vitamin-b-12 and Leukemia

Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Antiviral Agents; Child; Ear Diseases; Electromyography; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Hypertension; Leukemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasms; Neurophysiology; Radionuclide Imaging; Steroids; Virus Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Myelo-cytotoxicity of extended nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation was described almost forty years ago and then incidentally applied already with temporary success for suppressing leukemia. In 1948 the accompanying megaloblastic maturation arrest was explained by inactivation of the methylcobalamin coenzyme and subsequent folate deficiency. We studied the anti-leukemic effect of N2O on a transplantable acute leukemia in B(rown) N(orway) rats. Progression of this B,N,M(yelocytic)L(eukemia) was measured as spleen and liver weights, and leukemic blood cell counts. The deoxyuridine (dU)-suppression test provided in vitro indication of the functional folate activity of leukemic cells. Breathing of N2O-oxygen considerably reduced but did not eradicate, BNML-proliferation. Addition of anti-metabolites, interfering with some enzyme in the folate metabolism beyond the methylcobalamin co-enzyme dependent methionine synthase step, acted at least synergistically. The anti-leukemic effect of cycloleucine, which reduces S-adenosyl-methionine synthesis by inactivation of methionine adenosyltransferase, was moderate but became much stronger with N2O inhalation. Methotrexate, a potent anti-leukemic agent by inhibiting tetrahydrofolate (THF) generation through inactivation of di-HF reductase, became highly anti-BNML, even in low dosage when combined with or preceded by N2O. 5-Fluorouracil, which inhibits methylene-THF dependent thymidilate synthase, itself was surprisingly anti-BNML, but also became much more potent with previous or concomitant N2O exposure. Preliminary dU-suppression test results with human acute leukemia cells, exposed to N2O and/or folate antagonists in vitro, correlated well with the in vivo BNML-experiments. Combining the anticobalamin activity of N2O with an anti-folate therefore seems to be a promising chemotherapeutic approach.

Topics: Animals; Humans; Leukemia; Nitrous Oxide; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child; Factor VIII; Hematologic Diseases; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemophilia A; Humans; Leukemia; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12; von Willebrand Diseases

Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Survival; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Mitosis; Muramidase; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Cell Division; Euglena gracilis; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Leukemia; Methylation; Nucleic Acids; Nucleotides; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Complement System Proteins; Erythropoietin; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anticoagulants; Biological Transport; Blood Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Charcoal; Chemical Precipitation; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cobalt Isotopes; Cyanides; Dialysis; Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Gastric Juice; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Lymph; Protein Binding; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Saliva; Starch; Sulfates; Urea; Urine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anticoagulants; Chelating Agents; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Fibrinolysis; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobinopathies; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Leukemia; Pregnancy; Splenectomy; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Platelets; Eosinophilia; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Clinical Trials as Topic; Leukemia; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Vitamin B12 deficiency in children can cause megaloblastic anemia, poor growth, and increased chances of infections. It is an important reversible cause of bone marrow suppression which at the time of presentation can mimic hematological malignancy. Therefore, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases suspected of acute leukemia. We report a case of 14 months old child who had atypical presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency. He had chronic fever, decreased feeding and increased paleness for one year. Pancytopenia with severe anemia was present along with 19% reactive/atypical cells in peripheral blood smear suggesting acute leukemia. However, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed features of megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 level measured was very low and treatment with cyanocobalamin caused drastic improvement in the child's condition.

Topics: Anemia, Megaloblastic; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Male; Pancytopenia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Elevated levels of serum cobalamin may be a sign of a serious, even life-threatening, disease. Diseases such as chronic myeloid leukaemia, promyelocytic leukaemia, polycythaemia vera and hypereosinophilic syndrome are often accompanied by markedly elevated levels of cobalamin in the blood. A rise in the serum cobalamin concentration is one of the diagnostic criteria for polycythaemia vera and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In haematological disorders, the increase in circulating cobalamin levels is predominantly caused by enhanced production of haptocorrin. Several liver diseases such as acute hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver disease can also be accompanied by an increase in circulating cobalamin. In liver diseases, the increase in cobalamin is predominantly caused by cobalamin release during hepatic cytolysis and/or through decreased clearance of circulating cobalamin by the affected liver. Liver disorders are not an indication for determining the serum cobalamin concentration. However, a coincidentally observed elevated serum cobalamin concentration is reason for further investigation.

Topics: Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

To identify the defect in cobalamin metabolism in the human melanoma cell line MeWoLC1, and to determine how frequent this defect is in other methionine-dependent tumour cell lines.. Biochemical and somatic cell genetics study.. Aspects of cobalamin metabolism were measured in a panel of 14 human tumour cell lines that were unable to proliferate normally in medium in which methionine had been replaced by its metabolic precursor homocysteine (methionine-dependent cell lines).. The human melanoma cell line MeWoLC1 was unique among these cell lines, in that it was characterized by decreased uptake of cobalamin, decreased synthesis of coenzyme derivatives, and decreased functional activity of the cobalamin-dependent enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonylCoA mutase. This phenotype was identical to that observed in fibroblasts from patients with the cblC and cblD inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism. The defect in cobalamin metabolism in MeWoLC1 was complemented in somatic cell complementation analysis by cblA, cblB, cblD, cblE and cblG fibroblasts, but not by cblC fibroblasts, strongly suggesting that the defect in this cell line affects the cblC locus. Similar changes in cellular cobalamin metabolism were not seen in any other methionine-dependent cell line in the panel, suggesting that there may be multiple causes of methionine dependence, and that inactivation of the cblC locus may not be a common cause of this phenotype in transformed cells.. The defect underlying methionine dependence in MeWoLC1 appears to involve the locus that is affected in patients with the cblC inborn error of metabolism. This defect does not seem to be common among other methionine-dependent cell lines.

Topics: Carbon Radioisotopes; Culture Media; Humans; Leukemia; Melanoma; Methionine; Neoplasms; Propionates; Tetrahydrofolates; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vitamin B 12

The vitamin B12 antagonist cyanocobalamin [c-lactam] was cytotoxic to cultured human leukemia cells, grown in methylfolate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12, but not in the presence of methionine. Small concentrations of methionine were effective in restoring the growth rate in a dose-dependent fashion, confirming methionine deficiency as the cytotoxic principle. Cyanocobalamin [c-lactam] prevented utilization of the methyl group of methylfolate, but no evidence of folate deficiency developed in long-term culture. High concentrations of non-methylated folate were unable to reverse the cytotoxicity, excluding a methylfolate 'trap' as the cause. Low concentrations of serine in the medium induced transient biochemical megaloblastosis. Cyanocobalamin [c-lactam] caused this to occur earlier, and persist. In high concentrations of serine, the inhibitor caused only transient changes in deoxyuridine suppression. Homocysteine cannot be remethylated without vitamin B12, and condensation with serine is the only other excretory pathway for this toxic amino acid. We hypothesize that impaired DNA synthesis in vitamin B12 deficiency is the result of diverting serine away from thymidylate synthesis, into homocysteine metabolism.

Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Cell Survival; Enzyme Inhibitors; HL-60 Cells; Humans; K562 Cells; Leukemia; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin B 12

DNA polymerase activity was demonstrated in sera from patients with diseases affecting DNA metabolism in different ways, i.e. malignant, viral and vitamin B12-deficiency disease. Using the current procedure, such activity was only detected in sera with pathological levels of thymidine kinase, i.e. no reference level of DNA polymerase activity in healthy individuals could be established. The activity detected for all three types of disease was similar to that of proliferation-associated DNA polymerase alpha, both with respect to sensitivity to different chemical inhibitors and to inhibition by monoclonal antibody. The levels of activity of DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase showed a wide variation and were not significantly correlated when all DNA polymerase-positive sera were included in the analysis. The variation in the ratio of polymerase to kinase activity within a given disease was smaller and the distributions of the enzyme ratios induced by the three types of disease differed significantly. Considering that DNA polymerase activity can be quantitated directly in crude sera, and that such analyses seems to give biological and clinical information, the development of an assay with improved sensitivity for extensive studies is justified.

Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cytomegalovirus Infections; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Exposure to nitrous oxide inactivates the cobalamin coenzyme of methionine synthetase, an essential enzyme in folate metabolism. Hemopoietic cells are especially dependent on the function of cobalamin for the folate-dependent synthesis of thymidylate (dTMP). Inhibition of methionine synthetase may therefore be of potential value in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In the present study we investigated the effect of nitrous oxide induced cobalamin inactivation on folate metabolism of fresh leukemic cells and the human myelomonocytic cell line U937. Cells were exposed to nitrous oxide for 20 h. Subsequently they were subjected to the deoxyuridine suppression test (dU test), which measures the disturbance of folate-dependent dTMP synthesis. In all bone marrow samples, cobalamin inactivation resulted in a 200% increase of the dU test value, implicating a decreased de-novo synthesis of dTMP. Incubation of leukemic cells with methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil or cycloleucine induced similar increases of the dU test values which could be further raised to 400% with the addition of N2O exposure. Prolonged experiments with U937 cells revealed that the disturbance of folate metabolism aggravated up to 48 h of nitrous oxide exposure. It can be concluded that cobalamin inactivation in human leukemic cells results in disturbed folate-dependent dTMP synthesis. Moreover, effects of several drugs interfering with folate metabolism can be enhanced.

Topics: Bone Marrow; Cell Line; Deoxyuridine; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Methotrexate; Nitrous Oxide; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vitamin B 12

The B12 absorption test (Schilling test) with intrinsic factor was used to examine ileal B12 absorption in 26 patients after allogeneic transplantation. The test was well tolerated and showed a profound fall in B12 absorption, which was maximal at two weeks after transplantation and recovered by eight weeks. The predominant influence on absorption at this stage was probably the conditioning schedule, and the presence of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) was not associated with a further impairment of absorption. Six patients with chronic GVHD were studied. When compared with nine patients without GVHD there was a significant (p less than 0.005) reduction of B12 absorption. These findings suggest that the B12 absorption test may be a useful non-invasive method of studying bowel function after bone marrow transplantation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child; Chronic Disease; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Leukemia; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Neuraminidase; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developed in a 57-year-old woman following adjuvant therapy with melphalan for ovarian carcinoma. Maturation of differentiating marrow myeloid and erythroid precursors was megaloblastic. The serum vitamin B12 level was low, and Schilling test revealed vitamin B12 malabsorption correctable with intrinsic factor. Megaloblastic maturation of the marrow cells was converted to normoblastic following treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid. However, blast cells persisted in the marrow, and cytogenetic analysis revealed aneuploidy and trisomy 18. In contrast to the marrow blast cells, there was a decline in circulating blast cells following vitamin replacement, suggesting that these cells were capable of maturation but required vitamin B12 for this purpose.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow; Cell Division; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Leukemia; Melphalan; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The cyanogen bromide method was applied to the assay of vitamin B12-dependent methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase activity in normal and leukemic human hematopoietic cells. Normal peripheral lymphocytes and leukemia cells of lymphoid origin wuch as CLL and ALL, contained higher levels of enzyme activity than did normal human bone marrow cells. Normal granulocytes and leukemia cells of myeloid origin, such as CML in the chronic phase and AML, contained lower enzyme activity. Leukemia cells of CML in blast crisis showed higher mean activity than in the chronic phase of the disease.

Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Adult; Cyanogen Bromide; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Leukemia; Methyltransferases; Vitamin B 12

By means of a test set of the Isocommerz (GDR) determinations of vitamin B12 in the serum were carried out according to the principle of the competitive protein binding. The normal values lie between 200 and 1,000 pg/ml serum. Clearly decreased levels of vitamin B12 are found in the pernicious anaemia, in other megaloblastic anaemias and in disturbances of the resorption after resection of the stomach. Increased values can be stated in the untreated chronic myelosis and in the blast episode. Under Busulphan-therapy a significant decrease of the values of vitamin B12 develops. The method seems to be practically important for the well-timed recognition of deficiency conditions of vitamin B12 in beginning pernicious anaemia, in disturbances of intestinal resorption after resection of the stomach and for the observation of the course of the chronic myelosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anemia, Pernicious; Busulfan; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Male; Vitamin B 12

Nine patients were selected according to the following criteria: 1. Hematological findings consistent with the diagnosis of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM), except for an excess of blasts in the blood and bone marrow; 2. No previous (silent) phase of MMM. 3. No PH1 chromosome, and 4. No identifiable cause of secondary myelofibrosis. These patients had either an acute or subacute myelofibrosis. The onset of such symptoms as fever, bone pain, hemorrhage and mild splenomegaly was rapid. Terminal acute leukemia or more often progressive bone marrow biopsy showing myelofibrosis with persistence of differentiated myeloid tissue, particularly megacaryocytes. Isotopic studies (59Fe and 51Cr) showed splenic erythroid metaplasia, poor bone marrow 59Fe uptake and increased peripheral red blood cell destruction. This study confirms that malignant myelosclerosis is a well-defined syndrome which must be distinguished from: a) Acute transformation of typical agnogenic myeloid metaplasia even though it was previously undiagnosed (4 cases of MMM illustrating this possibility have been reported); b) Acute myeloblastic leukemia with myelofibrosis; and c) Myelofibrosis secondary to lymphomatous or carcinomatous bone-marrow invasion (2 cases with acute myelofibrosis appearing long after appropriate treatment have been reported).

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Examination; Cell Survival; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Myelofibrosis; Uric Acid; Vitamin B 12

The hypothesis that transcobalamin I (TC I) originates from granulocytes was tested by comparing the isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns of the R-type binder (cobalophilin) of vitamin B12 of: 1) lysed granulocytes, 2) 24 h granulocyte output, and 3) plasma. The preparations came from the blood of 5 normal subjects and 4 with myeloproliferative states. The cobalophilin released into a culture of granulocytes resembled the binder in the granulocytes initially. TC I, defined as the alpha1 cobalophilin with components isoelectric between pH 2.9-3.35 and as a carrier of native plasma B12, was not released by granulocytes. The granulocyte binder of leukaemic granulocytes did not differ from the normal in content per cell or amount released.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Primary Myelofibrosis; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

A patient with subacute eosinophilic leukemia is presented, with full recognition of the controversy surrounding that entity. Serum vitamin B12 and B12-binding protein studies and simultaneous complete blood counts were done before and during 6 months of high-dose, intermittent combination chemotherapy. The patient presented with extremely high levels of serum vitamin B12, unsaturated B12-binding capacity, and transcobalamin I, all of which resembled the highest values seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Serial studies, during and after remission induction, showed a precipitous fall of serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated B12-binding capacity to normal levels. The data show that transcobalamin I levels, which eventually reached low-normal range, correlate best with the level of circulating and bone marrow eosinophils. Transcobalamin II and serum third binder appeared to be normal throughout the patient's course. The B12-binding protein abnormalities are not considered diagnostic of eosinophilic leukemia.

Topics: Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Eosinophils; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Prednisone; Protein Binding; Remission, Spontaneous; Vincristine; Vitamin B 12

The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the 'large molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (LBP) and the 'small molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (SBP) were determined by a Sephadex G 150 gel filtration method in 9 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 5 patients with blast cell leukaemia and 12 patients with non-neoplastic leucocytosis. EDTA plasma and serum separated after 20 min and after 120 min were examined. In the 20 min EDTA plasma samples, the mean LBP value was 8,009 pg/ml in CML, 2,468 in blast leukaemia, 175 in non-neoplastic leucocytosis, and 57 in normal controls. The in vitro release of LBP into serum was much smaller in the leukaemias than in non-neoplastic leucocytosis. No correlation was found between the LBP values and the white blood cell counts or lysozyme values, but lysozyme was correlated to white cell count in CML. It is suggested that the plasma LBP levels reflect the fraction of LBP decay taking place at sites, e.g. the spleen, from which the released LBP can enter the circulation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carrier Proteins; Edetic Acid; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anemia; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Male; Megaloblasts; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity of whole serum (UBBC) and of the three transcobalamins (TC) has been studied in patients with various haematological diseases including myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and acute leukaemia. The binding capacity of TC I and TC III was increased in MPD; TC I being particularly high in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and TC III especially raised in polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and in infectious leucocytosis. The binding capacity of both TC I and TC III correlated with blood neutrophil count and the ratio TC III/TC I was low in CGL and increased in PRV. TC II was increased in acute myelogenous leukaemia, during remission and blast cell crisis of CGL and in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts but not in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). TC II correlated inversely with blood neutrophil count. There is an inverse ratio between TC II and TC I at least in myelogenous leukaemia. These abnormalities are discussed in relation to granulocyte kinetics. TC III and TC I reflect probably the total body granulocyte pool and share some biochemical and immunological properties supporting the view that they have a common origin in the more mature stages of the granulocyte cell line while TC II probably originates partly in more primitive granulocytes.

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

A cobalamin-dependent N5-methyltetra-hydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (methyl-transferase) was demonstrated in unfractioned extracts of human normal and leukemia leukocytes. Activity was substantially reduced in the absence of an added cobalamin derivative. Presumably, this residual activity reflects the endogeneous level of holoenzyme. Enzyme activity was notably higher in lymphoid cells than in myeloid cells. Thus, mean specific activities (+/-SD) were: chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, 2.15+/-1.16; normal lymphocytes, 0.91+/-0.59; normal mature granulocytes, 0.15+/-0.10; chronic myelocytic leukemia granulocytes, barely detectable activity. Properties of leukocytes enzymes resembled those of methyltransferases previously studied in bacteria and other animal cells. Granulocytes and chronic myelocytic leukemia cells contain a factor or factors that inhibits Escherichia coli enzyme. The data suggest that the prominence of this cobalamin-dependent enzyme in lymphocytes and other mononuclear cell types may be related to their potential for cell division.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Antibodies; Blood Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Child; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Cobamides; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; HeLa Cells; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Liver Neoplasms; Neuraminidase; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Saliva; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Assay; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Leucine; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Protein Binding; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Carrier Proteins; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Electrophoresis; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Molecular Weight; Mucoproteins; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Autopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosome Aberrations; Endocarditis; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Heart Failure; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myocardium; Neutrophils; Sex Chromosomes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Carrier Proteins; Cobalt Isotopes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Methods; Protein Binding; Time Factors; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Body Fluids; Electrophoresis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia; Molecular Weight; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biometry; Cardiovascular Diseases; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Hemophilia A; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Diseases; Splenectomy; Thalassemia; Thyroid Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoradiography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diet, Vegetarian; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin; Intestinal Diseases; Leukemia; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Division; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; Clone Cells; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anemia; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphadenitis; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Prognosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Purines; Uric Acid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Blood Proteins; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Chromatography, Gel; Erythrocytes; HeLa Cells; Humans; Immune Sera; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Polycythemia; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Saliva; Semen; Umbilical Cord; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Malabsorption Syndromes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Schilling Test; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Asthenia; Biliary Tract Diseases; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypotension; Leukemia; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Porphyrins; Pyridoxine; Urologic Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Chromatography; Cobalt Isotopes; Feces; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Leukemia; Myelitis; Radiometry; Stomach Diseases; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Thalassemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Marrow; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Leukemia; RNA, Messenger; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Blood Proteins; Electrocardiography; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytogenetics; Down Syndrome; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Isoantigens; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Chemical Analysis; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Cobalt Isotopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Multiple Sclerosis; Polycythemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Blood; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Cobalt Isotopes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography; Cobalt Isotopes; Corrinoids; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Metabolism; Schilling Test; Transcobalamins; Urine; Vascular Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bile Duct Neoplasms; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Celiac Disease; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis; Electrophoresis; Enteritis; Fatty Acids; FIGLU Test; Fluids and Secretions; Folic Acid; Formiminoglutamic Acid; Histidine; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Malabsorption Syndromes; Sprue, Tropical; Urine; Vitamin B 12; Xylose

From 25 patients with acute leukemia 116 specimens of leukocytes were assayed microbiologically for total vitamin B(12) to determine if variation in vitamin B(12) content would help in differentiating the acute leukemias. The mean cell vitamin B(12) levels (mumug./10(8) cells) in the different types of leukemia were: lymphoblastic 464, myeloblastic 1058 and monocytic 200. Cell vitamin B(12) levels above the normal range (100-800 mumug./10(8) cells) are suggestive of myeloblastic leukemia. The only elevated cell vitamin B(12) levels comparable to those found in myeloblastic leukemia were in reticulum cell leukemia, and this type of leukemia was not difficult to diagnose morphologically. Blast cells contained more vitamin B(12) than mature cells of the same series; there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of blast cells and cell levels of total vitamin B(12) in both lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Cobalt Isotopes; Coenzymes; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Metabolism; Plasma; Radiometry; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Vitamin B 12

White blood cell preparations from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia have more S-adenosylmethionine, an important metabolic intermediate, than normal peripheral white cells or thoracic-duct lymphocytes. The previously reported elevation of cyanocobalamine (vitamin B(l2)) in the serum of patients with this disease is corroborated. The possible usefulness of methylation antimetabolites in cancer chemotherapy is suggested.

Topics: Antimetabolites; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Drug Therapy; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Methionine; Nucleosides; S-Adenosylmethionine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Serum; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Child; Chromatography; Chromosomes; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Porphyrins; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uracil; Uracil Nucleotides; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cobalt Isotopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Folic Acid; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Alkalies; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Chemical Analysis; Erythrocytes; Gastrectomy; Geriatrics; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Lactobacillus; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Coagulation; Blood Proteins; Chloramphenicol; Epidemiology; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Haptoglobins; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Iron-Dextran Complex; Leukemia; Polycythemia; Thromboplastin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminocaproates; Aminocaproic Acid; Anabolic Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Hemophilia A; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Methandrostenolone; Methyltestosterone; Nandrolone; Purpura; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Steroids; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Biological Assay; Blood Chemical Analysis; Corrinoids; Digestion; Euglena; Hot Temperature; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Papain; Research; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Mucoproteins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Folic Acid; Haplorhini; Kidney; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Mice; Parotid Gland; Pharmacology; Research; Research Design; Skin; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Corrinoids; Dialysis; In Vitro Techniques; Isotonic Solutions; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Renal Dialysis; Research; Temperature; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Erythrocyte Count; Geriatrics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukopenia; Neoplasms; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenine; Adolescent; Child; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Leucovorin; Leukemia; Mucins; Pyruvates; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cobalt Isotopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Leukemia; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Folic Acid; Hematinics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Rats; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Blood Proteins; Electrophoresis; Euglena; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anemia; Anemia, Myelophthisic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Benzene; Biopsy; Blood Transfusion; Cortisone; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Leukemia; Liver Extracts; Mortality; Occupational Diseases; Pathology; Poisoning; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Vasopressins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Complement System Proteins; Corrinoids; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Leukemia; Phagocytosis; Properdin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Hematinics; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Serum; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biochemical Phenomena; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Polycythemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Hematinics; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Hematinics; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Liver; Serum Globulins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Busulfan; Hematinics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mercaptopurine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Serum; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Orosomucoid; Plasma; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cobalt; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Hematinics; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Transport; Cobalt; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Plasma; Tissue Distribution; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Endocrine System Diseases; Eukaryota; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Hematinics; Leukemia; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Corrinoids; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Hematinics; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Blood; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Blood Proteins; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Chronic Disease; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Folic Acid; Hematinics; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Administration, Oral; Corrinoids; Fermentation; Humans; Leukemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Corrinoids; Fermentation; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Scleroderma, Localized; Scleroderma, Systemic; Vitamin B 12