protein deglycosylation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein. [GOC:mah]
Protein deglycosylation is a crucial biological process that involves the removal of sugar molecules (glycans) from proteins. Glycosylation, the attachment of glycans to proteins, is a common post-translational modification that significantly impacts protein structure, function, and stability. Deglycosylation, conversely, plays a vital role in regulating these aspects and is involved in various cellular processes.
There are two main types of deglycosylation: N-deglycosylation and O-deglycosylation. N-deglycosylation removes glycans linked to the nitrogen atom of asparagine residues, while O-deglycosylation targets glycans linked to the oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues.
**Enzymatic Deglycosylation:**
* **Glycosidases:** These enzymes are the primary catalysts of deglycosylation. They specifically recognize and cleave the glycosidic bonds between glycans and proteins. Different glycosidases target specific glycan structures and linkage types.
* **Peptidases:** Some peptidases, like endopeptidases, can cleave peptide bonds near glycosylation sites, indirectly affecting the removal of glycans.
**Chemical Deglycosylation:**
* **Chemical reagents:** Certain chemicals, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) or hydrogen fluoride (HF), can cleave glycosidic bonds. These methods are typically used for analytical purposes and are not suitable for biological studies due to their harsh nature.
**Cellular Mechanisms of Deglycosylation:**
* **Quality Control:** Deglycosylation plays a key role in protein quality control. Misfolded or incorrectly glycosylated proteins are often targeted for deglycosylation and subsequent degradation.
* **Signal Transduction:** Deglycosylation can modulate the activity of signaling proteins, impacting cellular responses to external stimuli.
* **Immune Response:** Deglycosylation of antibodies and other immune components is crucial for proper immune recognition and function.
* **Protein Turnover:** Deglycosylation can influence protein stability and degradation rates, contributing to overall protein turnover within the cell.
**Applications of Deglycosylation:**
* **Biopharmaceutical Development:** Deglycosylation is used to modify therapeutic proteins, enhancing their stability, reducing immunogenicity, or altering their pharmacokinetic properties.
* **Analytical Techniques:** Deglycosylation is employed in analytical methods to characterize protein glycosylation patterns and study the impact of glycosylation on protein function.
* **Biomedical Research:** Deglycosylation is a valuable tool for studying the roles of glycosylation in various biological processes and diseases.
In summary, protein deglycosylation is a complex and vital biological process that plays a critical role in regulating protein function, cellular processes, and various aspects of human health. Understanding the mechanisms and applications of deglycosylation is crucial for advancing our knowledge of biology, medicine, and biotechnology.'
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Proteins (6)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Alpha-mannosidase 2 | An alpha-mannosidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16706] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase | A cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NFI3] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase | A peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96IV0] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase | An N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P20933] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein O-GlcNAcase | A protein O-GlcNAcase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60502] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase | A lysosomal alpha-mannosidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00754] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (21)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| batyl alcohol | batilol : An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent. batyl alcohol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | alkylglycerol | |
| 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid | 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids | human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| lansoprazole | Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| rabeprazole | Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| aspartic acid | aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| monomethyl succinate | 2-methylbutanedioic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. methylsuccinic acid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methylsuccinic acid methylsuccinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | dicarboxylic acid | |
| cysteic acid | cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine. Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather. | alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | animal metabolite |
| swainsonine | swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. | indolizidine alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite |
| castanospermine | castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer). castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe | indolizidine alkaloid | anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| bromosuccinic acid | bromosuccinic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid substituted at position 2 by a bromine atom. bromosuccinic acid: RN given refers to undesignated isomer | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid | |
| 2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-d-glucitol | 2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-glucitol: structure given in first source | ||
| miglitol | piperidines | ||
| 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol, (2r-(2alpha,3beta,4beta))-isomer | pyrrolidines | ||
| dactinomycin | Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | actinomycin | mutagen |
| tenatoprazole | Tenatoprazole: structure in first source | imidazopyridine | |
| n-acetylglucosamine thiazoline | N-acetylglucosamine thiazoline: an analog of the oxazolinium bicyclic intermediate leading from N-acetylglucosamine to 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid | ||
| n-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone o-(phenylcarbamoyl)oxime | N-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone O-(phenylcarbamoyl)oxime: structure given in first source | ||
| dexlansoprazole | Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. | benzimidazoles; sulfoxide | |
| thiamet g |