beryllium oxide profile

beryllium oxide : A beryllium molecular entity consisting of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and oxide in the ratio 1:1. In the solid state, BeO adopts the hexagonal wurtzite structure form while in the vapour phase, it is present as discrete diatomic covalent molecules. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	14775
CHEBI ID	62842
MeSH ID	M0102006

Synonym
1304-56-9
ec 215-133-1
unii-2s8nlr37s3
einecs 215-133-1
beryllium oxide (beo)
ccris 83
bromellete
beryllium monoxide
thermalox 995
natural bromellite
beryllia
thermalox
hsdb 1607
beryllium oxide
beryllium oxide, 99.98% trace metals basis
oxoberyllium
CHEBI:62842
AKOS015903963
21883-51-2
DTXSID30872818
mfcd00003457
beryllium oxide, purum
Q422714

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To avoid errors in predicting bioavailability of beryllium and the associated risks for CBD, the mechanisms of particle formation should be understood and the SSA of beryllium particles should be measured directly."	( Surface area of respirable beryllium metal, oxide, and copper alloy aerosols and implications for assessment of exposure risk of chronic beryllium disease. Breysse, PN; Day, GA; Dickerson, RM; Hoover, MD; Kent, MS; Peterson, EJ; Scripsick, RC; Stefaniak, AB, )	0.13
" These findings demonstrate a mechanism of bioavailability for beryllium, are consistent with previously observed results in canine alveolar macrophages, and provide insights into additional research needs to understand and prevent beryllium sensitization and CBD."	( Bioavailability of beryllium oxide particles: an in vitro study in the murine J774A.1 macrophage cell line model. Day, GA; Dickerson, RM; Esmen, NA; Hoover, MD; Peterson, EJ; Scripsick, RC; Stefaniak, AB, 2005)	0.66

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" 4) Examination of the frequency in terms of BeO dosages revealed no results suggesting the dose-response relationship between pulmonary granuloma formation and the dosage."	( [Studies on the effects of beryllium oxide in purity and fired temperature to the occurrence of chronic pulmonary berylliosis]. Kato, Y; Kogame, Y; Kurita, H; Miki, T; Shima, S; Tachikawa, S; Watanabe, K; Yoshida, T, 1983)	0.56

Role	Description
carcinogenic agent	A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
beryllium molecular entity
metal oxide	An inorganic oxide that is an oxide of any metal.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	30 (37.04)	18.7374
1990's	8 (9.88)	18.2507
2000's	20 (24.69)	29.6817
2010's	20 (24.69)	24.3611
2020's	3 (3.70)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (2.35%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	83 (97.65%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	1.96	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
hydroxyurea [no description available]	7.41	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.63	3	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
beryl beryl: Be3Al2(SiO3)6	7.36	2
cadmium oxide cadmium oxide: causes severe lung damage; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	1.96	1
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.27	1	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	1.96	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	3.27	1	titanium group element atom
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	1.96	1	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	1.96	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	3.51	2	titanium group element atom
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.01	1	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.01	1	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
beryllium chloride beryllium chloride: RN given refers to BeCl2. beryllium dichloride : A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.	3.06	5	beryllium molecular entity; inorganic chloride	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	1.96	1	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.	2.44	2	ammonium salt; fluoride salt
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	3.27	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
beryllium sulfate beryllium sulfate: used as a diagnostic aid for allergic reactions in patients with fungal infection; RN given refers to (Be sulfate[1:1]). beryllium sulfate : A metal sulfate in which the metal is beryllium (in the +2 oxidation state) and the ratio of beryllium to sulfate is 1:1.	3.77	3	metal sulfate	allergen
fluorides [no description available]	3.11	5	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.96	1	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
lithium aluminate [no description available]	2.1	1
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.08	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	2.44	2
hafnia Hafnia: A genus of straight, gram-negative bacterial rods which are facultatively anaerobic and motile by peritrichous flagella. This genus is found in human and animal feces, soil, water, and dairy products. It is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)	3.27	1
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	1.96	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.05	1	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.96	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	7.3	81	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
caesium-137 [no description available]	2.21	1	caesium atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	1.96	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	4.23	5
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	6.97	1	glycoside
lithium borohydride [no description available]	2.01	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	1.96	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.92	4
Granulomas [description not available]	3.23	6
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.1	1
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	4.99	15
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	9.99	15
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	3.23	6
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.1	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.29	6
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	3.36	2
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.11	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.11	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.69	3
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.73	3
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.69	3
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.73	3
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.63	3
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	6.93	1
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	1.93	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.85	4
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.62	3
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.62	3
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.93	1
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	7.85	4
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.85	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.62	3
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2.62	3
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.85	4
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	1.92	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	1.92	1
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	1.96	1
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	1.96	1
Dermatoses [description not available]	1.96	1
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	1.96	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	1.96	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	1.96	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	1.96	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.88	4
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.88	4
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.66	3
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.66	3
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2	1
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	1.97	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.38	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.38	2
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.96	1

beryllium oxide

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (23)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (2)

Research

Studies (81)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 73.76

Study Types