vitamin-b-12 and Hemolysis

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure. HUS is usually categorized as typical, caused by Shiga toxin-producing

Topics: Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; Complement Activation; Diacylglycerol Kinase; Endothelial Cells; Hemolysis; Humans; Platelet Activation; Thrombosis; Vitamin B 12

Pernicious anemia and Vitamin B12 deficiency have a wide range of symptoms and are a common finding in the elderly. A 73 year old female is admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea, fatigue and loss of appetite and weight. While previous medical history and physical examination are inconspicuous, laboratory findings show severe pancytopenia with macrocytosis, low reticulocyte count and marked signs of hemolysis. A very low serum level of vitamin B12 and chronic atrophic type A gastritis upon endoscopy with presence of parietal cell antibodies in the serum lead to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Complete restitution is achieved by parenteral vitamin B12 substitution. Nowadays, severe pernicious anemia is only rarely seen. The differential diagnosis of pancytopenia (with macrocytic anemia) combined with hemolysis and the essential hints to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia are discussed, and thereby practical aspects including therapy actualized.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Folic Acid; Gastritis, Atrophic; Hemolysis; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pancytopenia; Vitamin B 12

The authors, after having reviewed folic acid and folates chemical and biochemical characteristics and their absorption and excretion modalities, determine serum folate levels by radioassay method on 30 patients with renal failure in chronic dialysis and on 24 normal controls. Low serum folate levels concerned 14 uremic patients (46.6% of th cases): 10 in hemodialysis and 4 in peritoneal dialysis. The mean serum folate values was 3.31 ng/ml (+/- 1.93) for the uremic patients' group and 4.29 ng/ml (+/- 1.21) for the control group. The difference between the mean level of these groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). No significant difference was observed among the mean serum folate levels of the uremic patients in peritoneal dialysis and of those in hemodialysis. Significantly low serum folate levels were finally found for the uremic HBsAg-positive patients, but in the same subjects the dialytic treatment period had been very prolonged. The authors conclude emphasizing the usefulness of folic acid treatment in uremic patients on dialysis, also without having an evident hematologic picture of megaloblastic anemia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hemolysis; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Uremia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Volume; Collagen Diseases; Dermatomyositis; Felty Syndrome; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Hyperplasia; Iron; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Myositis; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Scleroderma, Systemic; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Examination; Cell Survival; Complement System Proteins; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Feces; Folic Acid; Hematologic Diseases; Hematopoietic System; Hemolysis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Iron; Isoantibodies; Kinetics; Leukocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Radioisotopes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Circulation; Bone Marrow; Catalase; Erythrocytes; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Metals; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Regional Blood Flow; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Hemoglobinometry; Hemolysis; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hemolysis; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Liver; Reticulocytes; Scurvy; Tissue Extracts; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Folates act as essential coenzymes in many biological pathways, including the synthesis and methylation of DNA. Low folate concentration in serum and whole blood (WB) is associated with several disease conditions. We describe a stable-isotope-dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of (6S)-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate (where H(4)folate is tetrahydrofolate) and non-CH(3)-H(4)folate [sum of HCO-H(4)folate, (6R)-5,10-CH(+)-H(4)folate, (6R)-5,10-CH(2)-H(4)folate, (6S)-H(4)folate, dihydrofolate, and folic acid] in WB. The assay includes a solid-phase extraction procedure after the hemolysis and deconjugation. The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.2 to 200 nmol/L. The limits of detection were 0.40 nmol/L or lower for the folate forms. The interassay coefficients of variation were 7.4% for (6S)-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate and 15.4% for non-CH(3)-H(4)folate. For the folate forms, the recoveries were between 97.1% and 102.7%. Sample preparation caused the generation of artificial folic acid in WB and serum in a dose-dependent manner, which can lead to misinterpretation of the results. The use of antioxidants could not prevent the formation of folic acid. The median fasting WB folate concentrations from 42 nonsupplemented and nonfortified adults were 576 nmol/L (6S)-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate and 73.6 nmol/L non-CH(3)-H(4)folate, and 1,206 nmol/L (6S)-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate and 155 nmol/L non-CH(3)-H(4)folate for 35 adults who had taken 500 μg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B(6), and 500 μg of vitamin B(12) per day orally for 6 months. In conclusion, the UPLC-MS/MS method is fast and has a good sensitivity and selectivity for WB folates. We observed a dose-dependent oxidation of (6S)-H(4)folate, which resulted in the formation of artificial folic acid in serum and WB. To minimize this effect, we recommend a fast sample preparation.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Artifacts; Biological Assay; Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Limit of Detection; Oxidation-Reduction; Reference Values; Solid Phase Extraction; Specimen Handling; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetrahydrofolates; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6

Serum folate is considered a biomarker of chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs, but few studies have examined associations with markers of CE.. To evaluate serum folate concentrations in dogs with and without CE and associations with sample hemolysis and selected markers of CE. We hypothesized that hypofolatemia would be more common in dogs with CE and associated with hypocobalaminemia, higher CIBDAI, and hypoalbuminemia.. Six hundred seventy-three dogs with available serum folate measurements performed at an academic veterinary hospital between January 2016 and December 2019.. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to categorize cases as CE or non-CE and record clinical details and laboratory markers. Relationships between serum folate, cobalamin, and CE variables were assessed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, or Spearman's correlation tests.. Of the 673 dogs, 99 CE were compared to 95 non-CE. In the overall cohort, serum folate concentration did not correlate with sample hemolysis (P = .75). In the CE subset, serum folate and cobalamin concentrations were positively associated (rho = 0.34, FDR = 0.02). However, serum folate concentrations (median [25th, 75th percentiles]) were higher (CE: 12.1 (8.9, 16.1), non-CE: 10.4 (7.2, 15.5); P = .04) and cobalamin concentrations were lower (CE: 343 (240, 597), non-CE: 550 (329, 749); P = .001) in the CE vs non-CE group. Serum folate was not associated with markers of CE, but serum cobalamin was associated with albumin (P = .04) and cholesterol (P = .03).. Hypofolatemia is an inferior biomarker of CE compared to hypocobalaminemia.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

We present the case of a 67-year-old male patient admitted to our clinic due to weakness and repeated dizziness. Due to his severe microcytic anemia in his laboratory tests, he needed a transfusion of 6 units of selected blood in the days following admission. Our patient was diagnosed with beta-thalassemia minor, which was accompanied by a severe deficiency of vitamin B12. Surprisingly, parallel to vitamin B12 deficiency, we detected laboratory abnormalities indicating complement-mediated autoimmune hemolysis. After correcting the vitamin B12 deficiency, the patient's blood count improved, and the observed immunological abnormalities disappeared. Genetic testing of the hemoglobin gene confirmed the c.118C>T (p.Gln40STOP) variant in heterozygous form. Beta-thalassemia is a relatively common hematological disease, although rarely encountered in Hungary. Genetic testing of patients is possible at the Laboratory Medicine Institute of the Clinical Center in Debrecen. Unfortunately, we do not have accurate information about published domestic epidemiological data. Furthermore, establishing a diagnosis can be difficult if the disease is combined with other hematological disorders, such as the lack of vitamin B12, which can clinically mimic hemolytic anemia in certain features. Our case is considered a rarity in the literature, so in the case of a positive family history, it is recommended to screen immediate family members, which may facilitate the accurate establishment of a later diagnosis. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(24): 954-960.. Közleményünkben egy 67 éves férfi beteg esetét mutatjuk be. A beteget gyengeség és ismételt szédülés miatt vettük fel Klinikánkra. Laborvizsgálatai súlyos microcytás vérszegénységet jeleztek, emiatt a felvételt követő napokban 6 egység választott vér transzfúziójára szorult. Betegünknél a kivizsgálása során béta-thalassaemia minor igazolódott, melyhez súlyos B12-vitamin-hiány is társult. Meglepő módon a B12-vitamin-hiánnyal párhuzamosan komplement mediálta autoimmun hemolízisre utaló laboreltéréseket is észleltünk. A beteg vérképe a B12-vitamin-hiány korrigálását követően rendeződött, és az észlelt immunológiai eltérések is megszűntek. A hemoglobingén genetikai vizsgálata a c.118C>T (p.Gln40STOP) variánst heterozigóta formában igazolta. A béta-thalassaemia viszonylag gyakori hematológiai megbetegedésnek számít, bár Magyarországon ritkán találkozhatunk vele. A betegek genetikai vizsgálata a Debreceni Klinikai Központ Laboratóriumi Medicina Intézetében lehetséges. Publikált hazai epidemiológiai adatokról nincs pontos tudomásunk. A diagnózis felállítását nehezítheti, ha a kórkép más hematológiai rendellenességekkel is kombinálódik, mint a B12-vitamin hiánya, mely bizonyos vonásaiban a hemolitikus vérszegénységet képes klinikailag utánozni. Esetünk irodalmi ritkaságnak számít, ezért pozitív családi anamnézis esetén javasolható az egyenes ági családtagok szűrése, mely esetleg megkönnyítheti egy későbbi diagnózis pontos felállítását. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(24): 954–960.

Topics: Aged; beta-Thalassemia; Diagnosis, Differential; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Myelophthisic; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow; Erythrocyte Indices; Hemolysis; Humans; Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

A 15-year-old boy on a vegetarian diet presented with severe macrocytic anaemia (haemoglobin, 5.1 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume, 116 fL) in addition to leucopenia and thrombocytopaenia (pancytopenia), icterus secondary to haemolysis and splenomegaly. Laboratory investigations revealed severe vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. Following cobalamin replacement therapy, the patient reported increased well-being, including appetite and weight gain, and his icterus resolved. In the follow-up laboratory examinations, leucocyte and platelet counts in addition to serum bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels normalised. At the end of 2 months, laboratory findings, including haemoglobin level, were all within the normal range. We present this case as a reminder that severe vitamin B12 deficiency may present with findings mimicking acute leukaemia (pancytopenia and splenomegaly) and findings suggestive of pseudothrombotic microangiopathy.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Macrocytic; Diagnosis, Differential; Hemolysis; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Pancytopenia; Splenomegaly; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex

The routine chemical assays are affected by sample haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia, collectively known as serum indices; however, little attention has been given to the consequences of these conditions on hormonal assays (immunoassays). In this study, we assess the impact of interferences from exogenous serum indices on various endocrine assays performed on the Abbott Architect i2000 system. The pool of 20 serum samples was derived from a hospitalised population. The diluted serum samples were spiked with red cell haemolysate, Intralipid and bilirubin. The interferences were studied at baseline; 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of 5.0 g/L haemoglobin; 1% of 20% Intralipid; and 0.342 mmol/L of bilirubin according to the EP7-A2 guideline (Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; CLSI, USA). Aliquots were analysed in duplicate and/or triplicate for various hormones on the Abbott Architect i2000 immunoassay analyser. Serum ferritin (r2=0.84; P=0.074) and TSH (r2=0.81; P=0.52) levels showed a direct relationship with haemolysis and therefore overestimated because of the effects of haemolysis. The vitamin B12 level progressively decreased as the amount of haemolysis increased (r2=-0.76; P=0.136). There was a significant decrease in progesterone concentration owing to lipaemia (r2=-0.983; P=0.003). For icteric interferences, a strong inverse correlation was observed for folic acid and was shown to be statistically significant (r2=-0.94; P=0.017). Assays for ferritin, TSH, vitamin B12, folic acid and progesterone showed various degrees of interference because of the variability in serum indices.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Ferritins; Folic Acid; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hemolysis; Hormones; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperlipidemias; Immunoassay; Parathyroid Hormone; Progesterone; Prolactin; Reproducibility of Results; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Vitamin B 12

The most frequent organ-specific autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children are hypothyroidism and celiac disease. Among adults, other associations exist, notably with pernicious anemia, which is extremely rare in children. We relate the observation of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism, admitted for severe anemia in addition to chronic anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis. Blood cell count showed severe aregenerative anemia with pancytopenia, with signs of non-autoimmune hemolysis. Vitamin B12 levels were low, bone marrow aspiration revealed erythroid hyperplasia, and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were positive, providing the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Treatment with intramuscular vitamin B12 produced brisk reticulosis after 6 days, with a subsequent rapid resolution of the anemia. Follow-up of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children requires screening for organ-specific autoimmune diseases; in case of unexplained anemia, autoimmune gastritis must be suggested. It can evolve into pernicious anemia.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gastritis; Hemolysis; Humans; Pancytopenia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Hemolysis is regularly encountered in clinical specimens and often interferes with a variety of laboratory test methods. Although not widely recognized, immunoassays based on nonisotopic detection systems can also be affected by hemolysis. For this reason, we investigated the effect of differing amounts of hemolysis across a range of values for several immunoassays on the Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics ECi and Roche Elecsys platforms.. Hemolysate was prepared from whole blood and spiked at varying concentrations into pooled patient serum samples for different analytes.. Out of the 21 analytes tested, six (28.6%) exhibited significant increases or decreases in measured concentrations with increasing amounts of hemolysis.. Although immunoassays are generally thought to be impervious to hemolysis interference, hemolysis can interfere in immunoassay testing platforms. For these reasons, we recommend that laboratories conduct hemolysis interference studies for all laboratory test protocols.

Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunoassay; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Testosterone; Troponin I; Troponin T; Vitamin B 12

With the enormous range of laboratory investigations available from a modern haematology laboratory it is not surprising that a clinician may at times feel 'at sea' when finding a way through the diagnostic process. It is hoped that this 'haematological map' will help the busy clinician.

Topics: Algorithms; Blood Sedimentation; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocyte Indices; Ferritins; Hematologic Diseases; Hemolysis; Hemostasis; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12

To evaluate the haematological changes induced by a long-distance race in well trained runners.. The haematological changes presented by 17 runners (15 men and 2 women) were assessed in a 6-hour race. For this purpose samples were examined before the race, 2 hours later, 4 hours later, at the end of the race, and 4 days after the trial.. Haemoglobin rates, as well as leucocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and platelet counts were increased, probably due to decreased plasma volume. Haemolytic traits were seen as well, namely, increased reticulocyte count and decreased haptoglobin. High transferrin-transport capability and serum B12 levels were also present. Mild haematuria was found without any haemosiderinuria, siderinuria or haemoglobinuria. All these changes recovered in the post-race study.. Changes in the major haematologic values are present during long-distance races, some of them due to haemoconcentration. Leucocytosis, haemolysis and haematuria are noteworthy, and these findings must be borne in mind when evaluating the health of runners.

Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Proteins; Female; Ferritins; Folic Acid; Hematuria; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Running; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12

Whole blood hematocrit was determined by an approach which depends on the diffusion of an inert probe, to which red blood cells are impermeable, from a small agarose gel into a stirred, much larger blood sample. Blood cells influence the diffusion rate of the probe by, on the average, physically blocking a fraction of the gel surface. The blocking effect increases with the hematocrit. Cyanocobalamin (B-12) was found to be a suitable probe because it did not penetrate, bind to, or lyse blood cells and was not bound by plasma solutes. The loss of B-12 from gels in contact with blood was monitored by determination of the absorbance change at 540 nm of gels which had been quickly rinsed. The visible spectrum of B-12 in agarose gels was identical to the spectrum in water. Beer's Law was obeyed in 1-mm thick agarose gels over a concentration range of 0.1-0.8 mM. Based on the results from 48 blood samples covering the hematocrit range 25-69, a least-squares line was generated with a slope, -3.46 X 10(-3) delta A/hematocrit unit, a Y intercept of 0.295, and a correlation coefficient of 0.971. The precision of the technique was +/- 9.7%. The assay was insensitive to mean corpuscular volume and sample volume as long as the latter was 50-fold larger than the gel volume. The diffusion coefficient for B-12 in 1% agarose gels was found to be 1.4 +/- 0.2 X 10(-6) cm2 sec-1.

Topics: Blood Glucose; Diffusion; Gels; Hematocrit; Hemolysis; Humans; Models, Chemical; Polysaccharides; Sepharose; Serum Albumin; Vitamin B 12

Two main aspects of the in vitro mouse foetal liver cell assay for Erythroid Stimulating Factor (ESF) in human sera have been investigated. The haem extraction process has been shown to give specific and quantitative recovery of 59Fe labelled haem from haemoglobin thus confirming that the material assayed in human sera is stimulating the synthesis of this protein. The extraction procedure can be simplified considerably by prior mixing of the reagents without significantly influencing the results. Several serum constituents (citrate, testosterone, B12, folic acid and iron) have been investigated over a range of concentrations for possible effects on the cultures. Generally only small effects on haem synthesis were observed. It is concluded that variations in the levels of these factors in sera from treated patients will not produce any significant alterations in the estimated ESF concentrations.

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Cells, Cultured; Citrates; Culture Media; Erythropoietin; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fetus; Folic Acid; Heme; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Iron; Liver; Mice; Testosterone; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Cell Count; Cell Membrane; Cyclic AMP; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Female; Fluorides; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Reticulocytes; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Bone Marrow Examination; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Transferrin; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Bacillus cereus; Carbon Monoxide; Hemolysis; Hydroxocobalamin; Spectrophotometry; Streptococcus; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Anorexia Nervosa; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Volume; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Folic Acid; Glycosaminoglycans; Hematopoiesis; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Lymphopenia; Starvation; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Dapsone; Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Malabsorption Syndromes; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Gels; Hemolysis; Humans; Leukocytes; Molecular Biology; Phosphoglucomutase; Rats; Reticulocytes; Starch; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Antigens; Blood Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis; Hemolysis; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Neuraminidase; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Choline; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intramuscular; Malonates; Reticulocytes; Serum Albumin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Barbiturates; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; In Vitro Techniques; Liver Diseases; Osmosis; Prednisone; Sulfisoxazole; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Biological Transport; Child; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Glucose; Hemolysis; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Potassium; Pyruvate Kinase; Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Volume; Bone Marrow Examination; Erythropoiesis; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastric Juice; Hematocrit; Hemochromatosis; Hemolysis; Humans; Iron; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Melena; Metabolism; Splenomegaly; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Chromium Isotopes; Drug Therapy; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Hemoglobinuria; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Hemolysis; Humans; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Oxidoreductases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Blood; Blood Cells; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Cobalt Isotopes; Feces; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Kidney; Kinetics; Liver; Metabolism; Phenylhydrazines; Rats; Research; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow; Cell Division; Colchicine; Drug Therapy; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Megaloblasts; Research; Reticulocytes; Spectrophotometry; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Cell Death; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Hemolysis; Humans; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anemia; Biochemical Phenomena; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Radioisotopes; Vitamin B 12