vitamin-b-12 and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

The role of the metals, iron and copper, and the vitamins E, folic acid, and B12 in the genesis of nutritional anemias in infancy have been reviewed. All are preventable. The precise requirements for each of these trace elements and vitamins in the small premature infant remain to be defined. The nonhematologic consequences of these nutritional deficiencies require further study. Anemia may prove to be the least important manifestation of the deficiency states.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Child; Child, Preschool; Copper; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Iron; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency

Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nervous System Malformations; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nervous System Malformations; Spasm; Spasms, Infantile; Vitamin B 12

Iron (Fe) status of neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses might be compromised as a consequence of the high prevalence of maternal Fe deficiency and anemia coupled with an increased risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to characterize and identify determinants of anemia in this neonatal population.. Umbilical cord blood obtained from 183 neonates was utilized to assess hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, serum Fe, erythropoietin, folate, vitamin B-12, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Associations with maternal Fe status were explored.. Cord Hb or SF did not change significantly as a function of gestational age at birth (25-38 wks). Neonates born to women who were obese prior to pregnancy or smoked cigarettes during pregnancy had a 4-5-fold greater odds of anemia at birth. Cord sTfR was the strongest indicator of cord Hb (P < 0.0001), and it was significantly associated with maternal sTfR at mid-gestation (P = 0.01) and delivery (P = 0.002). Cord Fe indicators were significantly associated with cord hepcidin, but not maternal hepcidin.. Screening for Fe status in neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses is warranted, especially for those born to smokers or to women who are obese at entry into pregnancy.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; C-Reactive Protein; Cohort Studies; Erythropoietin; Female; Ferritins; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Hepcidins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Interleukin-6; Iron; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Multiple; Premature Birth; Receptors, Transferrin; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; Vitamin B 12; Young Adult

Cobalamin metabolism has been investigated in a new case of transcobalamin II (TC II) deficiency. Using the chromatobioautographic technique, an abnormal distribution of cobalamins was detected in the child's erythrocytes and reduced synthesis of adenosylcobalamin but not of methylcobalamin in cultured fibroblasts. These results suggest that there may be a close link between TC II-mediated cobalamin transport and intracellular synthesis of adenosylcobalamin (Ado-Cbl).

Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Biological Transport; Blood Proteins; Cobamides; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Seven children who had undergone ileal resection of varying lengths as neonates were studied to determine later gastrointestinal function with specific emphasis on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Fecal homogenate and aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations and serum bile acids were analyzed. Cholic acid kinetics were measured by the isotopic dilution technique, with multiple duodenal bile samples obtained within 48 hr after intravenous 14C--cholic acid. As compared to those of age-matched controls, significantly increased fecal homogenate bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.05) and fecal aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.01) were present. Fasting and postcibal serum bile acid concentrations were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). Increased FTRs for cholic acid (p less than 0.001) were present in children with resection. The FTR correlated significantly with resection length (p = 0.012). Fasting pool sizes of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid measured after an overnight fast were variable. Three children had significantly reduced cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pools, and one had a reduction in the cholic acid pool only. The cholic acid pool size correlated directly with the postprandial rise in serum CG concentration (p = 0.003). The fecal coefficient of fat excretion and fecal weights were only moderately increased. Although rapid turnover of bile acids was present following neonatal ileal resection, efficient compensatory mechanisms during infancy and childhood allowed adequate intraluminal bile salt concentrations for normal fat solubilization throughout the day and resultant mild steatorrhea and diarrhea in our study patients.

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Cholic Acids; Digestive System; Enterohepatic Circulation; Feces; Female; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Ileum; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Vitamin B 12

Cultured fibroblasts from a patient with methylmalonic acidemia, clinically responsive to vitamin B-12, were studied in vitro. Kinetic analysis revealed abnormal binding of the coenzyme, 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, for its methylmalonyl-CoA carbonylmutase apoenzyme, i.e., KM of 3.8 X 10(-5) M versus control KM of 1.5 X 10(-8) M. These data are interpreted as indicating a structural defect of the apoenzyme at the coenzyme binding site, and represent another variant of this genetic disorder.

Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Cells, Cultured; Coenzymes; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Isomerases; Kinetics; Malonates; Methylmalonic Acid; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase; Protein Binding; Skin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Vitamin B 12

The Author first of all outlines the advantages which in vitro radioimmunological techniques offer at the pediatric age level and particularly for newborn babies, in relation to the minimal amount of blood necessary for this type of examination and the fact that exposure of babies to ionizing radiation is avoided. He subsequently reports on what can already be achieved using these methods in the field of functional diagnostics at the pediatric age level, especially in the field of endocrinology. Then he indicates the areas which appear to be most promising for exploration, among them the use of in vitro radioimmunological techniques on the blood of the umbilical cord, on the amniotic fluid, and lastly in monitoring the plasmatic kinetics of drugs especially at the pediatric age level.

Topics: Age Factors; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Iron; Luteinizing Hormone; Radioimmunoassay; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Alpha-Globulins; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Beta-Globulins; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Consanguinity; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Male; Neutrophils; Pedigree; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Acidosis; Awards and Prizes; Child; Coenzymes; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Isomerases; Lactates; Malonates; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methane; Pregnancy; Propionates; Pyruvates; Succinates; Valerates; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Ileum; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Prognosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Child; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Ileum; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Biological Transport; Blood Protein Disorders; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cobalt Isotopes; Electrophoresis, Disc; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Genes, Recessive; Hematocrit; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pedigree; Protein Binding; Remission, Spontaneous; Reticulocytes; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acidosis; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Brain; Chromatography, Paper; Fibroblasts; Homocystine; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Isomerases; Kidney; Liver; Male; Malonates; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methionine; Transferases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methionine; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Physical Therapy Modalities; Speech Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mandelic Acids; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Female; Folic Acid; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Osteomalacia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Pyridoxine; Rats; Scurvy; Seizures; Skull; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Amylases; Body Weight; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Lipase; Nutrition Disorders; Pancreatic Juice; Trypsin; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anorexia Nervosa; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Celiac Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sprue, Tropical; United Kingdom; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamins; Vomiting

Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Diarrhea; Dietary Fats; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Iron; Prothrombin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin K