Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis. [GOC:ecd, PMID:15096496]
UMP salvage is a critical metabolic pathway that recovers uridine monophosphate (UMP) from various sources, ensuring a continuous supply of this essential nucleotide for RNA synthesis, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. The pathway involves two major enzymes: uridine phosphorylase (UP) and uridine kinase (UK).
UP catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, to uracil and ribose 1-phosphate. This reaction occurs in the cytoplasm and provides a source of uracil, which can be further processed to UMP.
UK, also located in the cytoplasm, then catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation of uracil to UMP using ATP as the phosphate donor. This step consumes energy but ensures the efficient conversion of uracil to UMP.
The salvage pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular nucleotide pools, particularly during times of limited de novo biosynthesis. It allows cells to conserve energy by recycling pre-existing nucleotides, reducing the need for complex biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, salvage pathways are essential for maintaining adequate levels of UMP in tissues that exhibit high RNA turnover, such as the brain and immune system.
The UMP salvage pathway is highly regulated, ensuring the balance between synthesis and breakdown of nucleotides. This regulation is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Uridine-cytidine kinase 1 | A uridine-cytidine kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9HA47] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Uridine phosphorylase 1 | A uridine phosphorylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16831] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Cytidine deaminase | A cytidine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P32320] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
uridine | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite | |
cytidine | cytidines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
cytarabine | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent | |
deoxycytidine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
doxifluridine | doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
5-benzylacyclouridine | 5-benzyl-1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)uracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group at position 1 and a benzyl group at position 5. 5-benzylacyclouridine: structure given in first source | hydroxyether; primary alcohol; pyrimidone | |
gemcitabine | gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone | 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone: structure in first source | ||
5,6-dihydrouridine | dihydrouridine : The uridine derivative obtained by formal hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bond in the uracil ring. | uridines | biomarker |
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside | pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure | pyrimidine ribonucleosides | |
2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine | 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine: inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation | ||
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | |||
2'-c-methylcytidine | 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source | ||
psi 6130 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine: PSI-6130 is the (beta-D)-isomer; has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus; structure in first source |