Compounds > asperuloside
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

asperuloside

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Asperuloside is a natural iridoid glycoside found in various plants, including Galium aparine (cleavers). It exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Research suggests that asperuloside may be involved in the regulation of cell signaling pathways and may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Its synthesis has been studied, and it is typically extracted from plant sources. The compound's potential medicinal applications and its unique structure make it a subject of ongoing research.'

asperuloside : A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
GaliumgenusA genus of herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the family RUBIACEAE.[MeSH]RubiaceaeThe Madder plant family of the order Gentianales (formerly Rubiales), subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida includes important medicinal plants that provide QUININE; IPECAC; and COFFEE. They have opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID84298
CHEMBL ID461910
CHEBI ID2881
MeSH IDM0209112

Synonyms (30)

Synonym
nsc-31760
asperuloside
C09769
smr001397075
MLS002472968 ,
chebi:2881 ,
CHEMBL461910
AC1L376M ,
AC1Q608R ,
unii-v3cfi02x39
einecs 238-137-5
(2as-(2aalpha,4aalpha,5alpha,7balpha))-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1-oxo-1h-2,6-dioxacyclopent(cd)inden-4-ylmethyl acetate
1h-2,6-dioxacyclopent(cd)inden-1-one, 4-((acetyloxy)methyl)-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-, (2as-(2aalpha,5alpha,7balpha))-
nsc 31760
v3cfi02x39 ,
[(2as,4as,5s,7bs)-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-oxo-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1h-2,6-dioxacyclopenta[cd]inden-4-yl]methyl acetate
HMS2206P12
asperuloside [mi]
rubichloric acid
(2as,4as,5s,7bs)-4-((acetyloxy)methyl)-5-(.beta.-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1h-2,6-dioxacyclopent(cd)inden-1-one
NCGC00380739-01
IBIPGYWNOBGEMH-DILZHRMZSA-N
AKOS037514973
Q27105860
CS-0016802
HY-N1382
1h-2,6-dioxacyclopent[cd]inden-1-one, 4-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-5-(?-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-, (2as,4as,5s,7bs)-
(2as,4as,5s,7bs)-4-((acetyloxy)methyl)-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1h-2,6-dioxacyclopent(cd)inden-1-one
dtxcid801016393
((2as,4as,5s,7bs)-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-oxo-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1h-2,6-dioxacyclopenta(cd)inden-4-yl)methyl acetate

Research Excerpts

Overview

Asperuloside (ASP) is an iridoid glycoside found in Herba Paederiae, and is a component from traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Asperuloside is a natural compound extracted from various herbs with several bioactivities. "( Asperuloside inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colitis associated cancer via activation of vitamin D receptor.
Chen, YE; Guan, T; Hou, S; Liang, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Shen, Q; Xu, S; Zhu, S, 2022)		3.61
"Asperuloside (ASP) is an iridoid glycoside found in Herba Paederiae, and is a component from traditional Chinese herbal medicine."( Asperuloside exhibits a novel anti-leukemic activity by triggering ER stress-regulated apoptosis via targeting GRP78.
Rong, C; Wei, W; Yu-Hong, T, 2020)		2.72
"Asperuloside is a secondary metabolite which belongs to iridoid glycosides and is commonly present in the plant family Rubiaceae."( Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of asperuloside, a systematic review.
Bhat, NG; Fokou, PVT; Kumar, NVA; Manzione, MG; Martorell, M; Pezzani, R; Sharopov, F, 2020)		1.54
"Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. "( Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice.
Ahmad, T; Bissember, AC; Bleasel, M; Canales, J; Caruso, V; Chellappan, DK; D'Andrea, G; Deans, BJ; Eri, R; Grewal, AK; Guven, N; Iglesias, M; Ishaq, M; Jacobson, G; Loh, HL; Ng, WY; Nowak, K; Pasupuleti, M; Raffaeli, W; Randall, C; Ronci, M; Scowen, P; Shastri, M; Smith, JA; Southam, B; Tan, E; Tran, D; Vicario, C; Vicenzi, S; Wu, Y; Xin, JTZ; Yang, C; Yee, CW; Zuccarini, M, 2021)		3.51

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Asperuloside reduced the transform of epithelial phenotype into motile mesenchymal phenotype in EMT cell along with decreasing levels of EMT markers by inhibiting Smad3 mRNA via activation of VDR."( Asperuloside inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colitis associated cancer via activation of vitamin D receptor.
Chen, YE; Guan, T; Hou, S; Liang, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Shen, Q; Xu, S; Zhu, S, 2022)		2.89

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (5)

ClassDescription
iridoid monoterpenoidOne of a class of monoterpenoids biosynthesized from isoprene and often intermediates in the biosynthesis of alkaloids. Iridoids usually consist of a cyclopentane ring fused to a six-membered oxygen heterocycle; cleavage of a bond in the cyclopentane ring gives rise to the subclass known as secoiridoids.
beta-D-glucosideAny D-glucoside in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.
monosaccharide derivativeA carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.
acetate esterAny carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
gamma-lactoneA lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency11.22020.00018.4406100.0000AID720580
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency100.00000.006026.168889.1251AID540317
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (35)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID580002Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in food intake per day after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 5.51 +/- 0.20 g/day)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID357036Antioxidant activity assessed as radical scavenging activity in FMLP-stimulated human PMNC up to 30 uM by chemiluminescence assay2001Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7
Flavonoid, iridoid, and lignan glycosides from Putoria calabrica.
AID579999Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in initial body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 25.9 +/- 0.38 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1873248Anti-obesity activity in male C57BL/6 mouse model of high-fat diet induced obesity assessed as body weight change at 3 mg/kg, po administered once a day for 12 weeks relative to control2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Recent advances in natural anti-obesity compounds and derivatives based on in vivo evidence: A mini-review.
AID580001Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 9.50 +/- 0.68 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID580005Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in plasma free fatty acid level after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID580006Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as increase in basal metabolic rate at 0.1 % after 4 weeks2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID377830Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity after 30 mins2005Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 68, Issue:4
Chemical constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their antioxidant activity.
AID1873238Anti-obesity activity in male C57BL/6 mouse model of high-fat diet induced obesity assessed as body weight change at 0.25 % (w/w) administered orally for 12 weeks relative to control2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Recent advances in natural anti-obesity compounds and derivatives based on in vivo evidence: A mini-review.
AID377832Antioxidant activity assessed as 3-morpholinosydnonimine-derived peroxynitrite free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins2005Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 68, Issue:4
Chemical constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their antioxidant activity.
AID580004Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in plasma triglyceride level after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1873255Anti-obesity activity in Sprague-Dawley rat model of high-fat diet induced obesity assessed as body weight change administered orally for 12 weeks relative to control2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Recent advances in natural anti-obesity compounds and derivatives based on in vivo evidence: A mini-review.
AID1327604Inhibition of hog pancreas alpha-amylase using starch as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by dinitrosalicylic acid color reagent-based UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis2016Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8
α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors from Arcytophyllum thymifolium.
AID580003Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in weight adipose tissue weight after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID580121Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in respiratory quotients at 0.1 % after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID377831Antioxidant activity assessed as authentic peroxynitrite free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins2005Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 68, Issue:4
Chemical constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their antioxidant activity.
AID580000Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in final body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 35.5 +/- 0.68 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (9.30)18.7374
1990's3 (6.98)18.2507
2000's7 (16.28)29.6817
2010's13 (30.23)24.3611
2020's16 (37.21)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 49.25

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index49.25 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.81 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.98 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index76.15 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (49.25)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews3 (6.82%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other41 (93.18%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		2.2110amino-acid anion
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.0210trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.610long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.4620uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7,8-dihydroxyflavone
7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.		3.5110dihydroxyflavoneantidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		2.07101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9910mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.0210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		7.610pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
cytidine
[no description available]		2.0210cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		2.0210mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0510cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		3.5110cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		3.6120hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		7.610cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
acarbose
[no description available]		2.1310tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		6.27270D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		1.9810hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
narciclasine
narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species		3.5110phenanthridinesmetabolite
isoalantolactone
isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.		3.5110eudesmane sesquiterpenoid;
sesquiterpene lactone		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		3.5110dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
aucubin
[no description available]		2.3420organic molecular entitymetabolite
diphyllin
diphyllin: extract of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb), a highly poisonous plant; do not confuse with diphyllin or diphylline which is the main heading AMINOPHYLLINE; do not confuse with the theophylline derivative DYPHYLLINE		3.5110lignan
geniposide
[no description available]		7.7730terpene glycoside
tanshinone
tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent		3.5110abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
celastrol
[no description available]		3.5110monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
glabridin
[no description available]		3.5110hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug
methyl-beta-d-fructoside
methylfructoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0210
withaferin a
withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		3.511027-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
hyperforin
hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.		3.5110
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4720
geniposidic acid
[no description available]		2.7130terpene glycoside
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		4.6980
ganoderic acid a
[no description available]		3.5110triterpenoid
glycosides
[no description available]		3.4780
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.4920cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.0210
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		2.0310
fraxetin
fraxetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 6-methoxycoumarin in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 8 have been replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.1310aromatic ether;
hydroxycoumarin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
apoptosis inhibitor;
Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent
olivil
olivil: from the olive tree (Olea europaea Linne; Oleaceae); structure in first source		2.1310
quercetin
[no description available]		2107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
formononetin
[no description available]		3.51104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		210disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.		2.0510oxo monocarboxylic acidjasmonates;
plant metabolite
butein
[no description available]		3.5110chalcones;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.1310beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
rhamnetin
rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.		2.1310monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.		3.51107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
corylin
corylin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; structure in first source		3.5110
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.		2.0210disaccharide derivative;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
americanin a
americanin A: structure given in first source; structure originally thought to be that given for isoamericanin A; isolated from the seeds of Phytolacca americana; chemline record for americanin A is for isoamericanin A		2.0210benzodioxine
narcissin flavonol
narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))		2.0210disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
3,8-dihydroxy-6h-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one
3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one: metabolite of ellagic acid		3.5110coumarinsgeroprotector
lyoniside
daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.		2.0210beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
steroid saponin		plant metabolite
panduratin a
panduratin A: isolated from Kaempferia pandurata; structure in first source		3.5110diarylheptanoidmetabolite
lipstatin
lipstatin: isolated from Streptomyces toxytricini; inhibitor of pancreatic lipase; structure given in first source		3.5110
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.1310aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
asperulosidic acid
asperulosidic acid: from the fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (noni), a plant originally grown in the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands, has long been used by islanders to treat diseases, including cancer; structure in first source		8.0640glycoside;
iridoid monoterpenoid
astragaloside IV
[no description available]		3.5110pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triterpenoid saponin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
pro-angiogenic agent
dihydroconiferyl alcohol glucoside
dihydroconiferyl alcohol glucoside : A primary alcohol that is dihydroconiferyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.		210beta-D-glucoside;
monomethoxybenzene;
monosaccharide derivative;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite
lyoniside
lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer		2.0310
tuberonic acid glucoside
tuberonic acid glucoside: isolated from the potato Solanum tuberosum; structure in first source		2.0510O-acyl carbohydrate
gardenoside
gardenoside: structure given in first source; RN given refers to 1S(1alpha,4alpha,7alpha,7aalpha)-isomer. gardenoside : A cyclopentapyran that is 7-deoxyloganin with a methyl and hydrogen replaced by hydroxy and hydroxymethyl groups at position 7.		2.1310beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
tertiary alcohol		metabolite
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.610
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.0710nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.3110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.1340
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.1340
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.5320
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.0740
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		03.3310
Colitis-Associated Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.610
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		07.610
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.610
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.610
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.610
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		02.610
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.610
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.610
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.2510
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.2510
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		07.3110
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.3110
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1310
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		07.1310
Gouty Arthritis
[description not available]		02.0510
Arthritis, Gouty
Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.		02.0510
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.0710
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0410
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0410
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0410
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0410
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		01.9910