MLL3/4 complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species. [GOC:sart, PMID:21875999]
The MLL3/4 complex is a large multi-protein complex that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. This complex is found in the nucleus and is associated with chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes. The MLL3/4 complex contains a variety of subunits, each with a distinct function. These subunits work together to ensure that genes are transcribed at the appropriate time and in the appropriate amount.
The MLL3/4 complex contains several core components, including:
- **MLL3 or MLL4:** These are the catalytic subunits of the complex and have histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase activity. They are responsible for adding methyl groups to histone H3, which is a key modification that activates gene expression.
- **RBBP5:** This subunit is a scaffold protein that binds to both MLL3/4 and other subunits of the complex. It helps to assemble the complex and maintain its stability.
- **ASH2L:** This subunit is a histone-binding protein that helps to target the complex to specific regions of chromatin. It also interacts with other subunits of the complex to regulate its activity.
- **WDR5:** This subunit is a WD40 repeat protein that binds to methylated H3K4 and helps to recruit the complex to active genes.
The MLL3/4 complex also interacts with a number of other proteins, including:
- **CHD4:** This protein is a chromatin remodeling factor that helps to reposition nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. This allows the MLL3/4 complex to access DNA and modify histone tails.
- **Dpy-30:** This protein is a histone chaperone that helps to assemble nucleosomes. It ensures that histones are properly incorporated into chromatin, which is essential for proper gene regulation.
- **Menin:** This protein is a tumor suppressor that interacts with the MLL3/4 complex and regulates its activity. It is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and development.
The MLL3/4 complex is highly dynamic and its composition can vary depending on the cell type and the specific gene being regulated. The complex is essential for normal development and is often dysregulated in cancer. Mutations in MLL3 and MLL4 genes have been linked to various human diseases, including leukemia and developmental disorders.'
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Proteins (8)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Lysine-specific demethylase 6B | A lysine-specific demethylase 6B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15054] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 | A Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UBL3] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein dpy-30 homolog | A protein dpy-30 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9C005] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NEZ4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 | A retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15291] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| WD repeat-containing protein 5 | A WD repeat-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61964] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Lysine-specific demethylase 6A | A lysine-specific demethylase 6A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15550] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14686] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (20)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| deferiprone | deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia. Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA. | 4-pyridones | iron chelator; protective agent |
| lansoprazole | Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| rabeprazole | Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| succinylacetone | 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia. succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis | beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid | lutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4. | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | |
| daminozide | daminozide: induces tumors | straight-chain fatty acid | |
| deferasirox | deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA. | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline | 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline: a JmjC histone demethylase inhibitor; structure in first source | quinolines | |
| (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride | (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | hydrochloride | |
| oxalylglycine | N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes. oxalylglycine: structure given in first source | amino dicarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine | EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor |
| geldanamycin | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor | |
| 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group. | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | Hsp90 inhibitor |
| tanespimycin | CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| dexlansoprazole | Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. | benzimidazoles; sulfoxide | |
| 3-[[2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]propanoic acid | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | ||
| gsk343 | GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM). GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor | aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor |
| gsk-j4 | GSK-J4: a JMJD3 inhibitor; structure in first source | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| oicr-9429 | OICR-9429: antineoplastic; structure in first source |