vitamin-b-12 and Magnesium-Deficiency

The use of vitamin D to reduce the severity of COVID-19 complications is receiving considerable attention, backed by encouraging data. Its purported mode of action is as an immune modulator. Vitamin D, however, also affects the metabolism of phosphate and Mg, which may well play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 may induce a cytokine storm that drains ATP whose regeneration requires phosphate and Mg. These minerals, however, are often deficient in conditions that predispose people to severe COVID-19, including older age (especially males), diabetes, obesity, and usage of diuretics. Symptoms observed in severe COVID-19 also fit well with those seen in classical hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia, such as thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, dysfunction of liver and kidneys, neurologic disturbances, immunodeficiency, failure of heart and lungs, delayed weaning from a respirator, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, and, finally, multiorgan failure. Deficiencies of phosphate and Mg can be amplified by kidney problems commonly observed in patients with COVID-19 resulting in their wastage into urine. Available data show that phosphate and Mg are deficient in COVID-19, with phosphate showing a remarkable correlation with its severity. In one experiment, patients with COVID-19 were supplemented with a cocktail of vitamin D

Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Calcium; Cheilitis; Diet; Dietary Fats; Gangrene; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Iron; Leukocyte Count; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Oligosaccharides; Pain; Prothrombin Time; Tetany; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Deficiency Diseases; Iron; Lice Infestations; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Pneumonia; Seizures; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Employment; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Blood; Calcium; Electrolytes; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Magnesium Deficiency; Postoperative Care; Potassium Deficiency; Prognosis; Proteins; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex