged nerve itself. The main objective of this study is to present the recent data from animal experimental studies where pharmacological topical agents are used at the site of peripheral nerve repair. Some of the most commonly topical agents used are tacrolimus (FK506), hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, and melatonin, whereas methylprednisolone and vitamin B12 have been used less. These studies have shown that the abovementioned substances have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties though different mechanisms. The successes of the regenerative process of the nerve repair in experimental research, using topical agents, can be evaluated using variety of methods such as morphological, electrophysiologic, and functional evaluation. However, most authors agree that despite good microsurgical repair and topical application of these substances, full regeneration and functional recovery of the nerve injured are almost never achieved.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Cutaneous; Antioxidants; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Immunosuppressive Agents; Melatonin; Microsurgery; Nerve Regeneration; Neural Conduction; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Tacrolimus; Vitamin B 12; Wound Healing

Mecobalamin is commonly used in the adjuvant intervention of various peripheral nerve injuries. Actin cytoskeleton plays a role in the regeneration of myelin and axon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of mecobalamin regulating actin cytoskeleton in repairing nerve injury. In this study, a crush injury on the right sciatic nerve of two groups of rats (12 in each group) was established. The control group was only given normal saline (i.g.), and the intervention group was given mecobalamin 1 mg/kg (i.g.). The rats were sacrificed on 28th day and the injured nerves were collected for proteomics. The result shows that regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway changed significantly. The expression of protein Vav1 was verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence. In the intervention group, the nerve fiber structure was complete, the axons were dense and symmetrical, and the myelin sheath was compact and uniform in thickness. The positive rate of myelin basic protein and βⅢ-tubulin was higher than that in the control group. The findings of the study show that mecobalamin regulates the actin cytoskeleton in the repair of nerve damage and upregulates Vav1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway.

Topics: Animals; Axons; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N. With variable levels of consumption, the 12 patients presented spinal cord and/or peripheral nerve damage, with mostly motor and ataxic symptoms, motor axonal nerve damage, and medullary T2-weighted hyperintensities on MRI. There was a clear improvement in symptoms after vitamin B12 substitution, although some sequelae remained, particularly sensory.. We report detailed clinical, electrophysiological, radiological, and biological consequences of N

Topics: Communicable Disease Control; COVID-19; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Pandemics; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin B 12

To evaluate the functional and histopathological results of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin B12 on an experimental rat model of peripheral nerve injury.. This research included 32 Wistar Hannover rats. The sciatic nerves of the animals were crushed using an aneurysm clamp. The rats were divided into 4 groups, as group 0 (the controls; no treatment), and groups B12, E, and B12+E, respectively. The rats were analyzed functionally, using the sciatic functional index (SFI), and histopathologically.. In the functional analysis, it was determined that vitamin E was as influential as B12. Concomitant use of these 2 vitamins was found to be more beneficial. The SFI was significantly higher in the B12+E group when compared with that of the B12 group, which indicated that vitamin E improved the healing effects of vitamin B12. In the histopathological evaluation, vitamin E was not effective in the treatment of axonal degeneration (AxD) or edema/inflammation (EI) by itself. Although vitamin B12 was effective in the treatment of EI, it was ineffective in the treatment of AxD. However, the combination of these vitamins decreased both AxD and EI, which showed that the additive effects of these vitamins could reverse neurological injury when used together.. Vitamins B12 and E were effective in the functional recovery of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Neither vitamin B12 nor E was effective in the treatment AxD; however, their combination was effective in the treatment of AxD. The results suggested that vitamin E was effective in the treatment of PNI, especially when combined with vitamin B12. It is our belief that the combination of these vitamins could be used in the treatment of PNI, especially after future studies have been conducted on humans.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

For peripheral nerve defects, autografting is considered the therapeutic gold-standard treatment. However, this procedure leads to donor-site morbidity. While various artificial conduits have been recently developed, treatment outcome has been demonstrated to be poorer than that with autograft. In our previous study using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model, we demonstrated that the delivery of electrospun nanofiber sheets incorporating methylcobalamin (MeCbl sheet) to the local site of a peripheral nerve injury promoted peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we examined the effects of combination therapy using an MeCbl sheet and a polyglycolic acid tube filled with collagen sponge (PGA-c) in a rat model of a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect.. The rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham group (n = 10); (2) PGA-c group (n = 9), in which the gap was bridged using a PGA-c; (3) PGA-c/Sheet group (n = 8), in which the gap was bridged using a PGA-c wrapped in an MeCbl sheet; and (4) autograft group (n = 10), in which the gap was bridged using a reversed autograft. Motor and sensory function were evaluated, electrophysiological analysis was performed, and histomorphological findings were analyzed at 12 weeks postoperatively.. Compared with the PGA-c group, the PGA-c/Sheet group demonstrated significant improvements in the paw-withdrawal threshold expressed as a ratio relative to the contralateral side (mean difference [MD], -1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.64 to -0.38), terminal latency (MD, -0.86 ms; 95% CI, -1.56 to -0.16 ms), myelinated axon area (MD, 4.97%; 95% CI, 0.14% to 9.80%), proportion of myelinated axons (MD, 8.453%; 95% CI, 0.001% to 16.905%), and g-ratio (MD, -0.018; 95% CI, -0.035 to -0.001). No significant improvements were observed regarding motor function, electrophysiological findings with the exception of terminal latency, and axon numbers.. An MeCbl sheet in combination with a PGA-c significantly accelerated recovery with respect to sensory function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry.. An MeCbl sheet may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for promoting regeneration across a nerve gap bridged with an artificial conduit.

Topics: Absorbable Implants; Animals; Axons; Collagen; Disease Models, Animal; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Male; Motor Activity; Nanofibers; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Polyglycolic Acid; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12

The feasible fabrication of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with good biological performance is important for translation in clinics. In this study, poly(d,l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) films loaded with various amounts (wt; 5%, 15%, 25%) of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) are prepared, and are further rolled and sutured to obtain MeCbl-loaded NGCs. The MeCbl can be released in a sustainable manner up to 21 days. The proliferation and elongation of Schwann cells, and the proliferation of Neuro2a cells are enhanced on these MeCbl-loaded films. The MeCbl-loaded NGCs are implanted into rats to induce the regeneration of 10 mm amputated sciatic nerve defects, showing the ability to facilitate the recovery of motor and sensory function, and to promote myelination in peripheral nerve regeneration. In particular, the 15% MeCbl-loaded PLCL conduit exhibits the most satisfactory recovery of sciatic nerves in rats with the largest diameter and thickest myelinated fibers.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cells, Immobilized; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Polyesters; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schwann Cells; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a frequent problem among young adults. Hopefully, regeneration can occur in PNI unlike central nervous system. If nerve cut is complete, gold standard treatment is surgery, but incomplete cuts have been tried to be treated by medicines. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and histopathological outcomes of independent treatment of each of Vitamin B12 (B12) and Vitamin D3 (D3) and their combination on sciatic nerve injury in an experimental rat model.. Experimental animal study was performed after the approval of BEH Ethics Committee No. 2015/10. 32 rats were grouped into four (n=8) according to treatment procedures, such as Group 1 (controls with no treatment), Group 2 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12), Group 3 (oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3), Group 4 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12+ oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3). Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and histopathological analysis were performed.. SFIs of Group 2, 3, 4 were statistically significantly higher than controls. Group 2 and 3 were statistically not different, however Group 4 was statistically significantly higher than others according to SFI. Axonal degeneration (AD) in all treatment groups were statistically significantly lower than in Group 1. AD in Group 4 was significantly lower than in Group 2 and 3; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and 3. There was no significant difference between Group 1,2 and 3 in Axonolysis (A). But A of Group 4 was significantly very much lower than all others. Oedema- inflammation (OE-I) in all treatment groups were significantly lower than in Group 1; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and group 4. OE-I in Group 2 and 4 were significantly lower than in Group 3. There were no significant differences between Group 1, 2 and 3 in damage level scores; score of Group 4 was significantly lower than of Group 1.. B12 and D3 were found effective with no statistically significant difference. But combined use of B12 and D3 improve nerve healing synergistically. We recommend combined use of B12 and D3 after PNI as soon as possible.. A perifériás idegsérülés (PNI) gyakori probléma fiatal felnőttek körében. Reménykeltő, hogy a központi idegrendszeri sérülésekkel ellentétben, PNI esetén lehetséges a regeneráció. Teljes idegszakadás esetén sebészi kezelés az aranystandard, részleges PNI esetén gyógy­szeres kezeléssel is érdemes próbálkozni. A vizsgálat célja a B12- és a D3-vitaminnal, illetve kombinációjukkal történő kezelés klinikai és hisztopatológiai eredményének értékelése és összehasonlítása volt kísérleti állatmodell (patkány) csípőidegének sérülése esetén.. Az etikai engedély (No. 2015/10) megszerzése után 32 kísérleti állatot osztottunk be a protokoll szerinti négy csoportba: a kontrollként szolgáló 1. csoport nem részesült kezelésben, a 2. csoport B12-vitamin-kezelésben (1 mg/ttkg/nap intraperitoneali­san), a 3. csoport D3-vitamin-kezelésben (3500 NE/ttkg/hét orálisan), míg a 4. csoport kombinált B12- és D3-vitamin-kezelésben (B12: 1 mg/ttkg/nap intraperitonealisan, D3: 3500 NE/ttkg/hét orálisan) részesült. Mértük a csípő­ideg funkcionális index pontszámot (Sciatic Functional Index, SFI), illetve hisztopatológiai értékelést végeztünk.. Az 1. csoport SFI-értékével összehasonlítva a 2., 3. és 4. csoport SFI-pontszáma szignifikánsan magasabb volt. A 2. és 3. csoport SFI-értékei nem különböztek, a 4. csoporté ezekhez képest szignifikánsan magasabb volt. Az axondegeneráció (AD) mértéke valamennyi kezelt csoport esetében szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt, mint az 1. csoportnál. A 4. csoport AD-értéke szignifikánsan ala­csonyabb volt, mint a 2. és 3. csoporté. A 2. és 3. csoport AD-értékei nem különböztek. Az axonolysis (A) mértékében az 1., 2. és 3. csoport esetében nem volt szignifikáns kü­lönbség; velük összehasonlítva, a 4. csoport esetében szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt az axonolysis. Valamennyi kezelt csoport esetében szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt az oedema-gyulladás (OE-I) mértéke, mint az 1. csoportnál. A 2. és a 4. csoport között az OE-I nem különbözött szignifikánsan, a 2. és 4. csoport OE-I-értékei szignifikánsan alacsonyabbak voltak, mint a 3. csoporté. A sérülés mérté­két tekintve (damage level score) nem volt szignifikáns kü­lönb­ség az 1., 2. és 3. csoport között; a 4. csoport eseté­ben a sérülés mértéke szignifikánsan alacso­nyabb volt, mint az 1. csoport esetén.. A B12- és a D3-vitamin hatása között nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. A B12- és a D3-vitamin ideggyógyulást elősegítő hatása együttes alkal­mazás esetén szinergikusan érvényesül, ezért PNI után minél előbbi kombinált alkalmazásukat javasoljuk.

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12; Young Adult

To observe whether Graphene oxide (GO) can absorb vitamin B12 (VB12) and Decellularized scaffold - acellular nerve allograft (ANA) modified GO-VB12 promote the repair of ischiadic nervus defects in a rat model.. The adsorption of GO on vitamin and the optimum adsorption conditions were investigated by single factor experiment. The adsorption properties of the material were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) to determine the success of adsorption on VB12. GO-VB12-ANA was prepared by vibration mixing method and bridged to injured ischiadic nervus. The nerve action potential, wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle and the expression of GAP-43 were investigated by contrast test to detect its effect on nerve regeneration.. The optimized adsorption conditions for GO on VB12 solution were listed as follows: adsorbent dosage was 6 mg, shaking time was 70 min, the pH value was 6, the optimum concentration of VB12 was 50 mg/L and the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity was 21.51 mg/g. The nerve action potential, wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle and the expression of GAP-43 in nerve fiber of GO-VB12-ANA group were close to the normal values and significantly higher than those of ANA and rotation group.. Based on the adsorption function of GO on VB12, GO-VB12-ANA can promote regeneration of injured ischiadic nervus, providing the experimental basis for the clinical application of nanomaterials.

Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Female; Graphite; Male; Materials Testing; Muscle, Skeletal; Nanostructures; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peripheral Nerves; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Scaffolds; Transplantation, Homologous; Vitamin B 12

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the major pharmacological constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) for the therapeutic purpose of preventing ischemic injury and treating cerebrovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of Tan IIA in sciatic nerve transection injury. We investigated the possible beneficial effects of Tan IIA in promoting nerve regeneration after nerve transection injury in rats. Nerve transection injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by left sciatic nerve transection. After neuroanastomosis, the rats were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with 6mg/kg, 15mg/kg, or 40mg/kg Tan IIA once daily for 12 weeks; the vehicle and positive control groups were injected with normal saline and mecobalamin (MeCbl, 100μg/kg), respectively. Axonal regeneration and functional recovery were evaluated by a range of morphological and functional measures 12 weeks after neuroanastomosis. The administration of 15mg/kg and 40mg/kg Tan IIA and MeCbl achieved better axonal regeneration with significant restoration of motor function as well as a marked decrease in Fluoro-Gold (FG)-labeled neurons and increased nerve regeneration. At 12 weeks post-surgery, 40mg/kg Tan IIA showed a better neuroprotective effect than 15mg/kg Tan IIA and MeCbl. There were no statistical differences between the 15mg/kg Tan IIA and MeCbl groups or the control and 6mg/kg Tan IIA groups. Our findings demonstrate that Tan IIA can alleviate nerve injury and promote nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection model in rats, providing supportive evidence for Tan IIA as an effective potential therapeutic remedy for peripheral nerve injury.

Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Neuroprotective Agents; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Recovery of Function; Sciatic Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Vitamin B12 and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are known to promote functional and morphological recovery after peripheral nerve injury.. To compare the regenerative and neuroprotective effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment after sciatic nerve injury.. A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to control (sciatic nerve exposure without injury or anastomosis), sham (sciatic nerve injury and epineural anastomosis were performed but no treatment was administered), PS (isotonic saline was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), ALA (2 mg/kg ALA was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), and vitamin B12 groups (2 mg/kg cyanocobalamin was administered for 12 weeks after surgery). Functional recovery was determined by footprint analysis, in vivo neurophysiology, and ex vivo histopathological examination.. ALA treatment produced significant improvements in sciatic functional index values and non-significant improvements on electroneuromyography compared to vitamin B12 treatment. Upon histopathological examination, the regenerative effects of ALA were relevant to axonal structural recovery whereas vitamin B12 produced greater improvements in edema and myelination.. While both vitamin B12 and ALA produced improvements after sciatic nerve injury, ALA was more functionally effective. The unique ultrastructural effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment should be considered in future studies.

Topics: Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function; Sciatic Nerve; Sciatica; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Peripheral nerve injury is one of common traumas. Although injured peripheral nerves have the capacity to regenerate, axon regeneration proceeds slowly and functional outcomes are often poor. Pharmacological enhancement of regeneration can play an important role in increasing functional recovery. In this study, we developed a novel electrospun nanofiber sheet incorporating methylcobalamin (MeCbl), one of the active forms of vitamin B12 homologues, to deliver it enough locally to the peripheral nerve injury site. We evaluated whether local administration of MeCbl at the nerve injury site was effective in promoting nerve regeneration. Electrospun nanofiber sheets gradually released MeCbl for at least 8weeks when tested in vitro. There was no adverse effect of nanofiber sheets on function in vivo of the peripheral nervous system. Local implantation of nanofiber sheets incorporating MeCbl contributed to the recovery of the motor and sensory function, the recovery of nerve conduction velocity, and the promotion of myelination after sciatic nerve injury, without affecting plasma concentration of MeCbl.. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is a vitamin B12 analog and we previously reported its effectiveness in axonal outgrowth of neurons and differentiation of Schwann cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here we estimated the effect of local administered MeCbl with an electrospun nanofiber sheet on peripheral nerve injury. Local administration of MeCbl promoted functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. These sheets are useful for nerve injury in continuity differently from artificial nerve conduits, which are useful only for nerve defects. We believe that the findings of this study are relevant to the scope of your journal and will be of interest to its readership.

Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Diffusion; Drug Implants; Electroplating; Equipment Design; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Male; Membranes, Artificial; Nanocapsules; Nanofibers; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rotation; Tissue Scaffolds; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12

To observe the effects of mecobalamin on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, in neurons after peripheral nerve injury, and to explore the role of neuron apoptosis in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.. Thirty healthy adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, and mecobalamin group, with 10 rats in each group. A rat model of left sciatic nerve semi-injury was established using forceps. Rats in the mecobalamin group were fed mecobalamin, while rats in the sham-operation group and model group were given the same dose of normal saline. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in neurons was measured at 14 days after operation. A semi-quantitative analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was performed by image analysis technology.. The model group had significantly increased Bax protein expression and significantly reduced Bcl-2 protein expression in spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons and ganglion sensory neurons compared with the sham-operation group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group and sham-operation group, the mecobalamin group had significantly reduced Bax protein expression and significantly increased Bcl-2 protein expression in spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons and ganglion sensory neurons (P<0.05).. Mecobalamin has anti-apoptotic effect, and it contributes to neurological function recovery possibly by inhibiting the death of injured neurons.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Male; Neurons; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Vitamin B 12

Using ulnar nerve as donor and musculocutaneous nerve as recipient we found earlier that end-to-side neurorrhaphy resulted in weak functional reinnervation after lengthy survival. End-to-side neurorrhaphy however is the sole choice of nerve repair at times and has the advantage of conserving donor nerve function. Here, we investigated whether myelination-enhancing agent methylcobalamin and motoneuron trophic factor pleiotrophin enhances the recovery after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Methylcobalamin significantly increased the expression of growth associated protein 43 and S100 protein and βIII tubulin in musculocutaneous nerve 1 month after neurorrhaphy suggesting the ingrowth of ulnar axonal sprouts in reactive Schwann cell environment. Upper limb functional test, compound muscle action potential measurements, motor end plate counts, and axon and myelin analyses showed that methylcobalamin treatment alone or with pleiotrophin improved the recovery significantly, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. There were fewer axons, closer in number to that of the intact recipient nerve, found in the distal repaired nerve of the methylcobalamin-treated than that of the vehicle control, suggesting that methylcobalamin facilitates axonal maturation and eliminates supernumerary sprouts. In conclusion, our results showed that methylcobalamin does indeed enhance the recovery of peripheral nerve repaired in end-to-side configuration.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Axons; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Cytokines; GAP-43 Protein; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculocutaneous Nerve; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Rats, Wistar; S100 Proteins; Tubulin; Ulnar Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Diseases; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Joint Diseases; Neuralgia; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Phospholipids; Sciatica; Vitamin B 12