Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H+ + H2O = uridine + NH4 and deoxycytidine + H+ + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH4+. [EC:3.5.4.5]
Cytidine deaminase activity is a catalytic activity that involves the removal of an amino group from cytidine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, to form uridine. This enzymatic reaction is essential for various metabolic pathways, particularly in the synthesis and degradation of nucleotides.
Cytidine deaminase enzymes are found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They play a crucial role in regulating the intracellular levels of cytidine and uridine, two essential components of DNA and RNA.
The reaction catalyzed by cytidine deaminase is a hydrolytic deamination, which involves the addition of a water molecule and the removal of an ammonia molecule. The enzyme utilizes a mechanism that involves a covalent intermediate, where the substrate cytidine binds to the active site of the enzyme and undergoes a series of chemical transformations.
The active site of cytidine deaminase typically contains a zinc ion, which plays a critical role in catalysis. The zinc ion acts as a Lewis acid, facilitating the removal of the amino group from cytidine.
In addition to their role in nucleotide metabolism, cytidine deaminase enzymes have also been implicated in other biological processes. For example, they have been shown to play a role in the immune response by inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes.
Cytidine deaminase activity is a highly regulated process. The activity of these enzymes is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.
In conclusion, cytidine deaminase activity is a fundamental enzymatic reaction that is essential for a variety of biological processes. It is a highly regulated process that is influenced by various factors.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase | A single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9GZX7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytidine deaminase | A cytidine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P32320] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydroxylamine | amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. | hydroxylamines | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent |
| aurintricarboxylic acid | aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'. Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues. | monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid | fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist |
| chelerythrine | chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. | benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| dequalinium | dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group. Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration. | quinolinium ion | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
| diphenyleneiodonium | dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine. diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor | organic cation | |
| dipyridamole | dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752) | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| hydralazine | hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| phenelzine | Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | primary amine | |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| mitoxantrone | mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| protoporphyrin ix | protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685 | ||
| sanguinarine | benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family. | alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent | |
| tyrphostin a9 | alkylbenzene | geroprotector | |
| uridine | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite | |
| cytidine | cytidines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| 1-naphthaldehyde | 1-naphthaldehyde : A naphthaldehyde with a formyl group at position 1. 1-naphthaldehyde: structure naphthaldehyde : An aldehyde in which the organyl group is a naphthyl group. | naphthaldehyde | mouse metabolite |
| cytarabine | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent | |
| pyrazolanthrone | anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| 2,3,5-trimethylquinol | 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is hydroquinone substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 5. 2,3,5-trimethylquinol: reducing agent | hydroquinones; methylbenzene | |
| deoxycytidine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| idarubicin | Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
| flupirtine | flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | aminopyridine | |
| gemcitabine | gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| masoprocol | masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. | nordihydroguaiaretic acid | antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite |
| 5,6-dihydrouridine | dihydrouridine : The uridine derivative obtained by formal hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bond in the uracil ring. | uridines | biomarker |
| pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside | pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure | pyrimidine ribonucleosides | |
| 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | |||
| 2-(4-aminophenyl)quinoline | 2-(4-aminophenyl)quinoline: used for imaging tau protein; structure in first source | ||
| 2'-c-methylcytidine | 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source | ||
| IPA-3 | IPA-3 : An organic disulfide obtained by oxidative dimerisation of 1-sulfanylnaphthalen-2-ol. | naphthols; organic disulfide | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor |
| 2-[[2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-4-oxo-1-phthalazinyl)phenyl]sulfonylamino]acetic acid ethyl ester | alpha-amino acid ester | ||
| (2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine) | benzimidazoles | ||
| nemadipine-a | nemadipine-A : A dihydropyridine that is that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups, at positions 3 and 5 by ethoxycarbonyl groups, and at position 4 by a pentafluorophenyl group. An L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunit antagonist. When exposed to the microscopic soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, nemadipine-A induces a variety of defects including those affecting morphology and egg laying. nemadipine-A: structure in first source | dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; pentafluorobenzenes | calcium channel blocker |
| 5-[[(1-cyclohexyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]methyl]-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole | oxadiazole; ring assembly | ||
| ro 41-0960 | |||
| tectochrysin | tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. tectochrysin: structure in first source | monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | antidiarrhoeal drug; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| casein kinase ii | Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. | ||
| psi 6130 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine: PSI-6130 is the (beta-D)-isomer; has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus; structure in first source | ||
| 2-(2-methoxyanilino)-8-[(3-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one | N-acylpiperidine | ||
| CDN1163 | CDN1163 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-isopropoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 2-methylquinolin-8-amine. An allosteric activator of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). CDN1163: a SERCA2 activator with antidiabetic activity; structure in first source | aromatic ether; quinolines; secondary carboxamide | SERCA activator |
| hispidin | hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus). hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus | 2-pyranones; catechols | antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| 4-[[(4-oxo-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-yl)thio]methyl]benzoic acid methyl ester | benzoate ester |