vitamin-b-12 and Sleep-Wake-Disorders

Topics: Body Temperature; Chronobiology Disorders; Chronotherapy; Humans; Jet Lag Syndrome; Melatonin; Phototherapy; Prevalence; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders which may result from dysfunction of biological clock have recently been noticed and the number of patients suffering from these types of sleep disorders have been increased. In this article, clinical features, pathophysiological aspects, diagnoses and treatments for advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS) and delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) are described. Although the pathophysiology or the etiology of ASPS and DSPS have not definitely been elucidated, the evidence that the chronobiological treatments sometimes improve patients with these disorders confirms the possibility that circadian rhythm sleep disorders are caused by dysfunction of biological clock. Further studies based on chronobiology or molecular biology are necessary to clarify the pathophysiology or the etiology of ASPS and DSPS and to develop the treatments against these circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chronotherapy; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Melatonin; Phototherapy; Polysomnography; Sleep Wake Disorders; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

The sleep-wake cycle in non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome is longer than 24 hours. Patients go to bed a little bit later each day and then can not fall asleep and wake up at the usual time. The same sleep patterns and free running rhythms in healthy subjects have been seen in temporal isolation. The mechanism of this syndrome has not been clarified, but several factors have been proposed as follows: 1) the weakness of Zeitgeber 2) decrease of sensitivity to Zeitgeber 3) the period of the circadian system is much longer than 24 hours. Vitamin B12 and melatonin were reported to be effective in treating this syndrome.

Topics: Chronotherapy; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Melatonin; Phototherapy; Sleep Wake Disorders; Syndrome; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common worldwide and has been associated with poor sleep. The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on sleep in infants is not known.. To measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 for one year on sleep in infants at risk of deficiency.. This was an individually randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 600 infants in low-to middle-income neighborhoods in Bhaktapur, Nepal of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 for one year. Infants were included if they were 6-11 month year-old and with a length-for-age less than one z-score. Sleep was a predefined, secondary outcome, and was measured by actigraphy including sleep duration at night and total sleep duration (day and night), sleep onset latency (SOL), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). The effect of vitamin B12 on sleep was additionally assessed in predefined subgroups defined by stunting, underweight, vitamin B12 status, low birthweight, anemia and exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months.. There was no effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on sleep duration at night, total sleep duration, or WASO. There was a small significant negative effect for SOL. None of the included subgroup analyses revealed effect modification on any of the sleep outcomes.. Overall, vitamin B12 supplementation did not have an effect on sleep in infants or for high-risk subgroups, with the exception of a small negative effect for SOL. The present study does not support vitamin B12 supplementation to improve sleep in infants.. clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02272842.. U1111-1161-5187.

Topics: Actigraphy; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Infant; Male; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The therapeutic effect of methylcobalamin (Met-12) on sleep-wake rhythm disorders was examined in a double-blind test. In the test group which was given a large dosage, a higher percentage of improvement was found compared to the control group with a small dosage, although the difference was not significant. The test group inconsistently showed significant improvement in both the sleep-wake cycle parameters and in clinical symptoms. The tendency was for the results to show a beneficial effect of Met-12 on rhythm disorders. However, because the percentage of improvement was low and significant improvement was inconsistent, Met-12 might be considered to have a low therapeutic potency and possible use as a booster for other treatment methods of the disorders.

Topics: Affect; Arousal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

The active form of vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) has been reported to be effective on sleep-wake rhythm disorders. Previous studies, however, were performed under open trial, and the effect of vitamin B12 has not been properly evaluated. The aim of this double-blind study was to investigate the efficacy of methylcobalamin on delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Methylcobalamin (3 mg/day) or placebo was administered for 4 weeks. The subjects were 50 patients with DSPS aged 13-55 years (26.8 +/- 1.3), 27 of whom received the active drug while 23 received the placebo. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in subjective evaluations of mood or drowsiness during the daytime or in night sleep by sleep-log evaluation. These results indicate that 3 mg methylcobalamin administered over 4 weeks is not an effective treatment for DSPS.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

One hundred and six subjects with primary sleep-wake rhythm disorders [13 non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome (non-24), 76 delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), 11 irregular sleep-wake pattern (irregular) and six long sleepers] were treated with vitamin B12, bright light, chronotherapy and/or hypnotics. These therapies caused moderate or remarkable improvement in 32% of the non-24, 42% of DSPS, 45% of irregular and 67% of long sleepers. A lack of adequate sleep, unpleasant feelings at waking and daytime drowsiness were also improved in DSPS.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Periodicity; Phototherapy; Sleep Wake Disorders; Triazolam; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

Topics: Adult; Body Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Phototherapy; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Phototherapy; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Melatonin; Phototherapy; Polysomnography; Psychiatry; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

The clinical data of 86 cases of primary circadian rhythm sleep disorder (primary CRSD) were retrospectively examined and compared to 40 cases of secondary circadian rhythm sleep disorder (secondary CRSD), who had presented with some kind of psychiatric or medical disorder, and had exhibited sleep-wake rhythm disorders that were judged to be secondary CRSD based on sleep logs. The comparison of cases found that: (i) the mean age at first presentation to the clinic was significantly younger for primary CRSD compared to secondary CRSD; (ii) more secondary CRSD cases were unemployed than were Primary CRSD cases; (iii) more cases in the secondary CRSD group had a clear trigger for sleep-wake rhythm disorder onset than cases in the primary CRSD group; and (iv) the types of sleep-wake rhythm disorders in the primary CRSD group consisted of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), 72 (83.7%), non-24 pattern, 11 (12.8%), and irregular, 3 (3.5%). In the secondary CRSD group there were 25 (62.5%) cases of DSPS pattern, 1 (2.5%) of non-24 pattern and 14 (35.0%) with irregular pattern. The 56 (65.1%) cases with primary CRSD showed good response to vitamin B12 and bright light therapy; however, 28 (70.0%) cases with secondary CRSD did not respond to such therapies.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Light; Male; Mental Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Sleep Wake Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm are circadian rhythm sleep disorders that are common in adolescents. Most patients have difficulty adjusting to school life, poor class attendance or refuse to go to school. Since a treatment has not been established, the present paper is presented to propose a strategy for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders in adolescents, based on our clinical studies. Twenty subjects (12 males and eight females, mean age 16.2+/-1.7 years) participated in the study. The onset of sleep disorder occurred between the ages of 11 and 17. The most common factors affecting the onset of disorders were changes in social environment. The subjects kept a sleep-log for the periods before and during treatments. The treatments were based on chronobiology: resetting the daily life schedule, chronotherapy, regulation of the lighting environment, methylcobalamin, and/or melatonin. Bright light exposure was successful in 10 patients, of whom four were treated with methylcobalamin. Melatonin treatment was successful in two patients (one with and one without chronotherapy). Thirteen of the 20 patients were successfully, treated with therapies based on chronobiology. After consideration of these results, a step-by-step procedure of combined treatments for the circadian rhythm sleep disorders is proposed.

Topics: Absenteeism; Adolescent; Chronotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Melatonin; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Phototherapy; Sleep Wake Disorders; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Work Schedule Tolerance

Therapeutic trials for sleep-wake schedule disorders have been described, but a long-term follow-up of adolescents with such disorders have not previously been reported. We investigated 10 adolescents with sleep-wake schedule disorders who had formerly received intensive treatment. The investigation was carried out with detailed questionnaires about current sleep conditions and social state. The follow-ups were obtained from 1.2 to 11.2 years after the initial treatment. Three cases have remitted, and six have improved in illness severity. All patients showed improvement in social adaptation. Improvement in the social adaptation level was greater than improvement in the illness severity level. More cases should be studied to learn what factors influence the prognosis of these disorders.

Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Circadian Rhythm; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Phototherapy; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Triazolam; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Male; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Phototherapy; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Social Environment; Vitamin B 12

1. Patients with disorders of entrainment to external time cues such as delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome (HNS) were treated with non-pharmacological interventions and/or pharmacological agents. 2. Resetting the circadian clock with chronotherapy was easy in all DSPS patients, but it was not as easy to maintain the reset rhythm without additional therapy. Triazolam was effective in treating the phase delay that reappeared after chronotherapy. 3. Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) was strikingly effective in some patients with DSPS or HNS. 4. All the adolescent patients who complained of inability to attend school finally returned to their classes after treatment. Maintaining the reset rhythm in adolescent patients was easier than in adults.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Amides; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Methylphenidate; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Triazolam; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phototherapy; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Male; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

Topics: Adolescent; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Male; Phototherapy; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Triazolam; Vitamin B 12; Wakefulness

Vitamin B12 (VB12) was administered to two patients suffering for many years from different sleep-wake rhythm disorders. One patient was a 15-year-old blind girl suffering from a free-running sleep-wake rhythm (hypernychthemeral syndrome) with a period of about 25 h. In spite of repeated trials to entrain her sleep-wake cycle to the environmental 24-h rhythm, her free-running rhythm persisted for about 13 years. When she was 14 years old, administration of VB12 per os was started at the daily dose of 1.5 mg t.i.d. Shortly thereafter, her sleep-wake rhythm was entrained to the environmental 24-h rhythm, and her 24-h sleep-wake rhythm was maintained while she was on the medication. Within 2 months of the withholding of VB12, her free-running sleep-wake rhythm reappeared. The VB12 level in the serum was within the normal range both before and after treatment. The other patient was a 55-year-old man suffering from delayed sleep phase syndrome since 18 years of age. After administration of VB12 at the daily doses of 1.5 mg, his sleep-wake rhythm disorder was improved. The good therapeutic effect lasted for more than 6 months while he was on the medication.

Topics: Adolescent; Circadian Rhythm; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Melatonin; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin B 12

The authors report a case in which a non-24-h (hypernychthemeral) sleep-wake cycle appeared as a late complication of a more fundamental disturbance in the quality of sleep (difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nonrefreshing sleep). The sleep disturbance began abruptly after a series of stressful events. The patient reported that he extended his hours of bedrest in the morning in order to increase his total sleep time and feel mor rested, and that he gradually extended his hours of activity in the late evening in order to increase his drowsiness and ability to fall asleep. At first this behavior, which was a deliberate attempt to compensate for inefficient nighttime sleep, led to a delayed sleep period, as also occurs in the delayed sleep phase syndrome. After several years in which sleep efficiency progressively deteriorated, this behavior led to a non-24-h free-running sleep-wake cycle. After the patient was treated with thyroxine for borderline hypothyroidism, and then flurazepam and finally vitamin B12, his sleep disturbance progressively improved and his sleep-wake cycle shortened. After B12 treatment he was able to advance the timing of ;his sleep period for the first time in nearly 10 years and to follow a normal 24-h sleep-wake regimen.

Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Flurazepam; Humans; Male; Periodicity; Sleep Wake Disorders; Thyroxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Concussion; Child; Headache; Humans; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Pyridoxine; Sleep Wake Disorders; Uracil Nucleotides; Vertigo; Vitamin B 12