vitamin-b-12 and Fetal-Death

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Blood Coagulation; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K

C57BL/6J (B6) mice are susceptible to in utero growth retardation and a number of morphological malformations following prenatal alcohol exposure, while DBA/2J (D2) mice are relatively resistant. We have previously shown that genomic imprinting may play a role in differential sensitivity between B6 and D2. The best-characterized mechanism mediating genomic imprinting is differential DNA methylation. In the present study we examined DNA methylation and gene expression, in both embryonic and placental tissue, at the mouse Igf2 locus following in utero ethanol exposure. We also examined the effects of a methyl-supplemented diet on methylation and ethanol teratogenesis. In embryos from susceptible B6 mice, we found small decreases in DNA methylation at four CpG sites in one of the differentially methylated regions of the Igf2 locus; only one of the four sites showed a statistically significant decrease. We observed no significant decreases in methylation in placentae. All Igf2 transcripts showed approximately 1.5-fold decreases following intrauterine alcohol exposure. Placing dams on a methyl-supplemented diet before pregnancy and throughout gestation brought methylation back up to control levels. Methyl supplementation also resulted in lower prenatal mortality, greater prenatal growth, and decreased digit malformations; it dramatically reduced vertebral malformations. Thus, although prenatal alcohol had only small effects on DNA methylation at the Igf2 locus, placing dams on a methyl-supplemented diet partially ameliorated ethanol teratogenesis.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; DNA Methylation; Drug Resistance; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Development; Folic Acid; Gene Expression; Genomic Imprinting; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methanol; Methylation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pregnancy; Species Specificity; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Female; Ferritins; Fetal Death; Hemoglobins; Iron; Macaca fascicularis; Monkey Diseases; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Transferrin; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Vitamin B 12

Reproductive performance and lamb viability in cobalt sufficient and subclinically deficient ewes, and from ewes experiencing repletion from and depletion into cobalt deficiency, were investigated in two experiments. The sheep were fed a cobalt deficient ration and supplementation was by oral dose according to treatment. The treatments had a significant effect (P less than 0.001) on ewe serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid concentrations. There were no significant effects on ewe liveweight, condition score or conception rate. Cobalt deficient ewes produced fewer lambs and had more stillbirths and neonatal mortalities than cobalt sufficient controls. Lambs from deficient ewes were slower to start suckling (P less than 0.05), had reduced concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G and zinc sulphate turbidity levels (P less than 0.05), and had lower serum vitamin B12 and higher methylmalonic acid concentrations (P less than 0.05), than lambs from cobalt sufficient dams. Cobalt supplementation in either the first or second half of pregnancy only did not fully alleviate these adverse effects.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cobalt; Colostrum; Female; Fetal Death; Immunoglobulin G; Methylmalonic Acid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Female; Fetal Death; Folic Acid; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Animals; Choline; Congenital Abnormalities; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Estrus; Female; Fertility; Fetal Death; Folic Acid; Formaldehyde; Glycine; Growth; Hernia, Umbilical; Hydrocephalus; Kidney Cortex Necrosis; Male; Niacinamide; Nutritional Requirements; Oxidation-Reduction; Pregnancy; Rats; Reproduction; Sarcosine; Spinal Dysraphism; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adult; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Hemoglobin; Gestational Age; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Bacteriuria; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Folic Acid; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Twins; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow Examination; Diet; Drug Therapy; Female; Fetal Death; Folic Acid; Liver; Maternal Mortality; Nigeria; Pathology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Seasons; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B 12