4'-thiothymidine

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Description

4'-thiothymidine is a nucleoside analog that has been studied as a potential antiviral agent. It is a synthetic analog of thymidine, a naturally occurring nucleoside found in DNA. The sulfur atom in the 4'-position of the sugar moiety is thought to be responsible for its antiviral activity. 4'-thiothymidine has been shown to inhibit the replication of a variety of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. The mechanism of its antiviral action is thought to involve the inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, which is an enzyme essential for viral replication. 4'-thiothymidine has also been investigated for its potential anticancer activity. Studies have shown that it can inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines. It is currently under investigation for its potential therapeutic use in treating viral infections and cancer.'

4'-thiothymidine: RN & structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10923208
CHEMBL ID	463660
SCHEMBL ID	6266871
MeSH ID	M0191853
PubMed CID	72371
CHEMBL ID	445596
SCHEMBL ID	1942500
MeSH ID	M0191853

Synonyms (17)

Synonym
1-[(2s,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrothiophen-2-yl]-5-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
134111-35-6
4'-thiothymidine
CHEMBL463660
SCHEMBL6266871
1-[(2s,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)thiolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
134111-33-4
1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrothiophen-2-yl]-5-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
brn 4322066
thymidine, 4'-thio-
1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)thiolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
CHEMBL445596
SCHEMBL1942500
IVUDHNYLTWOARV-XLPZGREQSA-N
4/'-thiothymidine
DTXSID20928454
1-(2-deoxy-4-thiopentofuranosyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1h)-one

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (36)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID104471	Inhibitory dose required to reduce the viability of MT-4 cells by 50%	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID104817	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells by 50%; No activity below ID50 observed	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID105823	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Herpes Virus-1 (HSV-1) in MRC -5 cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID105824	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in MRC-5 cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID218050	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Herpes Virus-2 (HSV-2) in vero cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID79241	The concentration required to produce a 50% inhibition of clone formation in human epidermoid carcinoma H-Ep-2 cells	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio pyrimidine nucleosides.
AID217769	Inhibitory dose required to reduce the viability of vero cells by 50%	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID381856	Activity of 10 U/mL Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase assessed as drug phosphorylation after 24 hrs	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Kinetic parameters and recognition of thymidine analogues with varying functional groups by thymidine phosphorylase.
AID105827	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in MRC-5 cells by 50%; ND=Not determined	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID98517	The concentration required to produce a 50% reduction in the rate of cell proliferation in murine leukemia L1210 cells	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio pyrimidine nucleosides.
AID542166	Antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus WR infected in HFF assessed as reduction of plaque formation after 3 days	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID543526	Ratio of compound EC50 to cidofovir EC50 for Vaccinia virus Copenhagen	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID29739	Toxicity of compound was measured after ip administration to mice.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID542163	Antiproliferative activity against HFF after 3 days by coulter counter assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID542165	Antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus Copenhagen infected in HFF assessed as reduction of plaque formation after 3 days	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID79241	The concentration required to produce a 50% inhibition of clone formation in human epidermoid carcinoma H-Ep-2 cells	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio pyrimidine nucleosides.
AID98517	The concentration required to produce a 50% reduction in the rate of cell proliferation in murine leukemia L1210 cells	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio pyrimidine nucleosides.
AID105826	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in MRC-5 cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID44034	The concentration required to inhibit cell growth to 50% of untreated controls in human T-cell leukemia CCRF-CEM cells	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio pyrimidine nucleosides.
AID563744	Antiviral activity against HSV2 MS infected in HFF after 3 days by plaque reduction assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Inhibition of herpesvirus replication by 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides.
AID218050	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Herpes Virus-2 (HSV-2) in vero cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID105824	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in MRC-5 cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID563745	Antiproliferative activity against HFF after 3 days by Coulter counting analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Inhibition of herpesvirus replication by 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides.
AID542421	Antiviral activity against Cowpox virus Brighton infected in HFF assessed as reduction of plaque formation after 3 days	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID217769	Inhibitory dose required to reduce the viability of vero cells by 50%	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID22167	Half life was measured in mice.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID563743	Cytotoxicity against HFF after 3 days by MTS assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Inhibition of herpesvirus replication by 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides.
AID542164	Cytotoxicity against HFF after 7 days by neutral red uptake assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID543528	Ratio of compound EC50 to cidofovir EC50 for Cowpox virus Brighton	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID563742	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for HFF to EC50 for HSV2 MS infected in HFF	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Inhibition of herpesvirus replication by 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides.
AID381856	Activity of 10 U/mL Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase assessed as drug phosphorylation after 24 hrs	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Kinetic parameters and recognition of thymidine analogues with varying functional groups by thymidine phosphorylase.
AID543527	Ratio of compound EC50 to cidofovir EC50 for Vaccinia virus WR	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Activities of certain 5-substituted 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides against orthopoxvirus infections.
AID105823	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of Herpes Virus-1 (HSV-1) in MRC -5 cells by 50%.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID104817	Minimum inhibitory concentration required to reduce cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells by 50%; No activity below ID50 observed	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID104471	Inhibitory dose required to reduce the viability of MT-4 cells by 50%	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
AID19860	Maximum plasma level was measured in mice.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9	The synthesis and antiviral activity of some 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleoside analogues.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (27)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	9 (33.33)	18.2507
2000's	8 (29.63)	29.6817
2010's	7 (25.93)	24.3611
2020's	3 (11.11)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.66

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	12.66 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	1.79 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.45 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.66)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (12.00%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	22 (88.00%)	84.16%
Other	5 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
thymidine [no description available]	4.56	24	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.04	1	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	7.11	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.1	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.4	2	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.4	2	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.02	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
2',3'-dideoxythymidine [no description available]	2.04	1
5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxythymidine 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	3.07	4	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxythymidine [no description available]	2.04	1
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.11	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	1.97	1
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	purine nucleoside
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	2.4	2	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
deoxy-4-thiothymidine 4-thiothymidine: structure in first source	2.11	1
4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine 4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine: RN in Chemline for 2-thio-isomer: 2i35059-12-2	2.02	1
2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine 2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine: RN & structure given in first source	1.97	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.02	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	1.97	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	6.98	1	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
thymidine [no description available]	2.04	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.45	2	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
uridine [no description available]	2.04	1	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.04	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.45	2	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
2',3'-dideoxythymidine [no description available]	2.04	1
5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxythymidine 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxythymidine [no description available]	2.04	1
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	1.97	1
2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine 2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine: RN & structure given in first source	2.41	2
st-246 tecovirimat: A potent and specific inhibitor of orthopoxvirus replication. It is used for the treatment of SMALLPOX and other orthopoxvirus infections, including MONKEYPOX under expanded access investigational new drug protocol (https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/Tecovirimat.html).	2.05	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.41	2	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.05	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.69	3
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	2.67	3
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.38	2
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.69	3
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	3.07	5
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.38	2
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.38	2
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.63	2
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	2.63	2
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.63	2
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	2.63	2
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	2.31	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.25	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.25	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.17	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.17	1
B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.47	2
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.11	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.11	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.11	1
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.11	1
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.11	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.11	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.11	1
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.11	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	7.11	1
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	2.11	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.04	1
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	2.05	1
Cow Pox [description not available]	2.05	1
Infections, Poxviridae [description not available]	2.05	1

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