Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators]
Cytidine transport is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism, ensuring the delivery of cytidine, a crucial nucleoside, across cell membranes. Cytidine is a precursor for the synthesis of both DNA and RNA, playing a vital role in various cellular functions like gene expression and DNA replication. This transport process involves a complex interplay of specialized membrane proteins known as cytidine transporters. These transporters facilitate the movement of cytidine across the cellular barrier, against its concentration gradient, which requires energy input. The mechanism of cytidine transport involves specific recognition and binding of cytidine to the transporter protein. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the transporter, allowing cytidine to pass through the membrane. Once inside the cell, cytidine can be utilized for various metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a crucial component of RNA and a precursor for DNA synthesis. There are several types of cytidine transporters, each with unique characteristics and tissue distribution. Some transporters are highly specific for cytidine, while others can transport related nucleosides. These transporters are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, ensuring the availability of cytidine for essential cellular functions. Dysregulation of cytidine transport can lead to various pathologies, highlighting the critical role of this process in maintaining cell health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 | An equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99808] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 | An equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14542] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 | A sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00337] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dilazep | dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties. Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity. | benzoate ester; diazepane; diester; methoxybenzenes | cardioprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| dipyridamole | dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752) | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| lidoflazine | Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action. | diarylmethane | |
| uridine | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite | |
| phlorhizin | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite | |
| methylthioinosine | Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position. | purine ribonucleoside; thiopurine | |
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase | kinetin riboside: preferentially induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in cancer cells; structure in first source | purine nucleoside | |
| gemcitabine | gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| draflazine | draflazine: a nucleoside transport inhibitor; has cardioprotective effect; draflazine is the (-)-enantiomer; R 88016 is the (+)-enantiomer | ||
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine | 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | purine nucleoside | |
| n(6)-benzyladenosine | N(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine | 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport | ||
| 5-iodotubercidin | 7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase | organoiodine compound | |
| n(6)-phenyladenosine | purine nucleoside | ||
| tecadenoson | tecadenoson: an A1 adenosine receptor agonist | ||
| 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylthioguanosine | |||
| n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine | |||
| 6-benzylthioinosine | 6-benzylthioinosine: a subversive substrate of T gondii adenosine kinase; structure in first source |