vitamin-b-12 and Leukemia--Myeloid

Topics: Cell Division; Drinking; Folic Acid; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lithium; Protein Binding; Texas; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Child; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Female; Humans; Japan; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Prognosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bile; Biological Transport; Blood Proteins; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carrier Proteins; Glycoproteins; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Receptors, Drug; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Transfusion; Busulfan; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Immunotherapy; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Splenectomy; Vincristine; Vitamin B 12

1. Low serum B12 levels can be measured with considerable precision by microbiological assay with the Euglena gracilis assay and B12 deficiency can be recognised with a high level of consistency by either the Euglena or L. leichmannii assays. Either method is ideally suited for the assay of large numbers of specimens. The Lactobacillus leichmanii technique requires preliminary extraction of protein and it has been suggested that this may be a source of inaccuracy. 2. The radioisotope dilution assay should be the ideal method of measuring B12 levels in small or moderate numbers of specimens for it is a simple method that can be carried out in any laboratory with suitable counting equipment. After many false starts the conditions required for accurate assay are now understood. Each of 40 to 50 radioisotopic dilution techniques that have been introduced claims to be capable of differentiating B12 deficiency from control subjects but the reported correlations between the actual levels found in the two different assays are variable and the levels may be much higher with some radioisotopic methods. 3. The subnormal serum levels which are found in pernicious anaemia with all these techniques indicate severe reduction of the liver B12 level. A low serum B12 level in other conditions has, in the absence of associated folate or iron deficiency, the same significance. If the fall in the serum B12 level is associated with folate or iron deficiency, the tissue B12 levels are usually reduced but not to the low levels found in B12 deficiency states. 4. In practice, a subnormal B12 level is a valuable pointer not only to unsuspected pernicious anaemia but also to other gastrointestinal or nutritional disorders. The significance of a fall in the B12 level can only be understood if its cause is defined by a full clinical and gastroenterological investigation. 5. Falsely low serum B12 levels are found under certain iatrogenic conditions and B12 levels may be normal in spite of cellular deficiency of B12 under the rare circumstances of pernicious anaemia being associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia or when there is deficiency of TC 2.

Topics: Anemia, Megaloblastic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Assay; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carrier Proteins; Deoxyuridine; Euglena gracilis; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Lactobacillus; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Erythropoiesis; gamma-Globulins; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Infections; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Monocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidases; Prognosis; Spleen; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carrier Proteins; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Aneuploidy; Basophils; Blood Platelets; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cytogenetics; Eosinophilia; Fetal Hemoglobin; Fever; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Lymphatic Diseases; Muramidase; Primary Myelofibrosis; Prognosis; Skin Manifestations; Thrombocytosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Deoxyribonucleases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Child; History, 20th Century; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Plasma membrane receptors for the serum cobalamin-binding protein transcobalamin II (TCII) were identified on human leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells using immunoaffinity-purified human TCII labeled with [57Co]cyanocobalamin. The Bmax values for TCII receptors on proliferating K562 and HL-60 cells were 4,500 and 2,700 per cell, respectively. Corresponding dissociation constants (kd) were 8.0 x 10(-11) mol/L and 9.0 x 10(-11) mol/L. Rabbit TCII also bound to K562 and HL-60 cells but with slightly reduced affinities. Calcium was required for the binding of transcobalamin II to K562 cells. Brief treatment of these cells with trypsin resulted in almost total loss of surface binding activity. After removal of trypsin, surface receptors for TCII slowly reappeared, reaching pretrypsin treatment densities only after 24 hours. Reappearance of receptors was blocked by cycloheximide. TCII receptor densities on K562 and HL-60 cells correlated inversely with the concentration of cobalamin in the culture medium. This suggests that intracellular stores of cobalamin may affect the expression of transcobalamin receptors. Nonproliferating stationary-phase K562 cells had low TCII receptor densities (less than 1,200 receptors/cell). However, the density of TCII receptors increased substantially when cells were subcultured in fresh medium. Up-regulation of receptor expression coincided with increased 3H-thymidine incorporation, which preceded the resumption of cellular proliferation as measured by cell density. In the presence of cytosine arabinoside, which induces erythroid differentiation, K562 cells down-regulated expression of TCII receptors. When HL-60 cells were subcultured in fresh medium containing dimethysulfoxide to induce granulocytic differentiation, the up-regulation of TCII receptors was suppressed. This event occurred well before a diminution of 3H-thymidine incorporation and cessation of proliferation. Thus, changes in the regulation of expression of TCII receptors correlate with both the proliferative and differentiation status of cells.

Topics: Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Cytarabine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Myeloid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Transcobalamins; Trypsin; Up-Regulation; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blast Crisis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Two patients are described who had evidence of both multiple myeloma and chronic neutrophilic leukaemia at or near the time of presentation. Descriptions of five similar patients were found in the literature supporting an association between the two disorders. This association is further evidence of a link between myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Cobalamin-binding studies of the plasma and neutrophils from one of these patients showed a gross elevation of plasma unsaturated TC I and abnormal neutrophils which contained TC I but not TC III.

Topics: Aged; Carrier Proteins; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neutrophils; Vitamin B 12

Twenty-seven consecutive patients with previously untreated, or minimally treated benign phase Philadelphia-chromosome-positive, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) were treated with partially purified human leucocyte (alpha) interferon; 24 of the 27 patients responded to therapy achieving either haematological remission (20 patients) or partial haematological remission (four patients). In the responding patients the peripheral white blood cells declined from a median of 89.6 X 10 X 10(9)/l to 4.5 X 10 X 10(9)/l. The serum lactate dehydrogenase declined from a mean of 8.36 Katal/l (492 mu/ml) to 2.8 Katal/l (165 mu/ml), and the vitamin B12 levels declined from 1492 pg/ml to 838 pg/ml. Fifteen patients had splenomegaly. The spleen size normalized in four and decreased by a median of 30% in 10 additional patients. The bone marrow cellularity fell from a median of 100% to a median of 62%. In seven of the 24 responding patients, followed for greater than or equal to 6 months, the percentage of Ph1-positive cells in the bone marrow declined to a median of 70% (range 5-75%). Alpha interferon was found to be an effective therapeutic agent for controlling the myeloid proliferation in CML, and in partially restoring the nonclonal haematopoietic cells in some of the patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Interferon Type I; Karyotyping; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Philadelphia Chromosome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Neuraminidase; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

A novel nucleoside, in the amount of 400 micrograms, was isolated from a 24-h collection of urine of a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient. On the basis of ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry and chromatography, its structure was established to be 7-beta-D-ribofuranosylhypoxanthine. The ultraviolet and mass spectral data and the thin layer chromatographic mobilities of the natural material were identical to those of a synthetic sample. High performance liquid chromatographic retention times and the coinjection high performance liquid chromatography of the natural material with the synthetic samples of the alpha and beta-anomers of 7-ribofuranosylhypoxanthines further confirmed the identity of the isolated material as 7-beta-D-ribofuranosylhypoxanthine.

Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Inosine; Leukemia, Myeloid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Vitamin B 12

Growth rate of human leukaemic cell line K562 was independent of intracellular folate concentration when this was greater than 1.5 microM. When intracellular folate concentration was less than 1.5 microM, the rate of growth was proportional to the logarithm of intracellular concentration of non-methylated fully reduced folates, but not to the logarithm of the intracellular concentration of N5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate. Intracellular folate concentration sufficient to support an optimal growth rate was maintained by either DL-N5-formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate or DL-N5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate at a 100-fold lower concentration than pteroylglutamate. Addition of hypoxanthine to culture medium partially restored growth of folate-depleted cells: thymidine had no effect on growth rate either alone or in combination with thymidine. Folate-depleted cells with diminished growth rate were larger than replete cells, but did not have megaloblastic morphology. The mitotic index was not decreased in cultures with diminished growth rate. The rate of growth and cell size of K562 cells is thus dependent on a critical intracellular concentration of non-methylated tetrahydrofolates, which may be maintained by different concentrations of either reduced folates or pteroylglutamate.

Topics: Cell Division; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Folic Acid; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Leukemia, Myeloid; Oxidation-Reduction; Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids; Thymidine; Vitamin B 12

Leucocyte B12 and B12-binding capacity were measured by Simultrac radioassay in eosinophilic granulocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes and leucocytes obtained from patients with chronic granulocytic and lymphocytic leukaemia. It is shown that (a) eosinophils are a possible source of B12-binding protein similar to neutrophils and (b) granulocytes in myeloproliferative disorders and normal neutrophils have similar B12 and B12-binding capacity indicating that increased B12 and B12-binding capacity in myeloproliferative disorders arise from an increase in myeloid cell turnover.

Topics: Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Fourteen commercial kits for serum vitamin B12 assay have been assessed. The analytical performance and clinical correlation were used to rank the methods employed for the extraction of the vitamin from its binders and for the separation of 'bound' from 'unbound' counts. The introduction of extraction without boiling and the separation by attachment of the vitamin B12 binder to a solid matrix have not been shown to be generally better or worse than conventional methods.

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Methods; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Vitamin B 12

R-type vitamin B12 binding proteins (R proteins) from human granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma, and other body fluids were characterized by isoprotein banding patterns on autoradiograms after resolution via thin-layer polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel electrophoresis. R proteins obtained from various tissue sources in a given individual show tissue-specific electrophoretic patterns. The desialated R proteins obtained following in vitro treatment with neuraminidase are, however, the same for any given individual and do not show tissue specificity. The differences seen in native R proteins (i.e., transcobalamin I, III, and others) obtained from different tissues are due to variations only in the sialic acid content. Granulocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) contain both TC I and TC III, and these R proteins can be released in vitro by lithium stimulation. Normal granulocytes contain only TC III. Differences in desialated R proteins from individual to individual are due to a genetic polymorphism controlled by a single genetic locus (designated TCR) with two alleles, 1 and 2, which are found to be codominantly expressed in heterozygous individuals. The allelic variants of the desialated R proteins found in different blood cells and body fluids are controlled by only one genetic locus.

Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blood Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; Genetics, Population; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia, Myeloid; Neuraminidase; Phenotype; Rabbits; Saliva; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Sialic Acids; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Prognosis; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Phagocytosis; Protein Binding; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Vitamin B 12

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a rare, infrequently recognized, myeloproliferative disorder. It usually manifests as a leukemoid reaction, with mostly mature granulocytes in the peripheral blood, with rare to occasional immature forms, and sometimes with normoblasts. The clinical manifestations also include hepatosplenomegaly, elevated leukocytic alkaline phosphatase, elevated serum vitamin B12 and serum vitamin B12 binder ("R" fraction), and elevated serum uric acid. Distinction from a leukemegaly, the absence of sepsis, usually normal erythrocytic sedimentation, and the absence of fever. Leukemoid reactions may be associated with elevated serum vitamin B12 and uric acid, but the levels are usually lower than those found in chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Many patients have gouty symptoms, especially after treatment with Busulfan, and many have an unexplained hemorrhagic tendency, making major operations a risk. The authors add two cases to the 11 previously described.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Uric Acid; Vitamin B 12

The clinical and laboratory features of nine patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia are described. Hepatic or splenic enlargement accompanied by an absolute monocytosis in an older patient with an elevated serum or urine lysozyme and serum vitamin B12 levels were characteristic of the majority of patients in this series. No single clinical or laboratory finding was diagnostic for the disease. Most importantly, seven of nine patients had abnormal coagulation values; in two cases the abnormalities were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation and correlated with a hemorrhagic diathesis. It is concluded that patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who have thrombocytopenia or a bleeding tendency should be evaluated for evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Topics: Aged; Bone Marrow; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Splenomegaly; Vitamin B 12

By means of a test set of the Isocommerz (GDR) determinations of vitamin B12 in the serum were carried out according to the principle of the competitive protein binding. The normal values lie between 200 and 1,000 pg/ml serum. Clearly decreased levels of vitamin B12 are found in the pernicious anaemia, in other megaloblastic anaemias and in disturbances of the resorption after resection of the stomach. Increased values can be stated in the untreated chronic myelosis and in the blast episode. Under Busulphan-therapy a significant decrease of the values of vitamin B12 develops. The method seems to be practically important for the well-timed recognition of deficiency conditions of vitamin B12 in beginning pernicious anaemia, in disturbances of intestinal resorption after resection of the stomach and for the observation of the course of the chronic myelosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anemia, Pernicious; Busulfan; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Vitamin B 12

Three siblings with a lifelong history of a bleeding disorder and thrombocytopenia died from a myeloproliferative disease. In 2, the terminal event resembled juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia, and in the third, the diagnosis was acute monocytic leukemia. A family study revealed that the mother and 5 other siblings had a variety of hematologic abnormalities. These included chronic thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet function, elevated concentrations of HgbF or serum vitamin B12, and low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores either singly or in combination. At the time of study, none had evidence of malignancy. Members of this family have a myeloproliferative disorder that has the potential for terminating in nonlymphocytic leukemia, a combination of events which appears not to have been reported previously.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Platelet Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Family Characteristics; Female; Fetal Hemoglobin; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Pedigree; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Antineoplastic Agents; Erythropoiesis; Humans; Hypersplenism; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

The total cell B12 level in chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) is low. The uptake of 57Co-cyanocobalamin by normal granulocytes, lymphocytes and CML leukocytes was studied. It was found that the uptake of vitamin B12 was dependent on its concentration. The velocity of the uptake by CML leukocytes was decreased. The reaction showed a non-competitive inhibition. Lymphocytes had the lowest uptake. Na2EDTA inhibited the vitamin B12 uptake of normal granulocytes.

Topics: Cobalt Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alanine; Alkylating Agents; Amino Acids; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Isoleucine; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

The hypothesis that transcobalamin I (TC I) originates from granulocytes was tested by comparing the isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns of the R-type binder (cobalophilin) of vitamin B12 of: 1) lysed granulocytes, 2) 24 h granulocyte output, and 3) plasma. The preparations came from the blood of 5 normal subjects and 4 with myeloproliferative states. The cobalophilin released into a culture of granulocytes resembled the binder in the granulocytes initially. TC I, defined as the alpha1 cobalophilin with components isoelectric between pH 2.9-3.35 and as a carrier of native plasma B12, was not released by granulocytes. The granulocyte binder of leukaemic granulocytes did not differ from the normal in content per cell or amount released.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Primary Myelofibrosis; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

A spontaneous oscillation of the white blood cell count was observed in a 58 year old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Similar cyclic variations were noted in the platelet and reticulocyte counts with no apparent alterations in marrow cellularity to account for such changes. Since direct correlation was noted between white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocyte counts versus spleen size, it suggests that splenic hemopoiesis may be responsible for these cyclic changes. A possible inverse relationship between colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity and the white blood cell count was noted, suggesting that CSF may be the humoral agent controlling granulocyte production. A direct correlation between the white blood cell count and serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) and lysozyme was also noted and further supports the concept that the latter two are measures of the granulocyte pool and metabolism. An inverse relationship between CSF activity and the UBBC suggests that these may be two different entities. Finally a modified form of standard chemotherapy may be effective in inducing remission in cases of CML with marked cyclic leukocytosis-leukopenia.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow Examination; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Erythropoietin; Hemoglobins; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodicity; Reticulocytes; Spleen; Vitamin B 12

Epidural myeloblastoma, which compressed the spinal cord, was the first evidence for chronic granulocytic leukemia, eosinophilic type, Ph chromosome negative. This manifestation was preceded by 3 years follow-up of a patient with persistent eosinophilia of 60% mature eosinophils. The only clues for the diagnosis of leukemia were splenomegaly and high serum vitamin B12, most of which was bound to transcobalamin I. The latter finding presents a useful diagnostic criterium in myeloproliferative disorders.

Topics: Adult; Eosinophils; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Plasmacytoma; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the 'large molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (LBP) and the 'small molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (SBP) were determined by a Sephadex G 150 gel filtration method in 9 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 5 patients with blast cell leukaemia and 12 patients with non-neoplastic leucocytosis. EDTA plasma and serum separated after 20 min and after 120 min were examined. In the 20 min EDTA plasma samples, the mean LBP value was 8,009 pg/ml in CML, 2,468 in blast leukaemia, 175 in non-neoplastic leucocytosis, and 57 in normal controls. The in vitro release of LBP into serum was much smaller in the leukaemias than in non-neoplastic leucocytosis. No correlation was found between the LBP values and the white blood cell counts or lysozyme values, but lysozyme was correlated to white cell count in CML. It is suggested that the plasma LBP levels reflect the fraction of LBP decay taking place at sites, e.g. the spleen, from which the released LBP can enter the circulation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carrier Proteins; Edetic Acid; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Elevation of transcobalamin I and serum vitamin B12 levels has usually been associated with increased granulocytic proliferation, such as occurs in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Two patients with metastatic cancer had extremely high serum vitamin B12 and transcobalamin I levels--greater than those seen in even the most intense granulocytic proliferation--that were not explainable by leukocytosis. The subjects' serum vitamin B12 levels were 18,750 and 21,221 pg per milliliter (normal, 471 plus or minus 174 pg per milliliter, mean plus or minus S.D.) and unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity 158,750 and 5,400 pg per milliliter (normal, 1153 plus or minus 313 pg per milliliter) respectively. The abnormally elevated serum binder was shown to be identical with transcobalamin balamin I in every respect. Levels of transcobalamin II and serum third binder were normal. The cause of the binder abnormality is unknown, but factors other than granulocyte proliferation may control or contribute to the production or accumulation of transcobalamin I.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Animals; Blood Proteins; Carcinoma; Carrier Proteins; Cell Division; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Immune Sera; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Radioligand Assay; Saliva; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

The technique described in the preceding paper was applied to 12 abnormal sera selected for their increase in one or more B12-binding proteins. Even in the presence of large amounts of R-type binder, the ammonium sulfate technique gave a reliable separation of R binding proteins from TC II. Measurement of the TC II in abnormal sera gave results identical to those obtained by the more standard gel filtration. The R binders of four subjects with myeloproliferative disease were further separated into alpha2-R and alpha1-R. The pattern of B12 binding of polycythemia vera (PV) was an exaggeration of the normal pattern. Binding to alpha2-R was three to four times that to alpha1-R, although the total amounts bound to both were increased. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), both alpha2-R and alpha1-R were also increased, but in contrast to binding in normal sera, alpha1-R predominated. In order to interpret the findings, either whole serum R or alpha1-R and alpha2-R from patients with myeloproliferative disease were subject to isoelectric focusing. Alpha2-R consisted pricipally of components isoelectric at pH 2.9, 3.0, and 3.1. These components were present in only minor amounts in normal serum and were somewhat increased in the serum of PV. These components were very much increased in the serum of CML and predominated. Alpha2-R consisted of those components isoelectric at pH 3.4,3.6, and 4.0. These components predominated in the unsaturated binding capacity of normal sera and that of PV. It was concluded that the division of plasma R binders into alpha1-R and alpha1-R by the technique described provided information useful in the study of myeloproliferative diseases.

Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Blood Proteins; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

The R-type vitamin B12-binding protein (cobalophilin) in plasma and serum of patients with myeloproliferative diseases and leukocytosis was studied by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The isoproteins composing the cobalophilin were mainly the same in these disorders as in plasma of health subjects. In half the patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia and a few of those with leukocytosis some of the isoproteins were more acid than those found in healthy subjects. In chronic myelogenous leukaemia the high unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of plasma was due to an increase in the fairly acid isoproteins, whereas in polycythaemia vera and in most cases of leukocytosis there was an increase in the least acid isoproteins.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

A gradient was developed for isoelectric focusing in the pH range 2-5. Cobalophilin (earlier called R proteins or vitamin B12-binding proteins of R-type) was isolated from saliva and amniotic fluid in homogeneous form. It was found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 59,300-69,100. The preparation from amniotic fluid contained 33% carbohydrate. Cobalophilin variants in plasma, serum, granulocytes, platelets, amniotic fluid, milk, saliva and gastric juice were characterized by isoelectric focusing. Most fluids and cells contained the same isoproteins, with pI values between 2.3 and 5.0. Isoproteins of presumably myelogenic origin (e.g. those in granulocytes and plasma) had pI values below 4.2, whereas those of glandular origin (in milk and saliva) had a pI range of 4.0-5.0. Serum contained more cobalophilin than plasma, owing to release of this protein from granulocytes during clotting. This phenomenon also changed the isoprotein pattern. Plasma and serum from newborn infants and from patients with leucocytosis, polycythaemia vera and chronic myelogenous leukaemia contained the same isoproteins as were found in plasma from healthy subjects. In addition to these, isoproteins with lower than 'normal' pI values were often found in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and occasionally in leucocytosis. It is concluded that cobalophilin from different fluids and cells is a single microheterogeneous protein with a variable carbohydrate composition. The distribution of cobalophilin in different body fluids and cells supports the suggestion that cobalophilin is an antimicrobial protein (Gullberg 1972) like lactoferrin and lysozyme.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Gastric Juice; Glycoproteins; Granulocytes; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Milk, Human; Molecular Weight; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Saliva; Vitamin B 12

Hyman, Michael P., and Reiquam, C. W.: Monitoring the course of chronic granulocytic leukemia with vitamin B 12-binding proteins. Am J Clin Pathol 63: 796-803, 1975. Vitamin B 12-binding protein levels (UBBC) have been used in the diagnosis of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), but little data on the course of these patients and the fluctuation of their UBBC are available. Serial UBBC were determined for 12 patients with CGL over various periods of time. Some patients remained in relapse aapse. Throughout, the B 12-binding protein levels were a faithful monitor of each patient's course. The beta/alpha ratio, indicating the relative amount of the binding protein fractions probably reflects the clinical status of the patient in a way that is not presently utilizable. Measurement of B 12-binding proteins during the course of chronic granulocytic leukemia may prove helpful in the long-term care of these patients. (Key words: Vitamin B 12-binding proteins; Chronic granulocytic leukemia.)

Topics: Carrier Proteins; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Protein Binding; Recurrence; Remission, Spontaneous; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

The unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity of whole serum (UBBC) and of the three transcobalamins (TC) has been studied in patients with various haematological diseases including myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and acute leukaemia. The binding capacity of TC I and TC III was increased in MPD; TC I being particularly high in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and TC III especially raised in polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and in infectious leucocytosis. The binding capacity of both TC I and TC III correlated with blood neutrophil count and the ratio TC III/TC I was low in CGL and increased in PRV. TC II was increased in acute myelogenous leukaemia, during remission and blast cell crisis of CGL and in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts but not in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). TC II correlated inversely with blood neutrophil count. There is an inverse ratio between TC II and TC I at least in myelogenous leukaemia. These abnormalities are discussed in relation to granulocyte kinetics. TC III and TC I reflect probably the total body granulocyte pool and share some biochemical and immunological properties supporting the view that they have a common origin in the more mature stages of the granulocyte cell line while TC II probably originates partly in more primitive granulocytes.

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Binding Sites; Blood; Calcium Chloride; Cell Fractionation; Cell Line; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Female; Humans; Leukemia L1210; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Mice; Saliva; Sucrose; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Biological Assay; Blood Proteins; Chickens; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Euglena gracilis; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Lactobacillus; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia Vera; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Umbilical Cord; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Antibodies; Blood Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Child; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Cobamides; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; HeLa Cells; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Liver Neoplasms; Neuraminidase; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Saliva; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Bromine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Mannitol; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Splenomegaly; Vitamin B 12

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) is a rare but important type of acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by major bleeding in association with thrombocytopenia, a specific peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, low plasma fibrinogen, and the presence in the serum of fibrin degradation products. These last abnormalities are related to the disseminated intravascular consumption of coagulation factors with secondary fibrinolysis. A.P.L. requires early recognition and urgent treatment. With optimal management up to half of the patients may achieve complete remission of two years or more. Undoubtedly patients with A.P.L. do especially well when treated in special centres and some patients with A.P.L. now die before the nature of their disease is recognized. Increased familiarity with the problem, which has been known for nearly 20 years, should yield great dividends for those few patients who have this disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Binding Sites; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Factor V; Factor VIII; Fibrinogen; Hematuria; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Peroxidases; Platelet Transfusion; Prognosis; Prothrombin; Purpura; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12

In tissue cultures of normal adult and malignant mammalian cells, homocystine has been substituted for methionine in a medium rich in folic acid and cyanocobalamin. Normal adult cells thrive. Three highly malignant cell types from three different species, including man, die.

Topics: Animals; Breast; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Female; Fibroblasts; Folic Acid; Homocystine; Humans; Leukemia L1210; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Male; Methionine; Mice; Prostate; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Assay; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Leucine; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Protein Binding; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Binding Sites; Blood Proteins; Cellulose; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Electrophoresis, Paper; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Molecular Weight; Protein Binding; Receptors, Drug; Ultrasonics; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Ammonium Sulfate; Blood Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Methods; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bilirubin; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Megaloblasts; Middle Aged; Polycythemia Vera; Reticulocytes; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Binding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Centrifugation; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Dialysis; Female; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Multiple Myeloma; Protein Binding; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Liver Neoplasms; Macroglobulins; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Protein Binding; Serum Globulins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Ultracentrifugation; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Blood Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Chromatography, Paper; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Multiple Myeloma; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Placenta; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Basophils; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Charcoal; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia, Myeloid; Methods; Protein Binding; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Autoradiography; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Cobalt Isotopes; Electrophoresis; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Remission, Spontaneous; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Autoradiography; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cobalt Isotopes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Charcoal; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Saliva; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cobalt Isotopes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Proteins; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Liver Cirrhosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphoma; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms; Polycythemia; Primary Myelofibrosis; Protein Binding; Uremia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amino Acids; Binding Sites; Blood Proteins; Carbohydrates; Carrier Proteins; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Disc; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Molecular Weight; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Spectrophotometry; Ultracentrifugation; Vibration; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Autopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosome Aberrations; Endocarditis; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Heart Failure; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myocardium; Neutrophils; Sex Chromosomes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Bone Marrow Examination; Cytarabine; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Protein Binding; Remission, Spontaneous; Spleen; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Bone Marrow Examination; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Syndrome; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Anemia, Pernicious; Beta-Globulins; Blood Cells; Cobalt Isotopes; DNA; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cobalt Isotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Disc; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Autopsy; Bone Marrow Examination; Cobalt Isotopes; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced; Male; Radiotherapy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carbon Isotopes; Coenzymes; DNA Replication; Female; Friend murine leukemia virus; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Mice; Nucleosides; Oxidoreductases; Ribonucleotides; Spleen; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Bone Marrow Examination; Busulfan; Chromosome Aberrations; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Myelofibrosis; Prognosis; Radiometry; Splenomegaly; Technetium; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Busulfan; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Busulfan; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Busulfan; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Neoplasm Proteins; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Busulfan; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cobalt Isotopes; Cytarabine; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Protein Binding; Serum Globulins; Vitamin B 12

Human granulocytes (G) contain a vitamin B(12)-binding protein (B(12)BP). There is evidence that chronic myelogenous leukemia leukocytes (CMLL) may synthesize B(12)BP. Our prior studies suggested that intact, living intravascular G synthesize and release such protein into extracellular compartments in vivo. In the present study, CMLL were incubated in Trisbuffered Hank's basal salt solution (pH 7.2) containing 0.1% human serum albumin to study release of B(12)BP into the medium. B(12)BP was released continuously and in increasing amounts over a 5 hr period at 37 degrees C; this release was inhibited almost completely when the cells were incubated at 4 degrees C and by about half as much in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide (1 mmole/liter). Cycloheximide (50 mug/ml) had no effect on the release of B(12)BP but significantly inhibited incorporation of leucine-(3)H into leukocyte protein. G incubated with 20 mg/ml of compound 48/80, an experimental histamine-releasing agent, had a 6-fold increase in release of B(12)BP over a 2 hr period. Subcellular fractionation studies of human granulocytes demonstrate that most of the B(12)BP is associated with the granular (20,000 g) layer with an excellent correlation observed between its subcellular distribution and that of acid phosphatase.These findings suggest that the release of B(12)BP from G is mediated by an active process and provide further evidence that granulocytes are secretory as well as phagocytic cells.

Topics: Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Cycloheximide; Ethylmaleimide; Humans; Leucine; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Protein Binding; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Blood Proteins; Humans; Inflammation; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Neoplasms; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Albumins; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Cobalt Isotopes; Electrophoresis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Child, Preschool; Cobalt Isotopes; Ethnicity; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant; Kwashiorkor; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Protein Binding; Rats; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anemia, Pernicious; Black People; Celiac Disease; Cobalt Isotopes; Dosage Forms; Feces; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Schilling Test; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Transport; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Fetus; HeLa Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Ascorbic Acid; Autopsy; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperplasia; Iron; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Precancerous Conditions; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Photometry; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Cellulose; Charcoal; Cobalt Isotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Methods; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Autoradiography; Electrophoresis; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia, Myeloid; Methods; Protein Binding; Proteins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Bone Marrow Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia Vera; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Primary Myelofibrosis; Prognosis; Protein Binding; Uremia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Megakaryocytes; Middle Aged; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Antigens; Blood Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis; Hemolysis; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Neuraminidase; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Buffers; Child; Edetic Acid; Formaldehyde; Humans; Imidazoles; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Methionine; Sulfur Isotopes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cobalt Isotopes; Gels; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mathematics; Protein Binding; Starch; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytogenetics; Down Syndrome; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Isoantigens; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cobalt Isotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Basophils; Blood Platelet Disorders; Bone Marrow; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytosis; Middle Aged; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Transport; Blood Proteins; Cellulose; Chromatography; Cobalt Isotopes; Dialysis; Erythrocytes; Gastric Juice; HeLa Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Protein Binding; Saliva; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Anilides; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Benzimidazoles; Binding Sites; Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cobalt Isotopes; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia, Myeloid; Saliva; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Niacinamide; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Cobalt Isotopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Multiple Sclerosis; Polycythemia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Busulfan; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Mercaptopurine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography; Cobalt Isotopes; Corrinoids; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Metabolism; Schilling Test; Transcobalamins; Urine; Vascular Diseases; Vitamin B 12

From 25 patients with acute leukemia 116 specimens of leukocytes were assayed microbiologically for total vitamin B(12) to determine if variation in vitamin B(12) content would help in differentiating the acute leukemias. The mean cell vitamin B(12) levels (mumug./10(8) cells) in the different types of leukemia were: lymphoblastic 464, myeloblastic 1058 and monocytic 200. Cell vitamin B(12) levels above the normal range (100-800 mumug./10(8) cells) are suggestive of myeloblastic leukemia. The only elevated cell vitamin B(12) levels comparable to those found in myeloblastic leukemia were in reticulum cell leukemia, and this type of leukemia was not difficult to diagnose morphologically. Blast cells contained more vitamin B(12) than mature cells of the same series; there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of blast cells and cell levels of total vitamin B(12) in both lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Cobalt Isotopes; Coenzymes; Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Metabolism; Plasma; Radiometry; Urine; Vitamin B 12

White blood cell preparations from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia have more S-adenosylmethionine, an important metabolic intermediate, than normal peripheral white cells or thoracic-duct lymphocytes. The previously reported elevation of cyanocobalamine (vitamin B(l2)) in the serum of patients with this disease is corroborated. The possible usefulness of methylation antimetabolites in cancer chemotherapy is suggested.

Topics: Antimetabolites; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Drug Therapy; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Methionine; Nucleosides; S-Adenosylmethionine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Blood; Cats; Cattle; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Horses; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Leukemia, Myeloid; Poultry; Rats; Sheep; Swine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Myelofibrosis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Folic Acid; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Alkalies; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Chemical Analysis; Erythrocytes; Gastrectomy; Geriatrics; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Lactobacillus; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Polycythemia Vera; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Biological Assay; Blood Chemical Analysis; Corrinoids; Digestion; Euglena; Hot Temperature; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Papain; Research; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Absorption; Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Celiac Disease; Cobalt Isotopes; Cobamides; Coenzymes; Drug Therapy; Erythrocytes; Humans; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Intrinsic Factor; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Male; Metabolism; Reticulocytes; Schilling Test; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Corrinoids; Dialysis; In Vitro Techniques; Isotonic Solutions; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Protein Binding; Renal Dialysis; Research; Temperature; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood; Hepatitis; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Transport; Blood; Blood Proteins; Cobalt Isotopes; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Metabolism; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Electrophoresis; Euglena; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Genetics; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Retroviridae; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Hematinics; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Busulfan; Hematinics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mercaptopurine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Hematinics; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Serum; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Orosomucoid; Plasma; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biological Transport; Cobalt; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Plasma; Tissue Distribution; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myelitis; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Corrinoids; Humans; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myelitis; Vitamin B 12